Download or read book Temperament in Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by Erin C. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperament has been defined as an individual's consistent pattern of responsiveness that is thought to be partially heritable, biologically based, present early in life, and stable over time. Few studies, however, have investigated these assumptions in a systematic and standardized manner. Here we explored cross-generational associations in measures of temperament, the role of genetic polymorphisms in these associations, contributions of older siblings to infant temperament, and stability in one component of temperament, behavioral responsivity, from infancy to adulthood. These investigations were conducted using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at the California National Primate Research Center. Temperament ratings were conducted on 3-4 month old animals after a 25-hour biobehavioral assessment. Factor analysis revealed a four factor structure of temperament. Females assessed as infants have reproduced and their offspring have also been evaluated through the standardized testing paradigm. In the first study presented here, we explore the relationship between measures of temperament in mothers and their first-born offspring and the role of genetic sensitivity in establishing the strength of these associations. Canonical correlation analysis revealed statistically significant associations between factor scores of mothers and sons, but not mothers and daughters. Further, offspring possessing the high activity, "low risk", alleles of the rhMAOA-LPR or rh5-HTTLPR showed statistically significant canonical correlations, whereas those possessing other alleles did not, suggesting differential genetic sensitivity to the normative early experience of maternal temperament. We were also interested in contributions of older siblings to the development of temperament in infant rhesus monkeys. Siblings were not similar to each other in measures of temperament. Infants had higher scores than their older sibling (also assessed at 3-4 months of age) on the Gentle and Confident, as well as lower scores on the Nervous factor. When assessed across temperament factors, infant Vigilant temperament factor scores were most strongly predicted by their older siblings' Gentle, Vigilant, and Confident scores. Interestingly, siblings who were not reared together showed strong associations in Vigilant temperament factor scores. This suggests that consistency in genes and shared experiences influence the development of this temperament factor. Additionally, non-shared experiences may affect variability between siblings, with the presence of older siblings contributing to these effects. Finally, we assessed stability in behavioral measures of temperament in 124 female rhesus monkeys in both infancy (3-4mo.) and adulthood (6yrs). At both time-points, animals were relocated from their homecage to a novel environment and behavioral responsiveness was measured from a 5-min focal observation. Two infant behavioral factors have been previously identified: Activity and Emotionality. Here we report several consistencies in the expression of behavioral responsivity from infancy to adulthood. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that infant behavioral factor scores were predictive of adult behaviors upon introduction to the novel environment, but not after a period of adaptation. This indicates that infant measures of behavioral responsivity are dispositional characteristics that are consistent over time. Taken together, these studies reveal considerable associations in measures of temperament between mother-offspring and sibling dyads, genetic sensitivity to early normative experience, and evidence of stability in behavioral measures of temperament from infancy to adulthood.
Download or read book Temperament and Affiliative Relations in Juvenile Rhesus Macaques Macaca Mulatta written by Tamara Aliza Rachel Weinstein and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Experience Behavior and Organization in Rhesus Monkey Macaca Mulatta Social Groups written by John Philip Capitanio and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Controllability on Behavior Development and Responses to Stressors in Infant Peer reared Rhesus Macaques Macaca Mulatta written by Maribeth Champoux and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Four Nursery Rearing Strategies on the Behavioral Development of Infant Rhesus Macaques Macaca Mulatta written by Ina Rommeck and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development and Persistence of Rhesus Macaque Macaca Mulatta Peer Attachments written by Joseph Marvin Erwin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuity of Stress Responsivity in Infant Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by James Matthew Scanlan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual Variation in the Antipredator Behavior of Captive Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by Lisa Anne Hollis-Brown and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Play Behavior and Its Decline During Development in Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by Janet Susan Levy and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioral Development and Temporal Stability of Reactivity to Stressors in Mother reared and Nursery peer reared Rhesus Macaque Macaca Mulatta Infants written by Maribeth Champoux and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personality in Nonhuman Animals written by Jennifer Vonk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stimulating and comprehensive collection brings together multiple perspectives on the topic of personality in nonhuman animals—linking historical perspectives, theoretical approaches, methods, and cutting-edge discoveries. Experts from various fields describe their findings on species ranging from dogs, cats, chimpanzees, and dolphins to sharks, snakes, and other reptiles. Chapters not only discuss the evolution of personality, but also describe potential applications within the areas of animal-human interactions, animal ethics and welfare, conservation science, and other areas. A key focus is the role of genetics and the environment in determining animal behavior and personality, including related traits, such as creativity and boredom. These chapters present the study of personality in nonhumans as a means by which we can better understand medical and psychological issues specific to our own species as well. Chapters include: · Exploring factor space (and other adventures) with the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire · The quantitative and molecular genetics of individual differences in animal personality · Personality, temperament and individuality in reptile behavior · What do we want to know about personality in marine mammals? · Individual differences in nonhuman animals: examining boredom, curiosity, and creativity · The interplay between animal personality and foraging ecology Taking significant steps in advancing the study of animal personality, Personality in Nonhuman Animals will engage personality psychologists, comparative psychologists, and behavior ecologists as well as conservationists, zookeepers, livestock managers, and all those interested in the brain and behavior of animals.
Download or read book Estrus Behavior of Free ranging Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by James Loy and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developmental Stages in the Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta written by A.A.M. Gribnau and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decennia nonhuman primates have been increasingly used for research purposes in various scientific fields. Much interest has been focused on this group of animals in general and on the rhesus monkey in particular because of its close phylo genetic relationship with man. In some fields of research, however, such as embryology and microscopic anatomy, much less attention has been paid to nonhuman primates, probably because of the expense involved in the collection of the extensive material needed. On the other hand, teratological and experimental embryologic studies must be based upon a thorough knowledge of the normal ontogenesis since only in that way can a reliable distinction be made between normal and abnormal or induced develop ment. Each ontogenetic study essentially consists of a comparison of different deve lopmental stages. In most reports dealing with the development of individual organs or their subunits the material used is classified according to the estimated age or the length of the embryos. These criteria, however, are not valid, since considerable varia tion in developmental stage occurs between animals of the same age even between littermates and between animals of the same length. Therefore a method is needed for assigning embryos to successive developmental stages that are defmed on the basis of extemal and internal characteristics. This type of classification was elaborated by Stree ter (1942, 1945, 1948,1951), who arranged human embryos into developmental hori zons numbered XI through XXIII.
Download or read book Adult Play Behavior and Its Occurrence Among Free ranging Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta written by Judith Ann Breuggeman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changes in the Spatial Pattern of Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys Macaca Mulatta Upon Parturition written by John Brand French and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personality and Temperament in Nonhuman Primates written by Alexander Weiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, there has been an increased interest in research on personality, temperament, and behavioral syndromes (henceforth to be referred to as personality) in nonhuman primates and other animals. This follows, in part, from a general interest in the subject matter and the realization that individual differences, once consigned to ‘error’ terms in statistical analyses, are potentially important predictors, moderators, and mediators of a wide variety of outcomes ranging from the results of experiments to health to enrichment programs. Unfortunately, while there is a burgeoning interest in the subject matter, findings have been reported in a diverse number of journals and most of the methodological and statistical approaches were developed in research on human personality. The proposed volume seeks to gather submissions from a variety of specialists in research on individual differences in primate temperament, personality, or behavioral syndromes. We anticipate that chapters will cover several areas. The first part of this edited volume will focus on methodological considerations including the advantages and disadvantages of different means of assessing these constructs in primates and introduce some statistical approaches that have typically been the domain of human personality research. Another part of this edited volume will focus on present findings including the physiological and genetic bases of personality dimensions in primates; the relationship between personality and age; how personality may moderate or impact various outcomes including behavior, health, and well-being in captive and non-captive environments. For the third part of the volume we hope to obtain summaries of the existing work of the authors on the evolutionary important of personality dimensions and guideposts for future directions in this new and exciting area of research.
Download or read book A Comparison of Continuous Vs Intermittent Socialization of Nursery reared Rhesus Macaque Macaca Mulatta Infants written by Kristen Caron Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
