Download or read book Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease written by Julio A. Chirinos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease, Two Volume Set covers the principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics surrounding arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, along with a thorough overview of the field. The book presents complex engineering concepts in a way that those in science and medicine can more easily understand. It includes detailed illustrations. Additionally, it presents advanced bioengineering concepts in boxes for readers who wants more in-depth biophysical knowledge. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and clinicians interested in learning more about this field. Incorporates case studies and calculations/worked examples with mathematical principles explained in a conceptual manner without complicated formulas Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians Covers principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics

Download or read book Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease written by Julio A. Chirinos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease cover the principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics surrounding the topic, providing a thorough overview of the field and presenting complex engineering concepts in a way that those in science and medicine can more easily understand. Additionally, advanced bioengineering concepts are presented in boxes for the reader who wants more in-depth biophysical knowledge. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and clinicians interested in learning more about this field. It includes detailed illustrations, animations and slideshows to assist readers with learning objectives. Provides a comprehensive review of the clinical implications of arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics and its role in human disease Incorporates case studies and calculations/worked examples with mathematical principles explained in a conceptual manner without complicated formulas Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians

Download or read book Home Blood Pressure in Health and Disease written by Peder af Geijerstam and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2024-07-08 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is the most common preventable cause of premature all-cause mortality, primarily from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Individuals with dysglycemia, including prediabetes and diabetes, are at increased risk. Licorice intake raises blood pressure (BP) through the effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), but the true limit of safe intake is uncertain. Home BP has several benefits over BP measured at a clinic, including a higher predictive value for CVD. By combining office and home BP, it is possible to diagnose masked hypertension (MH), in which home but not office BP is elevated, and white coat hypertension (WCH), in which office but not home BP is elevated. The aim of this thesis was to advance our knowledge on home BP in relation to dysglycemia, markers of CVD, and licorice intake. The first 3 papers used data from the Linköping cohort of the prospective Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Study IV was a randomized controlled cross-over study. Data was obtained from questionnaires, blood samples and office and home BP measurements. In studies I-III, pulse wave velocity (PWV), coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and carotid artery plaques as markers of CVD were also included. In Study I, we examined 5025 men and women aged 50-64 years old for the relation between dysglycemia and home BP. Both the systolic office and home BP measurements were positively as-sociated with dysglycemia. Participants with dysglycemia vs normoglycemia more often had MH. The findings were in line with previous research and strengthened the association between dysglycemia and MH. In Study II, we examined the associations between MH and markers of CVD in 4122 individuals without BP-lowering treatment. Of participants, 4.2% had MH, and these were more often men and had higher BMI than those with normotension. Participants with MH also had higher odds for CACS ≥100, an as-sociation which has previously been suggested as a trend. In Study III, we examined the relation between soluble P-se-lectin (sP-selectin) as a measure of thrombotic activity, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a measure of inflammation, and home BP in 4548 participants. Both markers were higher in each hypertension phenotype compared with sustained normotension. The quartile of participants with the highest sP-se-lectin values had higher odds for CACS ≥100 and carotid artery plaques. The association between sP-selectin and sustained hyper-tension was novel and not affected by adjustments for hsCRP. In Study IV, 28 healthy participants aged 18-30 years old were evaluated for the effects of a daily intake of licorice containing 100 mg of GA compared with a control product for 2 weeks. During the licorice intake period, the systolic home BP increased with 3.1 mmHg, and the suppression of serum aldosterone and plasma renin levels indicated that this was due to the licorice intake. In conclusion, this thesis further strengthens the idea that both home and office BP measurements have values beyond that of the other, and that home BP may be most valuable in individuals with dysglycemia and obesity, and in men. Finally, licorice may be more potent than previously known, suggesting the need for increased awareness. Förhöjt blodtryck (hypertoni) är den huvudsakliga orsaken till förtida död, främst genom hjärtkärlsjukdom. Flera mekanismer och riskfaktorer som kan förklara hypertoni har identifierats. Individer med förhöjt blodsocker, inklusive diabetes och dess förstadier, lö-per ökad risk för hjärtkärlsjukdom, och förhöjt blodsocker samexisterar ofta med hypertoni. Lakritsintag höjer blodtrycket genom dess beståndsdel glycyrrhizinsyra (GA), och även om både Europeiska unionen och Världshälsoorganisationen har föreslagit att ett intag av upp till 100 mg per dag sannolikt är säkert att förtära för de flesta individer, är den gränsnivån osäker. Jämfört med blodtryck som mäts på mottagningen av medicinskt utbildad personal har hemblodtryck flera fördelar, inklusive starkare koppling till framtida hjärtkärlsjukdom. Genom att kombinera mottagnings- och hemblodtryck går det att diagnosticera maskerad hypertoni (MH), då hemblodtrycket är förhöjt trots normalt mottagningsblodtryck, och vitrockhypertoni (WCH), då mottagningsblodtrycket men inte hemblodtrycket är förhöjd. Syftet med denna avhandling var att vidare utforska hemblodtryck i relation till förhöjt blodsocker, markörer för hjärtkärlsjukdom, och lakritsintag. Avhandlingens fyra arbeten baseras på två studier. I de första tre arbetena analyserades data från Linköpings-kohorten i the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), en prospektiv studie av män och kvinnor i åldrarna 50-64 år. I det sista arbetet analyserades data från en lottad överkorsningsstudie. Data i studierna bestod av enkätsvar, blodprover, samt mottagnings- och hemblodtrycksmätningar. I studie I-III ingick även pulsvågshastighet, kalkhalt i kranskärlen vid skiktröntgen (CACS) och plack-förekomst i halspulsådrorna vid ultraljudsundersökning som markörer på hjärtkärlsjukdom. I det första delarbetet undersökte vi data för 5025 individer avseende blodtryck och förhöjt blodsocker. Både mottagnings- och hemblodtryck var associerat med förhöjt blodsocker. Deltagare med förhöjt blodsocker hade oftare MH jämfört med de med normalt blodsocker, och skillnaden mellan mottagnings- och hemblodtrycket var omvänt associerat med långtidsblodsocker. Fynden var i linje med tidigare forskning, och stärkte kända kopplingar mellan MH och förhöjt blodsocker. Förklaringarna till detta samband är okända, men möjliga sådana inkluderar selektiva effekter av blodtryckssänkande läkemedel hos individer med förhöjt blodsocker, samsjukligheter såsom fetma, och aktivering av det sympatiska nervsystemet. I det andra delarbetet analyserade vi förekomst av och associationer för MH hos 4122 individer utan pågående blodtryckssänkande läkemedelsbehandling. Av dessa hade 4.2% MH, och dessa var oftare män och hade högre BMI än de med normalt blodtryck. Deltagare med MH hade också högre pulsvågshastighet och oftare förhöjt CACS. Associationen mellan MH och markörer för hjärt-kärlsjukdom var tidigare känd och styrktes av våra resultat. I det tredje delarbetet undersökte vi 4548 deltagare avseende två blodprovsmarkörer: en för blodplättsaktivitet, lösligt P-selektin i blodet, och en för inflammation, högkänsligt C-reaktivt protein (hsCRP). Både P-selektin och hsCRP var högre vid hypertoni, oavsett typ, jämfört med vid normalt blodtryck. Den kvartil av deltagarna som hade högst P-selektin hade oftare WCH och hypertoni både hemma och på mottagningen, jämfört med normalt blodtryck, och oftare förhöjt CACS och plack i halspulsådrorna. Associationen mellan P-selektin och högt blodtryck både hemma och på mottagningen var inte tidigare känd, och påverkades inte av justering för hsCRP, vilket antydde att den inte enbart förklarades av inflammation. I det fjärde och sista delarbetet inkluderas 28 friska individer i åldrarna 18 till 30 år. I en överkorsningsstudie bad vi deltagarna att dagligen under 2 veckor inta antingen lakrits med ett innehåll av 100 mg GA eller en kontrollprodukt utan lakrits. Deltagarna undersöktes med avseende på hemblodtryck, liksom hormonnivåer i blodet. Under lakrits- jämfört med kontrollperioden steg det systoliska hemblodtrycket med 3,1 mmHg, och hormonnivåerna påverkades på ett sätt som talade för att GA påverkade blodtrycket. Sammanfattningsvis stärker studiernas resultat kunskapen om att blodtrycksmätning både på mottagningen och i hemmet är värdefullt både var för sig och tillsammans, och att hemblodtryck är särskilt värdefullt hos individer med förhöjt blodsocker eller övervikt, samt hos män. Slutligen visade sig små mängder lakrits påverka kroppen mer än tidigare känt, och ökad medvetenhet och bättre etikettering av lakritsprodukter kan vara befogad.

Download or read book Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction An Issue of Cardiology Clinics E Book written by Scott L. Hummel and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-10-13 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Scott Hummel and Matthew Konerman bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); cardiopulmonary stress testing in HFpEF; hemodynamic assessment in HFpEF; the role of multi-modality imaging in the evaluation of HFpEF; and more. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and device therapy for HFpEF; geriatric domains in patients with HFpEF; pulmonary hypertension in HFpEF; infiltrative, genetic, and other non-standard causes of HFpEF; echocardiography in HFpEF; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Download or read book Early Vascular Aging EVA written by Pedro Guimarães Cunha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA. Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Prehypertension and Cardiometabolic Syndrome written by Reuven Zimlichman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on the management of patients with borderline cardiovascular risk factors in order to prevent their progression to end organ damage. The book stimulates discussion of this poorly understood condition and lays the groundwork for developing recommendations and guidelines. While the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to full-blown diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity is well defined, there is still a lack of clear understanding and guidelines as far as patients with borderline conditions – especially when multiple – are concerned. Moreover, end-organ damage depends on several factors, including genetic factors, making it difficult to predict its extent. As such, the gradual transition from a healthy subject to one with functional hemodynamic changes, and then one with structurally asymptomatic changes and lastly to overt disease needs further investigation. In order to address these knowledge gaps, the book covers a broad variety of topics, making it a valuable tool for identifying which asymptomatic subjects could profit from being appropriately screened and at what stage. Furthermore it offers insights into better treating these patients to prevent their progression to overt disease. The book appeals to cardiologists, primary care physicians and all those healthcare professional looking to optimize the management of these complex and often undiagnosed cases.

Download or read book Vessel Health and Preservation The Right Approach for Vascular Access written by Nancy L. Moureau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open access book offers updated and revised information on vessel health and preservation (VHP), a model concept first published in poster form in 2008 and in JVA in 2012, which has received a great deal of attention, especially in the US, UK and Australia. The book presents a model and a new way of thinking applied to vascular access and administration of intravenous treatment, and shows how establishing and maintaining a route of access to the bloodstream is essential for patients in acute care today. Until now, little thought has been given to an intentional process to guide selection, insertion and management of vascular access devices (VADs) and by default actions are based on crisis management when a quickly selected VAD fails. The book details how VHP establishes a framework or pathway model for each step of the patient experience, intentionally guiding, improving and eliminating risk when possible. The evidence points to the fact that reducing fragmentation, establishing a pathway, and teaching the process to all stakeholders reduces complications with intravenous therapy, improves efficiency and diminishes cost. As such this book appeals to bedside nurses, physicians and other health professionals.

Download or read book Stress and Cardiovascular Disease written by Paul Hjemdahl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this book is to evaluate the concept of stress and provide tools for physicians to identify patients who might benefit from stress management. This will incorporate a detailed description of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic stress that might lead to cardiovascular disease. The book will aim to critically evaluate interventional research (behavioural and other therapies) and provide evidence based recommendations on how to manage stress in the cardiovascular patient. Our intentions are to define and highlight stress as an etiological factor for cardiovascular disease, and to describe an evidence based "tool box" that physicians may use to identify and manage patients in whom stress may be an important contributing factor for their disease and their risk of suffering cardiovascular complications.

Download or read book Biology of the Arterial Wall written by Bernard I. Levy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of the Arterial Wall is intended as a general reference text concerned with the biology of the vascular cells and the blood vessel wall under physiological and pathological conditions. One of the major functions of the arteries is to maintain a continuous blood flow to the organs whatever the pressure conditions, thanks to the vasomotor tone of the smooth muscle cells. Great advances have been made over the last decade in the understanding of the endothelial cells as integrators and transducers of signals originating from the blood stream. The pluripotent control functions of the endothelial cells in the vessel wall are now well recognized. A review of endothelial functions and dysfunctions is presented. Cell biology and molecular genetic studies have now identified an array of molecules elaborated by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells and by the blood-borne elements which interact with artery cells, defending the artery against injury and modulating evolving abnormal processes. Molecules which induce or inhibit endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells are currently under great scrutiny. Angiogenesis, which plays a major role in tumor growth, but may also be beneficial as a healing process in muscle ischemia, is discussed. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, has only recently been recognized as an essential process in blood vessel modeling and remodeling. An overview of apoptosis in the vascular system is presented. It is increasingly evident that the adjustments of the blood vessel wall are made in the presence of deforming disease processes such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The second part of the book is concerned with the blood vessel wall in disease conditions. Several chapters review the role of the vessel and vascular cells in inflammation, and vascular remodeling during arterial hypertension and aging. One chapter is devoted to atherogenesis, atheroma and plaque instability, followed by the pathophysiology of post-angioplasty restenosis, which is a crucial issue in modern interventional cardiology.

Download or read book Pulse Waves written by Paolo Salvi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new, revised and updated edition takes into account the most recent advances in the understanding of human pathophysiology. The book presents the complex basic principles of vascular hemodynamics and its pathophysiologie in a direct and effective way, stressing the importance of the mechanical properties of large arteries in the origin of blood pressure. The readily understandable text, supported by helpful images, describes the elements that define blood pressure and explains such important concepts as pulse wave velocity, central blood pressure, reflected waves, and pulse pressure amplification. Entirely new chapters are included on the sympathetic nervous system and arterial stiffness and on the role played by arterial stiffness in influencing blood pressure variability. The book will enable the physician to answer some of the key questions encountered when addressing the problem of arterial hypertension in everyday clinical practice: How is blood pressure generated? How should blood pressure values be interpreted? Is systolic blood pressure of greater importance than diastolic blood pressure?

Download or read book Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy Physiology and Devices written by Paul A. Iaizzo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest information on the anatomic features, underlying physiologic mechanisms, and treatments for diseases of the heart. Key chapters address animal models for cardiac research, cardiac mapping systems, heart-valve disease and genomics-based tools and technology. Once again, a companion of supplementary videos offer unique insights into the working heart that enhance the understanding of key points within the text. Comprehensive and state-of-the art, the Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices, Third Edition provides clinicians and biomedical engineers alike with the authoritative information and background they need to work on and implement tomorrow’s generation of life-saving cardiac devices.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Biomechanics written by Peter R. Hoskins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a balanced presentation of the fundamental principles of cardiovascular biomechanics research, as well as its valuable clinical applications. Pursuing an integrated approach at the interface of the life sciences, physics and engineering, it also includes extensive images to explain the concepts discussed. With a focus on explaining the underlying principles, this book examines the physiology and mechanics of circulation, mechanobiology and the biomechanics of different components of the cardiovascular system, in-vivo techniques, in-vitro techniques, and the medical applications of this research. Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students and including sample problems at the end of each chapter, this interdisciplinary text provides an essential introduction to the topic. It is also an ideal reference text for researchers and clinical practitioners, and will benefit a wide range of students and researchers including engineers, physicists, biologists and clinicians who are interested in the area of cardiovascular biomechanics.

Download or read book Applied Cardiovascular Physiology written by Michael Pinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise yet complete overview of the treatment of cardiovascular instability in the critically ill patient. The authors consider all aspects, ranging from basic physiology and pathophysiology to diagnostic tools and established and novel forms of therapy. The whole is rounded off with an integration of these principles into a series of clinically relevant scenarios.

Download or read book PanVascular Medicine written by Peter Lanzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 5004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.

Download or read book The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology written by Rob Krams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology is a rich and clearly laid-out guide by leading European scientists providing comprehensive information on vascular physiology, disease, and research.