Download or read book Terahertz and Mid Infrared Radiation Detection of Explosives and CBRN Using Terahertz written by Mauro F. Pereira and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reader will find here a timely update on new THz sources and detection schemes as well as concrete applications to the detection of Explosives and CBRN. Included is a method to identify hidden RDX-based explosives (pure and plastic ones) in the frequency domain study by Fourier Transformation, which has been complemented by the demonstration of improvement of the quality of the images captured commercially available THz passive cameras. The presented examples show large potential for the detection of small hidden objects at long distances (6-10 m). Complementing the results in the short-wavelength range, laser spectroscopy with a mid-infrared, room temperature, continuous wave, DFB laser diode and high performance DFB QCL have been demonstrated to offer excellent enabling sensor technologies for environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, industrial and security applications. From the new source point of view a number of systems have been presented - From superconductors to semiconductors, e.g. Detection of Terahertz Waves from Superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Intrinsic Josephson Junctions. The quest for a compact room temperature THz source and the recent advances in high power mid-IR QCLs lead to the development of a semiconductor THz source based on intracavity difference frequency generation. Furthermore, alternative electrically pumped THz sources based on the high emission efficiency predicted for polaritonic states in the ultra-strong coupling regime led to the demonstration of electroluminescent devices. Finally, antipolaritons in dispersive media were discussed and different aspects of the interaction of THz radiation with biomatter were presented.
Download or read book Terahertz THz Mid Infrared MIR and Near Infrared NIR Technologies for Protection of Critical Infrastructures Against Explosives and CBRN written by Mauro Fernandes Pereira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical infrastructures are targets for terrorism and deliver a valuable vector through which the proliferation of CBRN and explosive precursors can be detected. Recent technological breakthroughs, notably in the field of near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR), Terahertz (THz) and Gigahertz (GHz) sources and detectors, have led to rugged commercial devices, capable of standoff sensing a range of these dangerous substances. However, at the same time criminal and terrorist organizations have also benefited from the availability of technologies to increase the threat they pose to the security of citizens and a concerted effort is needed to improve early detection measures to identify activities, such as the production of homemade explosives or CBRN that can be potentially dangerous to society. The key global technological bottleneck to be overcome is the current lack of integration and networking of mature detection technology into early warning systems for critical infrastructures. Thus, this book brings together complementary information connecting the research of leading teams working on critical Infrastructure protection with academic developers and industrial producers of state of the art sensors.
Download or read book THz for CBRN and Explosives Detection and Diagnosis written by Mauro F. Pereira and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-02 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is intended to jointly address the development, realization and applications of emitters and detectors of terahertz (THz-0.3 THz up to 10 THz) and their application to diagnostics of CBRN effects and detection of explosives and CBRN. Hazardous substances typically exhibit rotational and vibrational transitions in this region, hence giving access to spectroscopic analysis of a large variety of molecules which play a key role in security as well as various other areas, e.g. air pollution, climate research, industrial process control, agriculture, food industry, workplace safety and medical diagnostics can be monitored by sensing and identifying them via THz (0.3 to 10 THz) and mid infrared (MIR-10 THz to 100 THz) absorption “finger prints”. Most plastics, textiles and paper are nearly transparent for THz radiation.
Download or read book Field effect Self mixing Terahertz Detectors written by Jiandong Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive device model considering both spatial distributions of the terahertz field and the field-effect self-mixing factor has been constructed for the first time in the thesis. The author has found that it is the strongly localized terahertz field induced in a small fraction of the gated electron channel that plays an important role in the high responsivity. An AlGaN/GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistor with a 2-micron-sized gate and integrated dipole antennas has been developed and can offer a noise-equivalent power as low as 40 pW/Hz1/2 at 900 GHz. By further reducing the gate length down to 0.2 micron, a noise-equivalent power of 6 pW/Hz1/2 has been achieved. This thesis provides detailed experimental techniques and device simulation for revealing the self-mixing mechanism including a scanning probe technique for evaluating the effectiveness of terahertz antennas. As such, the thesis could be served as a valuable introduction towards further development of high-sensitivity field-effect terahertz detectors for practical applications.
Download or read book Functional Nanostructures and Sensors for CBRN Defence and Environmental Safety and Security written by Anatolie Sidorenko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, techniques for materials preparation and processing at nanometer scale have advanced rapidly, leading to the introduction of novel principles for a new generation of sensors and detectors. At the same time, the chemical industry, transport and agriculture produce huge amounts of dangerous waste gases and liquids, leading to soil, air and water contamination. One more modern threat - international terrorism - demands that scientists make efforts to apply new principles and technologies to protect society against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) attacks and to develop novel effective technologies for the remediation of large contaminated areas. Accordingly, the main goal of this book is to bring together experts (theorists, experimentalists, engineers and technologists) for an extensive discussion covering: novel principles for functional nanostructures and detector fabrication and implementation, the development of novel technologies for the deactivation of CBRN agents, their experimental realization and their application in novel monitoring and control systems, and technological processes for soil and water remediation, with a view to environmental protection and defence against CBRN-based terrorism. In keeping with the book’s main goal, the following topics are highlighted and discussed: - Sensors and detectors - detection of chemicals, principles of “artificial nose” and chemical “micro-lab on a chip” design, surface and underground water quality monitoring systems, molecular electronics, superconducting electronic devices, quantum detectors and Qubits. - Environmental protection and CBRN - detection of infrared, microwave, X-ray and terahertz radiation. Principles for novel IR-, UV-, and Terahertz-wave devices for the detection of low-contrast objects. - Novel technological processes for CBRN destruction and deactivation. All these topics are strongly interrelated, both with regard to fundamental aspects and to fabrication and implementation technologies; in addition, they are highly promising for application in novel functional devices, computer logics, sensing and detection of low-concentration chemicals, weak and extremely weak magnetic and microwave fields, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Given its scope, the book will be a useful and interesting guide for a broad readership of engineers, scientists, PhD students and experts in the area of defence against environmental terrorism.
Download or read book Contemporary Optoelectronics written by Oleksiy Shulika and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of extended contributions on the physics and application of optoelectronic materials and metamaterials. The book is divided into three parts, respectively covering materials, metamaterials and optoelectronic devices. Individual chapters cover topics including phonon-polariton interaction, semiconductor and nonlinear organic materials, metallic, dielectric and gyrotropic metamaterials, singular optics, parity-time symmetry, nonlinear plasmonics, microstructured optical fibers, passive nonlinear shaping of ultrashort pulses, and pulse-preserving supercontinuum generation. The book contains both experimental and theoretical studies, and each contribution is a self-contained exposition of a particular topic, featuring an extensive reference list. The book will be a useful resource for graduate and postgraduate students, researchers and engineers involved in optoelectronics/photonics, quantum electronics, optics, and adjacent areas of science and technology.
Download or read book 3rd International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering written by Victor Sontea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering which was held on September 23-26, 2015 in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. ICNBME-2015 continues the series of International Conferences in the field of nanotechnologies and biomedical engineering. It aims at bringing together scientists and engineers dealing with fundamental and applied research for reporting on the latest theoretical developments and applications involved in the fields. Topics include Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials Plasmonics and metamaterials Bio-micro/nano technologies Biomaterials Biosensors and sensors systems Biomedical instrumentation Biomedical signal processing Biomedical imaging and image processing Molecular, cellular and tissue engineering Clinical engineering, health technology management and assessment; Health informatics, e-health and telemedicine Biomedical engineering education Nuclear and radiation safety and security Innovations and technology transfer
Download or read book Handbook of Systems Engineering and Risk Management in Control Systems Communication Space Technology Missile Security and Defense Operations written by Anna M. Doro-on and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides multifaceted components and full practical perspectives of systems engineering and risk management in security and defense operations with a focus on infrastructure and manpower control systems, missile design, space technology, satellites, intercontinental ballistic missiles, and space security. While there are many existing selections of systems engineering and risk management textbooks, there is no existing work that connects systems engineering and risk management concepts to solidify its usability in the entire security and defense actions. With this book Dr. Anna M. Doro-on rectifies the current imbalance. She provides a comprehensive overview of systems engineering and risk management before moving to deeper practical engineering principles integrated with newly developed concepts and examples based on industry and government methodologies. The chapters also cover related points including design principles for defeating and deactivating improvised explosive devices and land mines and security measures against kinds of threats. The book is designed for systems engineers in practice, political risk professionals, managers, policy makers, engineers in other engineering fields, scientists, decision makers in industry and government and to serve as a reference work in systems engineering and risk management courses with focus on security and defense operations.
Download or read book Risk Assessment and Security for Pipelines Tunnels and Underground Rail and Transit Operations written by Anna M. Doro-on and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk Assessment and Security for Pipelines, Tunnels, and Underground Rail and Transit Operations details a quantitative risk assessment methodology for systematically analyzing various alternatives for protecting underground rail, oil and gas pipelines, pipeline freight transportation, and other tunnel systems from terrorism threats and other disasters. It examines the engineering, environmental, and economic impacts and addresses both direct and collateral damage. The book describes how to employ the methodology of quantitative psychology for effectively assessing risk in homeland security, defense actions, and critical infrastructure protection. Using pipelines, tunnels, underground rapid rail, and transit systems as examples, it maintains an emphasis on applying quantitative psychology to risk management in the areas of homeland security and defense. Outlines the background and system operations of pipelines, tunnels, underground rail, and transit systems as well as other super-speed futuristic trains Covers materials used for fabricating weapons of mass destruction and operations for terrorism Deals with the probabilistic risk estimation process, event tree analysis, and fault tree analysis Discusses the risk and vulnerability assessment tools and methodologies used by experts and governmental agencies Approved for public release by the U.S. Federal Government, this book presents regulations, standard processes, and risk assessment models recommended by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and other federal and state agencies. Describing how to evaluate terrorism threats and warnings, it details protocols for preventive measures and emergency preparedness plans that are based on economic analysis. With comprehensive coverage that includes risk estimation and risk acceptability analysis, the book provides a foundational understanding of risk and the various defensive systems that can improve safety and security as well as thwart terrorists’ efforts to sabotage critical infrastructure.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Semiconductor Devices written by Massimo Rudan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Springer Handbook comprehensively covers the topic of semiconductor devices, embracing all aspects from theoretical background to fabrication, modeling, and applications. Nearly 100 leading scientists from industry and academia were selected to write the handbook's chapters, which were conceived for professionals and practitioners, material scientists, physicists and electrical engineers working at universities, industrial R&D, and manufacturers. Starting from the description of the relevant technological aspects and fabrication steps, the handbook proceeds with a section fully devoted to the main conventional semiconductor devices like, e.g., bipolar transistors and MOS capacitors and transistors, used in the production of the standard integrated circuits, and the corresponding physical models. In the subsequent chapters, the scaling issues of the semiconductor-device technology are addressed, followed by the description of novel concept-based semiconductor devices. The last section illustrates the numerical simulation methods ranging from the fabrication processes to the device performances. Each chapter is self-contained, and refers to related topics treated in other chapters when necessary, so that the reader interested in a specific subject can easily identify a personal reading path through the vast contents of the handbook.
Download or read book TERA MIR 2009 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous Wave Terahertz Frequency Spectroscopy and Imaging for Explosives Detection and Security Screenings written by Michael Andrei Startsev and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Terahertz Data Processing for Standoff Detection of Improvised Explosive Devices written by Amit Bipin Shah and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are homemade, non-conventional explosive devices, which are used to destruct and incapacitate individuals and property. IEDs are becoming a popular weapon of attack among terrorists and insurgents due to their easy of making and capability to cause major damage. Hence, is has become necessary to develop efficient systems for detecting and disarming these devices. The Terahertz technology which uses electromagnetic radiations between 0.3 THz to 10 THz for imaging is one of the most recently developed detection techniques and is ideally suitable for detection of IEDs and similar devices. Although a lot of work has been done for developing a standoff detection system for detecting IEDs using Terahertz imaging, it is still needed to develop advanced techniques for processing of the THz data. In this thesis, efficient signal processing techniques are developed for standoff, real time and wide area detection of IEDs. The signal processing algorithm is a two stage algorithm where the first stage is a preprocessing stage. In this stage, THz data from a large field is given to the correlation filters which detect hotspots in the field where an IED could be present. This stage avoids the computational burden of processing data from the entire field in the second stage. In the second stage, THz data from the hotspots of stage one are unmixed to find the individual explosive materials in each data point/pixel. The unmixing is done using a variant of the Independent Component Analysis algorithm which separates only the required component. Once the components are separated, they are analyzed to see if any of them matches an explosive. Thus, the presence of an IED or explosive can be accurately determined within the field"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Download or read book Assessment of Millimeter wave and Terahertz Technology for Detection and Identification of Concealed Explosive and Weapons written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field effect Self mixing Terahertz Detectors written by Jiandong Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive device model considering both spatial distributions of the terahertz field and the field-effect self-mixing factor has been constructed for the first time in the thesis. The author has found that it is the strongly localized terahertz field induced in a small fraction of the gated electron channel that plays an important role in the high responsivity. An AlGaN/GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistor with a 2-micron-sized gate and integrated dipole antennas has been developed and can offer a noise-equivalent power as low as 40 pW/Hz1/2 at 900 GHz. By further reducing the gate length down to 0.2 micron, a noise-equivalent power of 6 pW/Hz1/2 has been achieved. This thesis provides detailed experimental techniques and device simulation for revealing the self-mixing mechanism including a scanning probe technique for evaluating the effectiveness of terahertz antennas. As such, the thesis could be served as a valuable introduction towards further development of high-sensitivity field-effect terahertz detectors for practical applications.
Download or read book 21st Century Prometheus written by Maurizio Martellini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the evolving CBRN risk landscape and highlights advances in the “core” CBRN technologies, including when combined with (improvised) explosive devices (CBRNe threats). It analyses how associated technologies create new safety and security risks, challenging certain assumptions that underlie current control regimes. The book also shows how technologies can be enablers for more effective strategies to mitigate these risks. 21st-century safety and security risks emanating from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials – whether resulting from natural events, accidents or malevolent use - are increasingly shaped by technologies that enable their development, production or use in ways that differ from the past. Artificial intelligence, the use of cyberspace, the revolution in the life sciences, new manufacturing methods, new platforms and equipment for agent delivery, hypersonic weapons systems, information tools utilised in hybrid warfare – these and other technologies are reshaping the global security environment and CBRN landscape. They are leading to a growing potential for highly targeted violence, and they can lead to greater instability and vulnerability worldwide. At the same time, technology offers solutions to manage CBRN risks. Examples are faster detection, more accurate characterisation of the nature and origin of CBRN agents, new forensic investigation methods, or new medical treatments for victims of CBRN incidents. New educational concepts help to foster a culture of responsibility in science and technology and strengthen governance. New training methods help develop practical skills to manage CBRN risks more effectively. The book concludes that there is a growing need for a holistic framework towards CBRN risk mitigation. Traditional arms control mechanisms such as global, regional or bilateral treaties and export controls are still needed, as they provide a necessary legal and institutional framework. But laws and technology denial alone will not suffice, and institutional mechanisms can at times be weak. Given the pace of technological progress and the diffusion of critical knowledge, tools and materials, policymakers must accept that CBRN risks cannot be eliminated altogether. Instead, society has to learn to manage these risks and develop resilience against them. This requires a “softer”, broadly based multi-stakeholder approach involving governments, industry, the research and development communities, educators, and civil society. Furthermore, educating policymakers that cutting-edge technologies may seriously affect global strategic stability could create incentives for developing a more creative and contemporary arms control strategy that fosters cooperation rather than incremental polarisation.
Download or read book Aviation Security Privacy Data Protection and Other Human Rights Technologies and Legal Principles written by Olga Mironenko Enerstvedt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on aviation security, considering both technologies and legal principles. It considers the protection of individuals in particular their rights to privacy and data protection and raises aspects of international law, human rights and data security, among other relevant topics. Technologies and practices which arise in this volume include body scanners, camera surveillance, biometrics, profiling, behaviour analysis, and the transfer of air passenger personal data from airlines to state authorities. Readers are invited to explore questions such as: What right to privacy and data protection do air passengers have? How can air passenger rights be safeguarded, whilst also dealing appropriately with security threats at airports and in airplanes? Chapters explore these dilemmas and examine approaches to aviation security which may be transferred to other areas of transport or management of public spaces, thus making the issues dealt with here of paramou nt importance to privacy and human rights more broadly. The work presented here reveals current processes and tendencies in aviation security, such as globalization, harmonization of regulation, modernization of existing data privacy regulation, mechanisms of self-regulation, the growing use of Privacy by Design, and improving passenger experience. This book makes an important contribution to the debate on what can be considered proportionate security, taking into account concerns of privacy and related human rights including the right to health, freedom of movement, equal treatment and non-discrimination, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and the rights of the child. It will be of interest to graduates and researchers in areas of human rights, international law, data security and related areas of law or information science and technology. I think it will also be of interest to other categories (please see e.g. what the reviewers have written) "I think that the book would be of great appeal for airports managing bodies, regulators, Civil Aviation Authorities, Data Protection Authorities, air carriers, any kind of security companies, European Commission Transport Directorate, European Air Safety Agency (EASA), security equipment producers, security agencies like the US TSA, university researchers and teachers." "Lawyers (aviation, privacy and IT lawyers), security experts, aviation experts (security managers of airports, managers and officers from ANSPs and National Aviation Authorities), decision makers, policy makers (EASA, EUROCONTROL, EU commission)"
