Download or read book Temples and Concepts in Ancient Egyptian Architecture written by Ryan Moorhen and published by DTTV PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on 2022-08-14 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earliest temples were simple huts made of plaited wickerwork, used as shrines for the symbols of God; the altar was nothing more than a mat made of reeds. In the earliest temples, a wall surrounds the name-stela, later covered with a roof. Temple construction became increasingly complex with the advent of the New Empire, although the plan remained virtually unchanged from the earliest to the latest. A sanctuary in the simplest form consisted of a surrounding wall, a pylon or entry gateway with flanking towers, before which two colossal statues of the king, two obelisks, and finally, the innermost sanctuary called the naos, which contained the divine symbols. Various additions included three pylons divided by three avenues of sphinxes, columned courts, and a hypostyle or columned hall. These Egyptian kings increased the size of their predecessors' buildings in this way. A vast wall surrounded these temples, blocking all noise and bustle of the narrow streets of the crowded cities. On each side of the broad road that led up to the great pylon, the principal gateway were rows of lions, rams, or other sacred animals guarding the entrance. Two obelisks stood in front of the gateway and a statue of the king who founded the temple as protector. The door was flanked by two high, square towers sloping inward on either side. They were initially designed for defensive purposes, so the passage through the pylon could be successfully barred against all foes while sorties could be made from postern gates in the wall. Towers were fitted with sockets at the foot where tall masts were mounted. The gaily colored streamers waved in front of the great doors to keep away all evil, just as the Winged Disk, the symbol of the sun, did. These were usually made of wood, a valuable material in Egypt, and swathed in gold. Reliefs and inscriptions painted on the temple's outer walls depicted the deeds of the founder since the temple was as much a personal memorial as it was a shrine to the tutelary deity. An extraordinary court surrounded the pylon, usually only colonnaded on either side, but columns were running down the middle in more prominent temples, such as Karnak. Many citizens had the right to attend the great festivals held here. The hypostyle was entered by a low doorway, the windows close to the roof, so the light was dim, whereas the sanctuary was utterly and profoundly dark.

Download or read book The Ancient Egyptian Metaphysical Architecture written by Moustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals the Ancient Egyptian knowledge of harmonic proportion, sacred geometry, and number mysticism, as manifested in their texts, temples, tombs, art, hieroglyphs, ...etc., throughout their known history. It shows how the Egyptians designed their buildings to generate cosmic energy, and the mystical application of numbers in Egyptian works. The book explains in detail the harmonic proportion of about 20 Ancient Egyptian buildings throughout their recorded history. Everything that the Ancient Egyptians built/molded/sculptured was for the purpose of generating energies and/or to embody energies. And just like our electrical system that needs activation by turning a switch on, all Egyptian works also require/required activation by the right actions [sounds, gestures, etc.]. And while these 'stone' marvels appears static because they appears stationary, they are no different than [stationary] energy generating units—like our solar panels that absorb solar energy from the sun and convert it to energy supply for our earthly human needs. This book reveals the Ancient Egyptian knowledge of harmonic proportion, sacred geometry, and number mysticism, as manifested in their texts, temples, tombs, art, ...etc., throughout their known history. It shows how the Egyptians designed their buildings to generate cosmic energy, and the mystical application of numbers in Egyptian works. The book explains in detail the harmonic proportion of about 20 Ancient Egyptian buildings throughout their recorded history. It is the aim of this book to provide such an exposition, one which, while based on sound scholarship, will present the issues in language comprehensible to non specialist readers. Technical terms have been kept to a minimum. These are explained, as non technically as possible, in the glossary. This Expanded Edition of the book is divided into three parts containing a total of 13 chapters, as well as 10 appendices being A through I. Part I: Architectural Concepts—Function and From consists of five chapters—1 through 5: Chapter 1: The Architectural Canon will cover the deep rooted Egyptian beliefs of 'As above So below' and its application to Egyptian art and architecture, the existence and adherence to a divine building code, as well as utilizing design and construction plans prior to [as well as] during the construction stages, which extended over several centuries for large projects. Chapter 2: The Metaphysical Structure of The Universe will cover the realms of creation and its correspondence in Man, as the image of all creation. Chapter 3: Visitation Sites of The Lower Heavenly Court will cover the interactions between earthly livings and the lower realms of the metaphysical cosmic structure, the significance of landscape architecture in such interactions, and the major types of visitation buildings—both burial and non burial sites—to facilitate such interactions. Chapter 4: The Sealed Pharaohs' Tombs will cover the concept and role of the pharaohs which require their tombs to be sealed and inaccessible for further communications after their earthly existence, as well as samples of some pharaoniac tombs. Chapter 5: Egyptian Temples of The Divine Forces will cover the main function of Egyptian temples, being divine generation, the overall conceptual temple layout, the metaphysical funnel conduit design, the generative significance of jointing patterns, outer walls physical/metaphysical protection, and the organic foundation roots of the Egyptian temple. Part II: The Physical Manifestation of Metaphysical Concepts consists of five chapters—6 through 11: Chapter 6: Architectural Constituent Forms of Metaphysical Functions will cover the various architectural forms as manifestation of their corresponding functions [both physically and metaphysically] for "false doors", recessed wall panels, columns and pillars, capitals of columns, porticoes, peristyles, colonnade formations at four different locations, obelisks, statuary images of various roof forms (flat, gable, corbelled, arch & vaulted), stylistic architectural details (architrave, cornice, and torus) and stylistic ornamentation and decoration such as starry ceilings, floral, geometric, figurative, a combination of two or all three, guilloche (misnamed as the Tuscan border), chevron, and scroll pattern. Chapter 7: The Primary Geometrical Shapes/Forms will cover the principles and application of sacred geometry of Divine Architecture, the Egyptian sacred cord [tool], general layout of sample geometric shapes, the sacred circle as the archetype of Creation, squaring the circle, the primary triangles, and the combined square-triangles 3-D pyramids. Chapter 8: The Generative Square Root Rectangles—"Irrational numbers" will cover the generative root rectangles as the hypotenuse of right angle triangles, beginning with a square, and generating square roots of 2, 3 and 5; formation of cosmic solids; generation of the Golden Proportion from the root five rectangle; the construction of whirling square spirals; and example application of this form of dynamic design to four locations in Ancient Egyptian monuments. Chapter 9: The Arithmetic Generative Progression will cover the role of numbers as generators of orderly growth and progression, the Summation Series and the Golden Proportion, and the Cosmic Proportion of the Human Figure. Chapter 10: Combined—Arithmetic and Graphic Harmonic Design of Egyptian Buildings will cover combining both the arithmetic and graphic elements into a harmonic design of the parts and the whole of an Egyptian temple, that includes: active axes, significant points, the telescopic triangles, and the rectangular perimeters in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Chapter 11: Harmonic Analysis of Ancient Egyptian Works will cover several examples in Ancient Egypt from all eras and throughout Egypt that show the Egyptian applications of the design elements discussed in this book. Examples include temples, tombs, pyramids, shrines, capitals of columns, stelae, pylons and doorways. Part III: The Spirited Communications has two chapters—12 and 13: Chapter 12: The Animated Metaphysical Images on Walls will cover the metaphysical significance of walls' decoration as well as explanations of various depictions. Chapter 13: Human Activities will cover the roles of humans in activating, maintaining, participating in various rituals and festivities as well as deactivating the powers of the temple when temples and the whole Egypt is under siege. Appendices has ten appendices—A through J: Appendix A: General Plans of Sample Egyptian Temples covers layout plans of several Egyptian temples with a short description of each. Appendix B: Practical Mathematics in Ancient Egypt covers reference to the four most recognized Ancient Egyptian "mathematical" Papyri and the practical mathematical contents within such papyri. Appendix C: Fraction Mysticism covers the reasons that in Egypt, a fraction—any fraction—could only be a fraction of unity and Egyptian tables to deal with "complex' fractions which will be similar to modern Logarithmic Tables. Appendix D: Intentional "Irregularities" In Egyptian Works covers the religious reasons for what seems to be "irregularities" in the highly executed Egyptian works. Appendix E: Monument Appropriations Reconsidered covers clarification of what appears to be monument appropriation by one pharaoh of another. Appendix F: Sample Egyptian Sculpture Works covers a very short list of recognizable Egyptian sculptures. Appendix G: Concrete Blocks Various Types covers the advanced Egyptian knowledge of concrete mixes and application examples of such knowledge throughout Ancient Egypt. Appendix H: The Masonic Egyptian Roots covers the Egyptian roots of the widespread secret fraternal society called ‘Free and Accepted Masons’ (popularly known as Freemasonry). Appendix I: Egyptian Influence on Modern Architecture covers several examples worldwide of such influence. Appendix J: Types and Forms of Mortals' buildings will cover types and forms of residential, private, communal and public buildings as associated with its earthly existence' function, as well as highlighting that mortals of all classes—including pharaohs and priestly staff—resided in mud-brick houses.

Download or read book Art Architecture and Temples in Ancient Egypt written by Ezra Ivanov and published by DTTV PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on 2022-07-25 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient Egyptian art and architecture are fascinating, beautiful, and complex. I've always been fascinated by the pyramids of Egypt and how they were built. They are incredible feats of engineering—but also religious centers where worshipers would go to pray and make offerings to their gods. In addition to temples, there were also tombs for royalty (known as mastabas) and commoners (known as shaft tombs), which were all made with an eye toward eternal life. Ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses were important in Egyptian culture. They were often represented in art or architecture and played an integral role in daily life. Though the god Osiris was known to be king of the dead, he did not hold the same power as other gods such as Ra or Hathor (a cow-headed goddess). The priesthoods of these deities generally ruled over specific cities or professions; for example, priests at a temple dedicated to Amun would preside over all matters related to agriculture. Such temples were built throughout Egypt's history; one example is Deir el-Bahari (meaning "monastery of the northern valley"), which served as both a royal mortuary temple and monastery for Nefertari during her lifetime. Many structures built during this period reflect traditional architectural practices: thick columns made from stone support large roof beams made from wood; outer walls are covered with painted plaster decorated with scenes depicting daily life—for example, artists working on wall paintings inside temples such as this one often described themselves taking part in those very activities! You may have heard that pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs, but there's more to it. The pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings, part of the Great Pyramids complex. The pyramids are made up of stone blocks of limestone, built with ramps rather than cranes or scaffolding so that workers could move them into place. In terms of shape, they're somewhere between a cube and a cone; this helps keep them stable during construction and makes them look good from afar! Temples were the most important buildings in ancient Egypt. They were places of worship and learning, government, and justice. The temple was the most important place for any Egyptian because it was where people could connect with their gods and get guidance on how to lead a good life.

Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Architecture in Fifteen Monuments written by Felix Arnold and published by American University in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritatively written overview of ancient Egyptian architecture from the point of view of an archaeologist and architectural historian The monuments of ancient Egypt have held scholars and tourists in their thrall for centuries. The sheer mass of the pyramids of Giza, the interaction of the temples at Deir al-Bahari with the natural environment, and the use of light in the hypostyle hall of Karnak all make these buildings world-class masterpieces of architecture, rivaling those of Greece and Rome. Ancient Egyptian Architecture in Fifteen Monuments presents an authoritative overview of Egyptian architecture from the point of view of an archaeologist and architectural historian with decades of fieldwork experience in Egypt and elsewhere. It focuses on fifteen selected masterpieces, from well-known structures such as the Bent Pyramid in Dahshur and the temple of Horus at Edfu to lesser-known monuments in Hierakonpolis, Abydos, Hawara, and Bubastis, each building representing an important stage in the development of Egyptian architecture and a different vision of what architecture should aspire to achieve. Using sixty reconstruction drawings and black-and-white photographs, Felix Arnold presents new insights into form, meaning, and the organization of space, providing a fresh perspective on ancient Egyptian culture and society.

Download or read book The Architecture of Ancient Egypt with Remarks on the Early Progress of Architecture Etc written by John Gardner Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Architecture of Ancient Egypt written by John Gardner Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temple of Karnak written by Frederick Monderson and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temple of Karnak: The Majestic Architecture of Ancient Kemet, published (2011) by SuMon Publishers is an updated and expanded version of an earlier issue offering readers a comprehensive artistic, historical and esoteric insight into this important religious structure instrumental in the history of imperial Egypt/Kemet. The Temple of Karnak is a full-length English language book on the ancient world's grandest home of a deity, still standing despite its many man-made and natural challenges. Insightfully, it depicts the historical, pictographic, architectural and archaeological adventures of a temple 2000 years in the making; that today, 2000 years later, still exudes and evokes much of the ancient mysticism, spirituality and awe-inspiring esotericism. Together with more than 400 photographs, illustrations and plans highlighting the more salient features of this divinely inspired complex of temples, readers are treated to an extensive bibliography in English to encourage further research on this architectural museum, making it an indispensible read and therefore a welcome addition to any library collection. It supplies readers with both photographic imagery and textual survey of a quintessential Middle and New Kingdom temple, home of the national God Amon-Ra, 'King of the Gods, ' 'Father of the Gods, ' ancient Egyptians considered the 'Throne of the World.' Encompassing two poems to Amon-Ra and the temple itself; a 'Why and Wherefore' of the philosophy of ancient Egyptian religion manifesting at Karnak; a compendium of famous writers' insights; a detailed description of the principal features of the temple in the ascent towards the 'holy of holies' and beyond; including a selection of some of the choicest pieces of 'talatat art' from the Open Air Museum; making it "a book you can take to the temple!" As such, it highlights important features before and beyond the entrance pylon; provides a photographic depiction of the Hypostyle Hall's temple ritual and its architectural columnar majesty; depicts the Wars of Seti I; points to Thutmose III's Festival Temple the Akh Menu's tent pole columns; features Rameses II's "Girdle Wall" illustrations; and includes images highlighting points of principal interest, viz., sphinxes, pylons, colonnades, obelisks, statues, the sacred lake, courts, axes, temples, walls, decorations, etc., and includes names of people associated with the site, all making The Temple of Karnak, a fact-filled and useful work. A "second take" on principal segments of the monuments with separate bibliography that extends the source of reference; contributes to further understanding of this magnificent and complex piece of religious architecture. All in all, it's not simply a historic description of the structure but also an indispensable Travel Guide heightening the adventure and significantly complementing any visit to the temple. Photos enliven the experience and reinforce the rich heritage of the monuments while including items the casual visitor never sees. Finally, the traveler, the specialist, student and lay person, can all benefit from this work that should be in any library collection on Ancient Kemet/Egypt. Frederick Monderson, an African historian and Egyptologist, has written extensively on ancient Egypt. He can be reached at SuMon Publishers PO Box 160347, Brooklyn, New York 11216, or, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture written by Somers Clarke and published by Dover Publications. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When this book was first published in 1930, there was no shortage of excellent books dealing with the architectural styles of ancient Egypt; no book of any significance, however, discussed in detail the actual construction methods used to erect some of the world's most colossal and enduring structures. This profusely illustrated volume remedied that situation by providing the first important description and analysis of Egyptian building practices, which differed radically from those of classical, medieval or modern architecture. Based on thirty years of research and investigation, much of it firsthand, the present work offers a detailed examination of Egyptian quarrying methods, transportation of stone, foundations, mortar, techniques for dressing and laying blocks of stone, pyramid construction, facing, sculpturing and painting masonry, brickwork, Egyptian mathematics and much more. Nearly 270 photographs and other illustrations bring the text to life, providing superb pictorial documentation of actual sites and excavations, quarries, building plans, architects' diagrams and elevations and a myriad of construction details. Also presented are such evocative materials as a map for gold miners in the time of Seti I, photographs of tool marks left by ancient quarry workers, mason's guidelines on a column in the Great Hall at Karnak, a scene of workmen polishing a sphinx and other small details that bridge the centuries and remind us that flesh-and-blood human beings sweated and toiled to accomplish the marvelous technical feats so well described here. For any student of ancient Egypt, this will be an enlightening and fascinating survey. For architects, engineers, and students of the history of technology, the book offers a revealing picture of early techniques of monumental construction. 125 photographs. 144 line illustrations.

Download or read book Temples and Concepts in Ancient Egyptian Architecture written by Ryan Moorhen and published by Dttv Publications. This book was released on 2022-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earliest temples were simple huts made of plaited wickerwork, used as shrines for the symbols of God; the altar was nothing more than a mat made of reeds. In the earliest temples, a wall surrounds the name-stela, later covered with a roof. Temple construction became increasingly complex with the advent of the New Empire, although the plan remained virtually unchanged from the earliest to the latest. A sanctuary in the simplest form consisted of a surrounding wall, a pylon or entry gateway with flanking towers, before which two colossal statues of the king, two obelisks, and finally, the innermost sanctuary called the naos, which contained the divine symbols. Various additions included three pylons divided by three avenues of sphinxes, columned courts, and a hypostyle or columned hall. These Egyptian kings increased the size of their predecessors' buildings in this way. A vast wall surrounded these temples, blocking all noise and bustle of the narrow streets of the crowded cities. On each side of the broad road that led up to the great pylon, the principal gateway were rows of lions, rams, or other sacred animals guarding the entrance. Two obelisks stood in front of the gateway and a statue of the king who founded the temple as protector. The door was flanked by two high, square towers sloping inward on either side. They were initially designed for defensive purposes, so the passage through the pylon could be successfully barred against all foes while sorties could be made from postern gates in the wall. Towers were fitted with sockets at the foot where tall masts were mounted. The gaily colored streamers waved in front of the great doors to keep away all evil, just as the Winged Disk, the symbol of the sun, did. These were usually made of wood, a valuable material in Egypt, and swathed in gold. Reliefs and inscriptions painted on the temple's outer walls depicted the deeds of the founder since the temple was as much a personal memorial as it was a shrine to the tutelary deity. An extraordinary court surrounded the pylon, usually only colonnaded on either side, but columns were running down the middle in more prominent temples, such as Karnak. Many citizens had the right to attend the great festivals held here. The hypostyle was entered by a low doorway, the windows close to the roof, so the light was dim, whereas the sanctuary was utterly and profoundly dark.

Download or read book The Architecture of Ancient Egypt written by Edward Bell and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Monuments of Egypt written by Dieter Arnold and published by I. B. Tauris. This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 600 entries and 350 plans, diagrams and photographs and maps, this guide provides a comprehensive introduction to ancient Egyptian monuments that is an essential companion for every visitor to the ancient sites along the Nile.

Download or read book Temples of Ancient Egypt written by Dieter Arnold and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five distinguished scholars here summarize the state of current knowledge about ancient Egyptian temples and the rituals associated with their use. The first volume in English to survey the major types of Egyptian temples from the Old Kingdom to the Roman period, it offers a unique perspective on ritual and its cultural significance. The authors perceive temples as loci for the creative interplay of sacred space and sacred time. They regard as unacceptable the traditional division of the temples into the categories of "mortuary" and "divine", believing that their functions and symbolic representations were, at once, too varied and too intertwined. Both informative to scholars and accessible to students, the book combines descriptions of specific temples with new insights into their development and purposes.

Download or read book Architecture and Mathematics in Ancient Egypt written by Corinna Rossi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating study, architect and Egyptologist Corinna Rossi analyses the relationship between mathematics and architecture in ancient Egypt by exploring the use of numbers and geometrical figures in ancient architectural projects and buildings. While previous architectural studies have searched for abstract 'universal rules' to explain the history of Egyptian architecture, Rossi attempts to reconcile the different approaches of archaeologists, architects and historians of mathematics into a single coherent picture. Using a study of a specific group of monuments, the pyramids, and placing them in the context of their cultural and historical background, Rossi argues that theory and practice of construction must be considered as a continuum, not as two separated fields, in order to allow the original planning process of a building to re-emerge. Highly illustrated with plans, diagrams and figures, this book is essential reading for all scholars of Ancient Egypt and the architecture of ancient cultures.

Download or read book Architecture Astronomy and Sacred Landscape in Ancient Egypt written by Giulio Magli and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the "wonders" of our ancient past have come down to us unencumbered by written information. In particular, this is the case of the Great Pyramid of Giza and of many other ancient Egyptian monuments. However, there is no doubt as to the interest of their builders in the celestial cycles: the "cosmic order" was indeed the true basis of the pharaoh's power. This book takes the reader on a chronological journey through ancient Egypt to explore the relationship between astronomy, landscape, and power during the most flourishing periods of ancient Egyptian civilization. Using the lens of archaeoastronomy, Giulio Magli reexamines the key monuments and turning points of Egyptian architecture and history, such as the solar deification of King Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid, the Hatshepsut reign, and the Amarna revolution.

Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Art and Architecture A Very Short Introduction written by Christina Riggs and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Berlin to Boston, and St Petersburg to Sydney, ancient Egyptian art fills the galleries of some of the world's greatest museums, while the architecture of Egyptian temples and pyramids has attracted tourists to Egypt for centuries. But what did Egyptian art and architecture mean to the people who first made and used it - and why has it had such an enduring appeal? In this Very Short Introduction, Christina Riggs explores the visual arts produced in Egypt over a span of some 4,000 years. The stories behind these objects and buildings have much to tell us about how people in ancient Egypt lived their lives in relation to each other, the natural environment, and the world of the gods. Demonstrating how ancient Egypt has fascinated Western audiences over the centuries with its impressive pyramids, eerie mummies, and distinctive visual style, Riggs considers the relationship between ancient Egypt and the modern world. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Download or read book Lost Technologies of Ancient Egypt written by Christopher Dunn and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique study of the engineering and tools used to create Egyptian monuments • Presents a stone-by-stone analysis of key Egyptian monuments, including the statues of Ramses II and the tunnels of the Serapeum • Reveals that highly refined tools and mega-machines were used in ancient Egypt From the pyramids in the north to the temples in the south, ancient artisans left their marks all over Egypt, unique marks that reveal craftsmanship we would be hard pressed to duplicate today. Drawing together the results of more than 30 years of research and nine field study journeys to Egypt, Christopher Dunn presents a stunning stone-by-stone analysis of key Egyptian monuments, including the statue of Ramses II at Luxor and the fallen crowns that lay at its feet. His modern-day engineering expertise provides a unique view into the sophisticated technology used to create these famous monuments in prehistoric times. Using modern digital photography, computer-aided design software, and metrology instruments, Dunn exposes the extreme precision of these monuments and the type of advanced manufacturing expertise necessary to produce them. His computer analysis of the statues of Ramses II reveals that the left and right sides of the faces are precise mirror images of each other, and his examination of the mysterious underground tunnels of the Serapeum illuminates the finest examples of precision engineering on the planet. Providing never-before-seen evidence in the form of more than 280 photographs, Dunn’s research shows that while absent from the archaeological record, highly refined tools, techniques, and even mega-machines must have been used in ancient Egypt.

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture written by Dieter Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanied by more than three hundred drawings and maps, offers six hundred alphabetically arranged entries covering the major structures of ancient Egypt.