Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 413 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity 90 day Study written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised Test Guideline has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route for a subchronic duration (90 days), and to provide robust data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. Groups of 10 male and 10 ...

Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document 116 on the Conduct and Design of Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies Supporting Test Guidelines 451 452 and 453 Second edition written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance provides additional information on the conduct of studies performed using Test Guidelines 451, 452 and Test Guideline 453.

Download or read book Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products written by Manuel C. Peitsch and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products (ENDP) discusses the scientific basis for the toxicological assessment and evaluation of ENDPs. The book covers aerosol chemistry, in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical studies. It provides the basis for the evaluation of short and long term-effects, along with relative risks. It also examines the potential role of ENDPs in tobacco harm reduction and how they may reduce the risk of disease in smokers who switch to them. This book is a comprehensive resource for toxicologists, health practitioners and public health professionals who want the scientific information necessary to assess the relative risk of ENDPs when compared with cigarette smoking and cessation. - Delivers a comprehensive overview of current state of science - Offers an integrated analysis of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products - Provides guidance for methodologies

Download or read book Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union written by Tim Marrs and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer and environmental protection depend on the careful regulation of all classes of chemicals. Toxicology is the key science used to evaluate safety and so underpins regulatory decisions on chemicals. With the growing body of EU legislation involved in chemical regulation, there is a concomitant need to understand the toxicological principles underlying safety assessments. Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union is the first book to cover regulatory toxicology specifically in Europe. It addresses the need for a wider understanding of the principles of regulatory toxicology and their application and presents the relationship between toxicology and legislative processes in regulating chemical commodities across Europe. This title has a broad scope, covering historical and current chemical regulation in Europe, the role of European agencies and institutions, and also the use of toxicology data for important classes of chemicals, including human and veterinary medicines, animal feed and food additives, biocides, pesticides and nanomaterials. This book is therefore extremely pertinent and timely in the toxicology field at present. This book is an essential reference for regulatory authorities, industrialists, academics, undergraduates and postgraduates working within safety and hazards, toxicology, the biological sciences, and the medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences across the European Union.

Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Fish Toxicity Testing Framework written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents a review of fish toxicity testing for the regulatory purpose of chemical safety. The main focus is on fish toxicity, but fish bioaccumulation is also considered where relevant.

Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Luis M. Botana and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins. Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.

Download or read book In Vivo Inhalation Toxicity Screening Methods for Manufactured Nanomaterials written by Toru Takebayashi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume discusses the short-term inhalation study (STIS) and intratracheal administration, the two major in vivo inhalation-toxicity screening methods, which play an important role in efficient hazard evaluation. It also provides a general overview of the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials and related issues. For each screening method, it provides up-to-date information on the test procedures, interpretation of the test results, useful applications, and related technologies. In view of the increasing variety of nanomaterials in practical use, the book offers a basis for building a framework for grouping and read-across assessments of nanomaterials. With contributions by academic and industrial experts, In vivo Inhalation Toxicity Screening Methods for Manufactured Nanomaterials is a pragmatic reference resource for readers who are responsible for assessing the safety of nanomaterials in R&D and business, as well as researchers.

Download or read book Nanomedicine Nanotheranostics and Nanobiotechnology written by Rishi Paliwal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-30 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanosized particles explored for therapeutics and diagnosis-related research areas need the latest updated information for budding researchers as well as academicians. Nanomedicine, nanotheranostics, and nanobiotechnology have been contemporary technological tools for diverse biomedical, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic solutions. The present book is divided into two sections. The first section is dedicated to exclusive book chapters related to nanomedicine such as its history, regulatory aspects, scale-up, and regulatory toxicology. Additionally, this section includes chapters focusing on the application domain of nanomedicine for targeted cancer therapy, rheumatoid arthritis management, psoriasis treatment, ocular delivery, topical applications, oral bioavailability enhancement, and pulmonary delivery. The second section is composed of chapters in the area of nanotheranostics and applications of nanobiotechnology. In brief, the latest topics such as gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and therapy, nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, carbon nanotubes for gene delivery, nanoparticles for vaccine delivery, nanobiotechnology in cell-based nanomedicines, nanotechnology in regenerative medicine, and nanocarriers in delivery of proteins and peptides are complied. KEY FEATURES A total of 26 emerging topics are covered in the book on cutting-edge research areas at the multi-disciplinary level. The chapters focus on fundamentals and applications, making the book attractive for beginners as well as experts. The chapters are written by well-known experts of the field in a simple scientific style with figures, schemes, and illustrations.

Download or read book Guidance Document on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a tool to support regulatory authorities’ decisions on the hazard of specific chemicals when they receive test results from a Test Guideline (TG) or draft TG for the screening/testing of chemicals for endocrine disrupting properties.

Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals.

Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the state of knowledge of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins, assesses the weight-of-evidence supporting the AOP, identifies the key events, and identifies databases containing test results related to key events.

Download or read book The Practice of Consumer Exposure Assessment written by Gerhard Heinemeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book closes a current gap by providing the scientific basis for consumer exposure assessment in the context of regulatory risk assessment. Risk is defined as the likelihood of an event occurring and the severity of its effects. The margin between the dose that leads to toxic effects and the actual dose of a chemical is identified by estimating population exposure. The objective of this book is to provide an introduction into the scientific principles of consumer exposure assessment, and to describe the methods used to estimate doses of chemicals, the statistics applied and computer tools needed. This is presented through the backgrounds of the special fields in exposure analysis, such as exposure via food and by the use of consumer products, toys, clothing and other items. As a general concept, human exposure is also understood to include exposure via the environment and from the work setting. In this context, the specific features of consumer exposure are pointed out and put into the context of regulation, in particular food safety, chemicals safety (REACh) and consumer product safety. The book is structured into three parts: The first part deals with the general concepts of consumer exposure as part of the overall risk analysis framework of risk characterization, risk assessment and risk communication. It describes the three basic features of exposure assessment (i) the exposure scenario (ii) the exposure model and (iii) the exposure parameters, addressing external and internal exposure. Also, the statistical presentation of data to characterize populations, in connection with variability, uncertainty and quality of information and the presentation of exposure evaluation results is described. The second part deals with the specific issues of exposure assessment, exposure via food consumption, exposure from use of consumer products, household products, toys, cosmetic products, textiles, pesticides and others. This part also covers methods for acquisition of data for exposure estimations, including the relevant information from regulations needed to perform an accurate exposure assessment. The third part portrays a prospect for further needs in the development and improvement of consumer exposure assessment, as well as international activities and descriptions of the work of institutions that are involved in exposure assessment on the regulatory and scientific level. And conversely, it creates the rationale for the exposure assessment details necessary to satisfy regulatory needs such as derivation of upper limits and risk management issues.

Download or read book Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern written by Marc Williams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a compendium of chemical-specific toxicity information with discussions on the rationale and development of Wildlife Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) intended for use on terrestrial wildlife for risk assessment applications. Substances covered include military-related chemicals including explosives, propellants, pesticides and metals. Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a much-needed resource designed to meet the needs of those seeking toxicological information for ecological risk assessment purposes. Each chapter targets a specific chemical and considers the current knowledge of the toxicological impacts of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife including mammalian, avian, amphibian and reptilian species. - Provides detailed information on how Wildlife Toxicity Values (TRVs) for military chemicals of concern are derived and evaluated. - Covers wildlife toxicity assessments of explosives, metals and environmental chemicals. - Compiles relevant information on the environmental effects of chemicals on wildlife in relation to public and environmental health.

Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 453 Combined Chronic Toxicity Carcinogenicity Studies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for ...

Download or read book Test No 489 In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, also called alkaline Comet Assay is a method measuring DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells.

Download or read book Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA.

Download or read book Essentials of Pharmatoxicology in Drug Research Volume 1 written by Rakesh Kumar Tekade and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicity and Toxicodynamics, Volume One in the Essentials of Pharmatoxicology in Drug Research series provides an overview on the essentials of toxicology, risk assessment and the mechanisms. Topics discussed include the types of cellular responses to chemical toxicants, mechanisms of drug toxicity, and their relevance to pharmaceutical product development. The book examines omics and computer-aided technologies for mechanistic and predictive toxicology and covers state-of-art testing in the evaluation of detrimental pathways, dose selection in toxicity studies, as well as the role of regulatory agencies in toxicity studies. In addition, there is also discussion on clinical interventions such as pharmacotherapy and managed care strategies for acute poisoning. This volume is a valuable resource to those learning more about the drug development process related to toxicology and those who want to get an update on newer concepts on the toxicology aspect of drug research. - Examines toxicological risk assessment in drug research - Discusses toxicity mechanisms - Covers risk assessment and the use of omics and computational technologies in mechanistic and predictive toxicology - Offers clinical interventions and managed care as a result of toxic injury and acute poisoning