Download or read book Temporal Reproductive Separation of Fluvial Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout from Rainbow Trout and Hybrids in the Yellowstone River written by James N. DeRito and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvierii are genomically extinct throughout much of their historic range because of displacement by and introgression with introduced rainbow trout O. mykiss. However, fluvial Yellowstone cutthroat trout still retain their genetic integrity while coexisting with rainbow trout in the Yellowstone River. We assessed whether spatial or temporal reproductive isolation, or both, occurs between these taxa. Time and place of spawning was determined by radiotelemetry. We implanted 164 trout (98 cutthroat trout, 37 rainbow trout, and 29 cutthroat trout ? rainbow trout hybrids) with radio tags before the 2001, 2002, and 2003 spawning seasons in four sections of a 140-km segment of the main-stem Yellowstone River. Of the 164 radio-tagged fish, 73 (44 Yellowstone cutthroat trout, 15 rainbow trout, and 14 hybrids) were assumed to have spawned; 55 (75.3%) used 16 tributaries, 17 (23.3%) used 7 river side channels, and 1 (1.4%) used the main channel of the Yellowstone River for spawning. The majority of fish that spawned (62%) used five spawning areas. Spawning area and spawning reach overlap index values were high among all taxa. In contrast, the mean migration and spawning dates of rainbow trout and hybrids were 5?9 weeks earlier than those of cutthroat trout. Rainbow trout and hybrids began migrating and spawning in April and May when Yellowstone River discharges were lower and water temperatures were colder than during cutthroat trout migration and spawning in June and July. The spawning period overlap index values (rainbow trout and hybrids versus cutthroat trout) were typically less than half the spatial overlap index values. Therefore, the difference in time of spawning is probably the predominant mechanism maintaining reproductive isolation among fluvial trout. Management actions focused on protecting and enhancing later-spawning cutthroat trout in tributaries may enhance their temporal reproductive separation from earlier-spawning rainbow trout and hybrids.
Download or read book Temporal Segregation in Spawning Between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout written by John Martin Fennell and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native cutthroat trout populations in western North America have faced substantial declines in part due to interactions with non-native species. One such interaction, hybridization with introduced rainbow trout, is recognized as one of the most pressing concerns facing native cutthroat trout populations. I explored how one mechanism of reproductive isolation, temporal segregation, may be limiting hybridization between Yellowstone cutthroat trout and rainbow trout in the North Fork Shoshone River drainage in northwest Wyoming. Using data on adult fish spawning migration timing paired with high resolution genomic data, we provide evidence that Yellowstone cutthroat trout spawn on average 2-4.5 weeks later in the drainage than both rainbow trout and Yellowstone cutthroat trout x rainbow trout hybrids (hybrids). Additional data collected on the size and ancestry of juvenile fish in study tributaries provides further evidence that Yellowstone cutthroat trout spawn later in the spawning season compared to rainbow trout and hybrids. I also investigated how changing water temperature and discharge in the drainage throughout the spawning season may explain differences in the timing of spawning migrations between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids. Yellowstone cutthroat trout were more likely to migrate into the spawning tributary on days after the seasonal peak in stream discharge and on days where water temperature stayed at or above 6 degrees Celsius longer. While Yellowstone cutthroat trout are entering spawning tributaries later, on average, than both rainbow trout and hybrids, disproportionately high numbers of rainbow trout and hybrids paired with extended spawning seasons leads to substantial overlap between when Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids are spawning in the system. Thus, I conclude that while temporal segregation in spawn timing may play some role in the persistence of unadmixed Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the drainage, additional mechanisms of reproductive isolation likely exist between the two species.
Download or read book Assessment of Reproductive Isolation Between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout in the Yellowstone River Montana written by De Rito, Jr. (James Nicholas) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout written by Thomas P. Quinn and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout combines in-depth scientific information with outstanding photographs and original artwork to fully describe the fish species critical to the Pacific Rim. This completely revised and updated edition covers all aspects of the life cycle of these remarkable fish in the Pacific: homing migration from the open ocean through coastal waters and up rivers to their breeding grounds; courtship and reproduction; the lives of juvenile salmon and trout in rivers and lakes; migration to the sea; the structure of fish populations; and the importance of fish carcasses to the ecosystem. The book also includes information on salmon and trout transplanted outside their ranges. Fisheries expert Thomas P. Quinn writes with clarity and enthusiasm to interest a wide range of readers, including biologists, anglers, and naturalists. He provides the most current science available as well as perspectives on the past, present, and future of Pacific salmon and trout. In this edition: Over 100 beautiful color photographs of salmon and troutUpdated information on all aspects of the salmon and trout life cycleExpanded coverage of trout
Download or read book Modeling Population Interactions Between Native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Invasive Rainbow Trout in the South Fork Snake River written by EvaLinda DeVita and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The upper South Fork Snake River in Idaho supports one of the last remaining large- river populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouveri), which is threatened by competition and hybridization with introduced rainbow trout (O. mykiss). The Idaho Department of Fish and Game has implemented a three-pronged approach to preserving Yellowstone cutthroat trout that consists of reproductive isolation using barrier weirs, flow management, and angler harvest of rainbow/hybrid trout. This thesis presents an updated and expanded version of a model of the population dynamics of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and rainbow/hybrid trout that is used to conduct simulation experiments to predict the likely outcomes of multiple potential management scenarios and identify the management combinations most likely to result in long-term persistence of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the study reach. A discrete-time, age-structured population model tracks same age cohorts of tributary-spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, river-spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, and rainbow/hybrid trout separately through life stages, population interactions, and mortality, including spawning and hybridization, potential peak spring flow-induced mortality of eggs and fry, age-0 competition for flow-dependent habitat during the first winter, and size-dependent angler harvest of rainbow/hybrid trout.
Download or read book Hybridization and Introgression in a Managed Native Population of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Genetic Detection and Management Implications written by Matthew R. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1920s, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game has cultured Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri at Henrys Lake to offset declines in natural production and for use in stocking programs throughout Idaho. Since the mid-1970s, they have also produced F1 hybrids: female Yellowstone cutthroat trout * male rainbow trout O. mykiss. The ability of fishery managers, when selecting broodstock, to visually distinguish returning cutthroat trout from F1 hybrids is, therefore, crucial to avoid accidental introduction of rainbow trout genes into the hatchery-supplemented cutthroat trout population. To evaluate this ability, fish identified by staff as putative cutthroat trout or hybrids (an array of phenotypic characters are used), were sampled during two spawning seasons. Phenotypically identified fish were genetically tested using species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA gene loci and diagnostic allozyme loci. Current levels of rainbow trout introgression in the cutthroat trout population at Henrys Lake were also investigated by analyzing samples collected from the lake and several of its tributaries. Results indicated that staff's phenotypic identifications were highly accurate in distinguishing cutthroat trout from F1 hybrids when selecting broodstock (no F1 hybrids were detected among 80 samples identified as pure). However, backcrosses of F1 hybrids were identified in random collections of adults from the lake as well as fry from Henrys Lake tributaries, indicating introgression. Present levels of rainbow trout introgression are most likely the product of past rainbow trout introductions and limited, intermittent spawning of hatchery-produced F1 hybrids with wild Yellowstone cutthroat, rather than the accidental crossing of F1 hybrids with cutthroat trout at the hatchery. Current levels of introgression are inadvertently maintained by (1) the inability of managers to phenotypically identify and exclude as broodstock individuals with low levels of rainbow trout introgression and (2) the limited, intermittent reproductive success of straying, hatchery-produced F1 hybrids.--Abstract.
Download or read book Hybridization Between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout in the Upper Snake River Basin Wyoming written by Ryan P. Kovach and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced hybridization between fish populations and species is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity worldwide and is particularly relevant to management of the subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. The upper Snake River basin in Wyoming contains one of the largest remaining populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout O. clarkii bouvieri, a subspecies of special concern throughout its range; however, little is known about levels of hybridization between Yellowstone cutthroat trout and exotic rainbow trout O. mykiss or about the overall genetic population structure for this river basin. There is concern that the Gros Ventre River is a source of hybridization for the Snake River basin. We sampled across the upper Snake River basin to estimate levels of hybridization and population structure and to describe hybrid zone structure and spatial patterns of hybridization throughout the basin. We used this information to help resolve whether the Gros Ventre River was acting as a potential source of hybridization for the upper Snake River basin. We found that Yellowstone cutthroat trout genotypes dominated the river system, but hybridization was detected at low levels in all populations. The Gros Ventre River contained the highest levels of hybridization (population and individual) and displayed evidence of ongoing hybridization between parental genotypes. Levels of hybridization decreased as a function of distance from the Gros Ventre River, suggesting that this population is acting as a source of rainbow trout genes. These patterns were evident despite the fact that levels of genetic connectivity appeared to be higher than those observed in other cutthroat trout populations (global genetic differentiation index F ST = 0.04), and we did not find evidence for genetic isolation by distance. Management actions aimed at reducing the presence of highly hybridized cutthroat trout or rainbow trout individuals in the Gros Ventre River will help to maintain the upper Snake River basin as an important conservation area.
Download or read book Chromosome Rearrangements Recombination Suppression and Limited Segregation Distortion in Hybrids Between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Bouvieri and Rainbow Trout O Mykiss written by Carl O. Ostberg and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can lead to the creation of novel genome structures and thus potentially new genetic variation for selection to act upon. On the other hand, hybridization with introduced species can threaten native species, such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) following the introduction of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Neither the evolutionary consequences nor conservation implications of rainbow trout introgression in cutthroat trout is well understood. Therefore, we generated a genetic linkage map for rainbow-Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri) hybrids to evaluate genome processes that may help explain how introgression affects hybrid genome evolution. Results The hybrid map closely aligned with the rainbow trout map (a cutthroat trout map does not exist), sharing all but one linkage group. This linkage group (RYHyb20) represented a fusion between an acrocentric (Omy28) and a metacentric chromosome (Omy20) in rainbow trout. Additional mapping in Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicated the two rainbow trout homologues were fused in the Yellowstone genome. Variation in the number of hybrid linkage groups (28 or 29) likely depended on a Robertsonian rearrangement polymorphism within the rainbow trout stock. Comparison between the female-merged F1 map and a female consensus rainbow trout map revealed that introgression suppressed recombination across large genomic regions in 5 hybrid linkage groups. Two of these linkage groups (RYHyb20 and RYHyb25_29) contained confirmed chromosome rearrangements between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicating that rearrangements may suppress recombination. The frequency of allelic and genotypic segregation distortion varied among parents and families, suggesting few incompatibilities exist between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout genomes.
Download or read book Ecological and Environmental Investigations of Competition Between Native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Bouvieri Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss and Their Hybrids written by Steven Michael Seiler and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduced species can have dramatic impacts within the native communities where they become established. In western North America, native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are experiencing drastic declines due to habitat alteration and fish introductions. Rainbow trout ( O. mykiss) are thought to be especially detrimental to cutthroat trout because they share similar life histories and can form fertile hybrid offspring, compounding interspecific competition through added pressure from hybrids. My dissertation consists of five studies developed to test ecological and environmental factors that may influence the spread of rainbow trout and cutthroat-rainbow hybrid trout within native Yellowstone cutthroat trout ( O. c. bouvieri) populations. I raised Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and reciprocal first generation hybrids under common conditions and tested for differences in morphology and swimming stamina (Chapter 1), aggression and foraging ability (Chapter 2), and the strength of interspecific competition on the growth rate of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Chapter 3). I also surveyed trout and environmental characteristics from the South Fork of the Snake River watershed to test for morphological differences between wild Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids (Chapter 4) and to examine the influence of environmental characteristics on the extent of hybridization (Chapter 5). I found differences in morphology, swimming stamina, foraging behavior, and growth between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their hybrids that place cutthroat trout at a disadvantage. The field survey found body shape differences between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids consistent with those of trout raised in the laboratory with high predictability of genetic class based on morphology alone. The degree of hybridization present at field sampling locations was related to the size of the stream and summer water temperature of the sampling location; however, level of hybridization could also be the result of distance from a location where most rainbow trout were stocked. My work provides some of the first tests of competition between cutthroat trout and rainbow trout and the influence of hybridization. This dissertation will aid in cutthroat trout conservation efforts and be of general interest to invasive species ecologists in better understanding the dynamics of invasive species success.
Download or read book Equilibrium Yield and Management of Cutthroat Trout in Yellowstone Lake written by Norman Gustaf Benson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equilibrium yield of the cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki lewisi Girard, in Yellowstone Lake, Wyo., is determined from data on catch and spawning runs from 1945 to 1961. Changes in growth rate, spawning runs, mortality rates, and year-class strength are related to differences in total catch. Three stages of exploitation of the stock are defined and the maximum safe catch or equilibrium yield is estimated at 325,000 trout. Management of the sport fishery according to equilibrium yield is discussed with reference to regulations, distribution of fishing pressure, planting, and interspecific competition. The Yellowstone River fishery is treated briefly.
Download or read book Hybridization Between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout Alters the Expression of Muscle Growth Related Genes and Their Relationships with Growth Patterns written by Carl O. Ostberg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization creates novel gene combinations that may generate important evolutionary novelty, but may also reduce existing adaptation by interrupting inherent biological processes, such as genotype-environment interactions. Hybridization often causes substantial change in patterns of gene expression, which, in turn, may cause phenotypic change. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cutthroat trout (O. clarkii) produce viable hybrids in the wild, and introgressive hybridization with introduced rainbow trout is a major conservation concern for native cutthroat trout. The two species differ in body shape, which is likely an evolutionary adaptation to their native environments, and their hybrids tend to show intermediate morphology. The characterization of gene expression patterns may provide insights on the genetic basis of hybrid and parental morphologies, as well as on the ecological performance of hybrids in the wild. Here, we evaluated the expression of eight growth-related genes (MSTN-1a, MSTN-1b, MyoD1a, MyoD1b, MRF-4, IGF-1, IGF-2, and CAST-L) and the relationship of these genes with growth traits (length, weight, and condition factor) in six line crosses: both parental species, both reciprocal F1 hybrids, and both first-generation backcrosses (F1 x rainbow trout and F1 x cutthroat trout). Four of these genes were differentially expressed among rainbow, cutthroat, and their hybrids. Transcript abundance was significantly correlated with growth traits across the parent species, but not across hybrids. Our findings suggest that rainbow and cutthroat trout exhibit differences in muscle growth regulation, that transcriptional networks may be modified by hybridization, and that hybridization disrupts intrinsic relationships between gene expression and growth patterns that may be functionally important for phenotypic.
Download or read book Nuclear Genetic Markers Distinguishing Between Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Yellowston Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout of the Sheep Creek Drainage Utah written by Amara Bray and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distribution Movements and Life history Characteristics of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Bouvieri in the Upper Yellowstone River Drainage written by Brian Daniel Ertel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, has declined across the historic range because of anthropogenic influences. Habitat has been fragmented and non-native species have been introduced that compete with, feed upon, or interbreed with cutthroat trout. As a result, many cutthroat trout populations are now isolated in headwater streams and life-history forms are lost or reduced. The upper Yellowstone River basin, above Yellowstone Lake, offers a rare opportunity to study Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a large, intact, river system with few anthropogenic influences. Understanding of life-history forms present in the upper Yellowstone River basin assist in proper conservation and management of the watershed. To determine cutthroat trout life-history forms present, their abundance, and habitat preferences, a combination of radio-telemetry, electrofishing, underwater census, habitat assessment, and age and growth were used. Movements of 151 cutthroat trout were tracked by aircraft, 2003-2005. Most relocated fish (98%) followed a lacustrine-adfluvial life history migration pattern, spending an average 24 days in the river. Cutthroat began entering the river in April and most emigrated by August. Fish migrated as far as 67 km to spawn and spawning aggregations within the system were found in only 11 locations. Underwater census and electrofishing surveys were used to determine fish distribution and abundance in the Yellowstone River and its tributaries. Main stem cutthroat trout densities were low and not evenly distributed. A mean of 8 fish/500 m reach were sampled with the majority in 8 reaches. Juvenile (150 mm, 2 years old) and large adult (330 mm,4 years old) cutthroat trout were found in the main stem, but fish from 151-330 mm (age 3) were absent. Within tributaries, fish densities ranged from 1.7-49.5 fish/100 m reach. Fish up to 305 mm were sampled and ranged 1 to 4 years in age. Data from this study suggest most cutthroat trout in the upper Yellowstone River express a lacustrine-adfluvial life history, however, some fluvial fish are present in tributaries. These findings will be important in driving conservation and management decisions in this drainage and provide critical information in future ESA listing considerations.
Download or read book A Long term Comparison of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Abundance and Size Structure in Their Historical Range in Idaho written by Kevin A. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We compared estimates of population abundance and size structure for Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri obtained by electro?shing 77 stream segments across southeastern Idaho in the 1980s and again in 1999?2000 to test whether populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout had changed. Sites sampled in the 1980s were relocated in 1999?2000 by using maps and photographs or by ?nding original site-boundary stakes, so that the same reach of stream was sampled during both periods. Abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout longer than 10 cm did not change, averaging 41 ?sh/100 m of stream during both the 1980s and 1999?2000. The proportion of the total catch of trout composed of Yellowstone cutthroat trout also did not change, averaging 82% in the 1980s and 78% in 1999?2000. At the 48 sites where size structure could be estimated for both periods, the proportion of Yellowstone cutthroat trout that were 10?20 cm long declined slightly (74% versus 66%), but the change was due entirely to the shift in size structure at the Teton River sites. The number of sites that contained rainbow trout O. mykiss or cutthroat trout 3 rainbow trout hybrids rose from 23 to 37, but the average proportion of the catch composed of rainbow trout and hybrids did not increase (7% in both the 1980s and 1999?2000). Although the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout have been substantially reduced in Idaho over the last century, our results indicate that Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance and size structure in Idaho have remained relatively stable at a large number of locations for the last 10?20 years. The expanding distribution of rainbow trout and hybrids in portions of the upper Snake River basin, however, calls for additional monitoring and active management actions.
Download or read book Behavioral Ecological and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi and Nonnative Rainbow Trout O Mykiss written by Clint Cain Muhlfeld and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic hybridization is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hybridization and introgression may lead to a loss of locally adapted gene complexes and ecological adaptations in native populations, yet these potential consequences have not been fully evaluated in nature. I investigated factors influencing the spread of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). The fundamental questions of my dissertation were: what are the behavioral, ecological, and fitness consequences of hybridization and what factors influence successful invasion of hybrids? First, I assessed the patterns of spawning between parental species and their hybrids and found that hybridization alters the spawning behavior of migratory westslope cutthroat trout, and is spreading via long distance dispersal of hybrids from downstream sources and some temporal overlap during spawning. Second, I describe for the first time how a wide range of levels of nonnative admixture affect fitness of cutthroat trout in the wild by estimating reproductive success in a recently invaded stream using parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced reproductive success, with fitness exponentially declining by ~50% with 20% nonnative genetic admixture. Finally, I evaluated the association of local-habitat features, landscape characteristics, and biotic factors with the spread of hybridization in the system, and found that hybridization increases in streams with warmer water temperatures, high land use disturbance and close proximity to the source of hybridization; however, none of these factors appeared sufficient to prevent further spread. These combined results suggest that hybrids are not only genetically different than westslope cutthroat trout but also have reduced fitness and are ecologically different, and that hybridization is likely to continue to spread if hybrid populations with high amounts of rainbow trout admixture are not reduced or eliminated. I conclude that extant aboriginal cutthroat trout are at greater conservation risk due to hybridization than previously thought and policies that protect hybridized populations need reconsideration.
Download or read book The Imperiled Cutthroat written by Greg French and published by Patagonia. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone, the world’s first national park and one of America’s truly great trout fisheries, has been a crucible for ideas on how to look after wild places. Renowned Australian fishing writer Greg French gives a sparkling firsthand account of how the park’s history, landscapes, wildlife, and people have touched anglers worldwide — and why this matters. The Imperiled Cutthroat is a travelogue that covers the story of the Yellowstone cutthroat trout: its discovery, biology, decimation, modern-day allure, and uncertain future. Although set against the dramatic backdrop of Yellowstone, comparisons to Australia, New Zealand, and Europe are inevitable. It is a cautionary tale too, ending up in Mongolia, which is as pristine as Montana once was. The Yellowstone fishery is at a crossroads, and debate about what to do is dangerously narrow. Anglers everywhere need to be constantly reminded that hatcheries are far from a panacea for ailing fisheries: fostering conservation of the natural environmental delivers far better outcomes at a fraction of the cost. The power of Greg’s stories comes not just from the quality of the writing but also from the quirks and passions of the people he meets. Greg's compelling storytelling enthralls anglers and naturalists the world over.
