Download or read book Tetanus Surveillance United States 1998 2000 written by Margaret M. Cortese and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PROBLEM/CONDITION: Tetanus is a severe and often fatal infection. The incidence of reported cases in the United States has declined steadily since introduction of tetanus toxoid vaccines in the 1940s. REPORTING PERIOD: This report covers surveillance data for 1998--2000. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Physician-diagnosed cases of tetanus were reported to CDC's National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Supplemental clinical and epidemiologic information were provided by states. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: During 1998--2000, an average of 43 cases of tetanus was reported annually; the average annual incidence was 0.16 cases/million population. The highest average annual incidence of reported tetanus was among persons aged >60 years (0.35 cases/million population), persons of Hispanic ethnicity (0.37 cases/million population), and older adults known to have diabetes (0.70 cases/million population). Fifteen percent of the cases were among injection-drug users. The case-fatality ratio was 18% among 113 patients with known outcome; 75% of the deaths were among patients aged >60 years. No deaths occurred among those who were up-to-date with tetanus toxoid vaccination. Seventy-three percent of 129 cases with known injury information available reported an acute injury; of these, only 37% sought medical care for the acute injury, and only 63% of those eligible received tetanus toxoid for wound prophylaxis. INTERPRETATION: The majority of tetanus cases occurred among persons inadequately vaccinated or with unknown vaccination history who sustained an acute injury. Adults aged >60 years were at highest risk for tetanus and tetanus-related death. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Tetanus is preventable through routine vaccination (i.e., primary series and decennial boosters) and appropriate management. A shortage of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine that began during 2000 ended in 2002. Efforts by health-care providers are warranted to vaccinate persons with delayed or incomplete vaccination, with emphasis on older persons and persons with high-risk conditions.
Download or read book Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases 2013 written by Sandra W. Roush and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, updated through 2013, provides current guidelines for those directly involved in surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases, especially personnel at the local health departments. For each of the vaccine-preventable diseases, this manual includes a chapter describing the importance of rapid case identification; the importance of surveillance; disease reduction goals; case definitions (including clinical description and case classifications); epidemiologically important data to be collected during case investigation; activities for enhancing surveillance; activities for case investigation; and activities for outbreak control. Other chapters include information on surveillance indicators; surveillance data analyses; reporting adverse events following vaccination; and enhancing surveillance. In addition, the manual includes a section reserved for insertion of state-specific guidance for VPD surveillance and extensive appendices. This manual was first developed in 1996 to provide general guidance to state and local health department personnel who are involved in surveillance activities for vaccine-preventable diseases. This manual answers commonly asked questions regarding the surveillance and reporting of vaccine-preventable diseases and provides information on enhancing existing surveillance systems.
Download or read book Adverse Effects of Vaccines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.
Download or read book Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine preventable Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Tetanus Elimination written by Pan American Health Organization and published by Pan American Health Org. This book was released on 2005 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is one of a series of practical field guides produced by the Pan American Health Organization with best practice guidance for immunisation programmes in the region. This guide describes the strategies that have made the elimination of neonatal tetanus in the Americas possible, highlighting the progress made in surveillance to identify and monitor high-risk areas as well as immunisation activities geared towards women of childbearing age who live in those areas. Sections cover: epidemiology, clinical aspects, case definitions and investigations, surveillance, data analysis, control in high risk areas, programme monitoring, vaccine storage and supply.
Download or read book The Anthrax Vaccine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licensed in 1970. It was initially used to protect people who might be exposed to anthrax where they worked, such as veterinarians and textile plant workers who process animal hair. When the U. S. military began to administer the vaccine, then extended a plan for the mandatory vaccination of all U. S. service members, some raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of AVA and the manufacture of the vaccine. In response to these and other concerns, Congress directed the Department of Defense to support an independent examination of AVA. The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? reports the study's conclusion that the vaccine is acceptably safe and effective in protecting humans against anthrax. The book also includes a description of advances needed in main areas: improving the way the vaccine is now used, expanding surveillance efforts to detect side effects from its use, and developing a better vaccine.
Download or read book Immunization Safety Review written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-11-26 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunization Safety Review Committee was established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to evaluate the evidence on possible causal associations between immunizations and certain adverse outcomes, and to then present conclusions and recommendations. The committee's mandate also includes assessing the broader societal significance of these immunization safety issues. While all the committee members share the view that immunization is generally beneficial, none of them has a vested interest in the specific immunization safety issues that come before the group. The committee reviews three immunization safety review topics each year, addressing each one at a time. In this fifth report in a series, the committee examines the hypothesis that exposure to polio vaccine contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40), a virus that causes inapparent infection in some monkeys, can cause certain types of cancer.
Download or read book IAP Textbook of Vaccines written by Vipin M Vashishtha and published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control written by C. Glen Mayhall and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 5027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, this highly acclaimed volume is the most comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
Download or read book Tetanus written by Patrick Guilfoile and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses tetanus, including causes, symptoms, treatment, and preventative measures.
Download or read book Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology written by Alexander Krämer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly a day goes by without news headlines concerning infectious disease threats. Currently the spectre of a pandemic of influenza A|H1N1 is raising its head, and heated debates are taking place about the pro’s and con’s of vaccinating young girls against human papilloma virus. For an evidence-based and responsible communication of infectious disease topics to avoid misunderstandings and overreaction of the public, we need solid scientific knowledge and an understanding of all aspects of infectious diseases and their control. The aim of our book is to present the reader with the general picture and the main ideas of the subject. The book introduces the reader to methodological aspects of epidemiology that are specific for infectious diseases and provides insight into the epidemiology of some classes of infectious diseases characterized by their main modes of transmission. This choice of topics bridges the gap between scientific research on the clinical, biological, mathematical, social and economic aspects of infectious diseases and their applications in public health. The book will help the reader to understand the impact of infectious diseases on modern society and the instruments that policy makers have at their disposal to deal with these challenges. It is written for students of the health sciences, both of curative medicine and public health, and for experts that are active in these and related domains, and it may be of interest for the educated layman since the technical level is kept relatively low.
Download or read book Cry for Health Volume 1 Health written by Jesse Sleeman and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2011 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1950s the prevalence of the so-called 'diseases of civilisation' has continued to skyrocket in Western countries. Today, as the same story is beginning to be repeated in newly industrialised nations, modern diseases are reaching pandemic proportions. Why has this happened? The medical profession's spin is that the culprit is the aging of the population. But, as Cry for Health (Vol 1) reveals, there is overwhelming evidence for why our populations are ailing, evidence health authorities and governments have chosen to ignore, or have refused to acknowledge, or have kept hidden from the public to keep them clueless to the real culprits: many modern technologies and our modern lifestyles.
Download or read book Irwin and Rippe s Intensive Care Medicine written by Richard S. Irwin and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 5735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on evidence-based, state-of-the-art information throughout, the eighth edition of Irwin and Rippe’s Intensive Care Medicine offers authoritative guidance to the wide variety of specialty physicians and non-physicians practicing in the adult intensive care environment. This comprehensive textbook covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of the field, and has been completely updated to provide encyclopedic, interprofessional coverage to support practitioners in every area of this complex field.
Download or read book Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine preventable Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marsden s Book of Movement Disorders written by Ivan Donaldson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marsden's Book of Movement Disorders covers the full breadth of movement disorders, from the underlying anatomy and understanding of basal ganglia function to the diagnosis and management of specific movement disorders, including the more common conditions such as Parkinson's Disease through to very rare conditions such as Niemann-Pick disease.
Download or read book Manson s Tropical Diseases written by Gordon Charles Cook and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 1851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing the latest coverage on emerging and re-emerging diseases from around the world, such as tuberculosis and malaria, this updated guide contains boxes and tables that highlight key information on current therapies. This edition includes online access for more information.
