Download or read book Technology assessment using biometrics for border security written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Assessment written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Assessment written by Government Accountability Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-09-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One facet of the homeland security strategy focuses on border security— preventing the illegal entry of people and goods into the United States without impeding their legitimate flow. Security concerns need to be balanced with practical cost and operational considerations as well as political and economic interests. A risk-based approach can help identify and address security concerns.
Download or read book Technology Assessment written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Information Security written by Keith A. Rhodes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the primary functions of any security system is the control of people into or out of protected areas, such as physical buildings, information systems, and our national border. Technologies called biometrics can automate the identification of people by one or more of their distinct physical or behavioral characteristics. The term biometrics covers a wide range of technologies that can be used to verify identity by measuring and analyzing human characteristics--relying on attributes of the individual instead of things the individual may have or know. In the last 2 years, laws have been passed that will require a more extensive use of biometric technologies in the federal government. Last year, GAO conducted a technology assessment on the use of biometrics for border security. GAO was asked to testify about the issues that it raised in the report, the use of biometrics in the federal government, and the current state of the technology. Biometric technologies are available today that can be used in security systems to help protect assets. Biometric technologies vary in complexity, capabilities, and performance and can be used to verify or establish a person's identity. Leading biometric technologies include facial recognition, fingerprint recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina recognition, signature recognition, and speaker recognition. Biometric technologies have been used in federal applications such as access control, criminal identification, and border security. However, it is important to bear in mind that effective security cannot be achieved by relying on technology alone. Technology and people must work together as part of an overall security process. Weaknesses in any of these areas diminishes the effectiveness of the security process. The security process needs to account for limitations in biometric technology. For example, some people cannot enroll in a biometrics system. Similarly, errors sometimes occur during matching operations. Procedures need to be developed to handle these situations. Exception processing that is not as good as biometric-based primary processing could also be exploited as a security hole. We have found that three key considerations need to be addressed before a decision is made to design, develop, and implement biometrics into a security system: (1) decisions must be made on how the technology will be used; (2) a detailed cost-benefit analysis must be conducted to determine that the benefits gained from a system outweigh the costs; and (3) a trade-off analysis must be conducted between the increased security, which the use of biometrics would provide, and the effect on areas such as privacy and convenience. Security concerns need to be balanced with practical cost and operational considerations as well as political and economic interests. A risk management approach can help federal agencies identify and address security concerns. As federal agencies consider the development of security systems with biometrics, they need to define what the high-level goals of this system will be and develop the concept of operations that will embody the people, process, and technologies required to achieve these goals. With these answers, the proper role of biometric technologies in security can be determined. If these details are not resolved, the estimated cost and performance of the resulting system will be at risk.
Download or read book The Biometric Border World written by Karen Fog Olwig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, biometric border control has attained key importance throughout Europe. Employing digital images of, for example, fingerprints, DNA, bones, faces or irises, biometric technologies use bodies to identify, categorize and regulate individuals’ cross-border movements. Based on innovative collaborative fieldwork, this book examines how biometrics are developed, put to use and negotiated in key European border sites. It analyses the disparate ways in which the technologies are applied, perceived and experienced by border control agents and others managing the cross-border flow of people, by scientists and developers engaged in making the technologies, and by migrants and non-government organizations attempting to manoeuvre in the complicated and often-unpredictable systems of technological control. Biometric technologies are promoted by national and supranational authorities and industry as scientifically exact and neutral methods of identification and verification, and as an infallible solution to security threats. The ethnographic case studies in this volume demonstrate, however, that the technologies are, in fact, characterized by considerable ambiguity and uncertainty and subject to substantial subjective interpretation, translation and brokering with different implications for migrants, border guards, researchers and other actors engaged in the border world.
Download or read book Aviation Security written by Keith A. Rhodes and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biometric Recognition written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-12 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biometric recognition-the automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioral and biological characteristic-is promoted as a way to help identify terrorists, provide better control of access to physical facilities and financial accounts, and increase the efficiency of access to services and their utilization. Biometric recognition has been applied to identification of criminals, patient tracking in medical informatics, and the personalization of social services, among other things. In spite of substantial effort, however, there remain unresolved questions about the effectiveness and management of systems for biometric recognition, as well as the appropriateness and societal impact of their use. Moreover, the general public has been exposed to biometrics largely as high-technology gadgets in spy thrillers or as fear-instilling instruments of state or corporate surveillance in speculative fiction. Now, as biometric technologies appear poised for broader use, increased concerns about national security and the tracking of individuals as they cross borders have caused passports, visas, and border-crossing records to be linked to biometric data. A focus on fighting insurgencies and terrorism has led to the military deployment of biometric tools to enable recognition of individuals as friend or foe. Commercially, finger-imaging sensors, whose cost and physical size have been reduced, now appear on many laptop personal computers, handheld devices, mobile phones, and other consumer devices. Biometric Recognition: Challenges and Opportunities addresses the issues surrounding broader implementation of this technology, making two main points: first, biometric recognition systems are incredibly complex, and need to be addressed as such. Second, biometric recognition is an inherently probabilistic endeavor. Consequently, even when the technology and the system in which it is embedded are behaving as designed, there is inevitable uncertainty and risk of error. This book elaborates on these themes in detail to provide policy makers, developers, and researchers a comprehensive assessment of biometric recognition that examines current capabilities, future possibilities, and the role of government in technology and system development.
Download or read book When Biometrics Fail written by Shoshana Magnet and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-11 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the proliferation of surveillance technologies&—such as facial recognition software and digital fingerprinting&—that have come to pervade our everyday lives. Often developed as methods to ensure "national security," these technologies are also routinely employed to regulate our personal information, our work lives, what we buy, and how we live.
Download or read book Advances in Biometrics written by David Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-10 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Biometrics, ICB 2006, held in Hong Kong, China in January 2006. The book includes 104 revised full papers covering such areas of biometrics as the face, fingerprint, iris, speech and signature, biometric fusion and performance evaluation, gait, keystrokes, and more. In addition the results of the Face Authentication Competition (FAC 2006) are also announced in this volume.
Download or read book Defense Biometrics written by Davi M. D'Agostino and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biometrics technologies that collect and facilitate the sharing of fingerprint records, and other identity data, are important to national security and federal agencies recognize the need to share such information. The Department of Defense (DoD) plans to spend $3.5 billion for fiscal years 2007 to 2015 on biometrics. This report examined the extent to which DoD has: (1) adopted standards and taken actions to facilitate the collection of biometrics that are interoperable with other key federal agencies; and (2) shares biometric information across key federal agencies. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Download or read book Privacy Impact Assessment for the Automated Biometric Identification System written by Department of Department of Homeland Security and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legacy Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) developed IDENT in 1994 as a law enforcement system for collecting and processing biometrics. In 2004, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) established the U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) Program as the first large-scale biometric identification program to support immigration and border management. IDENT has evolved over the years into the central DHS-wide system for the storage and processing of biometric data. IDENT stores and processes biometric data-digital fingerprints, photographs, iris scans, and facial images-and links biometrics with biographic information to establish and verify identities. IDENT serves as a biographic and biometric repository for the Department. As a data steward, US-VISIT provides a service to its data providers and data users. US-VISIT identifies each collection by data provider and its authority to use, retain, and share it. IDENT enables sharing with authorized users after the data provider has approved the sharing. The process of retaining data provided to IDENT is referred to as enrollment. Each time an individual's biometrics are enrolled in IDENT, it is an encounter. Adding encounters to an already existing identity is referred to as an assignment. With each encounter, IDENT: Checks a person's biometrics against the IDENT watch list of known or suspected terrorists(KST), criminals, and immigration violators; Checks a person's biometrics against the entire database of fingerprints to help determine if a person is using an alias and/or attempting to use fraudulent identification; and Checks a person's biometrics against those associated with the identification document presented to help ensure that the document belongs to the person presenting it and not someone else.
Download or read book Security Risk and the Biometric State written by Benjamin Muller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a series of questions associated with the increasing application and implications of biometrics in contemporary everyday life. In the wake of the events of 9/11, the reliance on increasingly sophisticated and invasive technologies across a burgeoning field of applications has accelerated, giving rise to the term 'biometric state'. This book explores how these ‘virtual borders’ are created and the effect they have upon the politics of citizenship and immigration, especially how they contribute to the treatment of citizens as suspects. Finally and most importantly, this text argues that the rationale of 'governing through risk' facilitates pre-emptory logics, a negligent attitude towards 'false positives', and an overall proliferation of borders and ubiquitous risk, which becomes integral to contemporary everyday life, far beyond the confined politics of national borders and frontiers. By focusing on specific sites, such as virtual borders in airports, trusted traveller programs like the NEXUS program and those delivered by airlines and supported by governmental authorities (TSA and CATSA respectively), this book raises critical questions about the emerging biometric state and its commitment and constitution vis-à-vis technology of ‘governing through risk’. This book will be of interest to students of biopolitics, critical security, surveillance studies and International Relations in general. Benjamin J. Muller is assistant professor in International Relations at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. He completed his PhD in the School of Politics and International Studies at Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 2005.
Download or read book Summary of a Workshop on the Technology Policy and Cultural Dimensions of Biometric Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biometricsâ€"the use of physiological and behavioral characteristics for identification purposesâ€"has been promoted as a way to enhance security and identification efficiency. There are questions, however, about, among other issues, the effectiveness of biometric security measures, usability, and the social impacts of biometric technologies. To address these and other important questions, the NRC was asked by DARPA, the DHS, and the CIA to undertake a comprehensive assessment of biometrics that examines current capabilities, future possibilities, and the role of the government in their developments. As a first step, a workshop was held at which a variety of views about biometric technologies and systems were presented. This report presents a summary of the workshop's five panels: scientific and technical challenges; measurement, statistics, testing, and evaluation; legislative, policy, human, and cultural factors; scenarios and applications; and technical and policy aspects of information sharing. The results of this workshop coupled with other information will form the basis of the study's final report.
Download or read book Biometric Systems written by James L. Wayman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09-20 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biometric Systems provides practitioners with an overview of the principles and methods needed to build reliable biometric systems. It covers three main topics: key biometric technologies, design and management issues, and the performance evaluation of biometric systems for personal verification/identification. The four most widely used technologies are focused on - speech, fingerprint, iris and face recognition. Key features include: in-depth coverage of the technical and practical obstacles which are often neglected by application developers and system integrators and which result in shortfalls between expected and actual performance; and protocols and benchmarks which will allow developers to compare performance and track system improvements.
Download or read book Biometrics in Government Post 9 11 written by National Science National Science and Technology Council and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, prepared by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Subcommittee on Biometrics and Identity Management, documents key US Government initiatives to advance the science of biometrics and assesses their value in meeting critical operational needs. While federal efforts in biometric technologies predate the terrorist attacks of September 2001 by several decades, this report focuses on progress made since then. Working through the NSTC, and in cooperation with the academic and industrial research communities, agencies embarked on a multi-year initiative to advance the capabilities of biometric technologies. As capabilities advanced, agencies quickly incorporated them into their operational systems and then worked to develop government-wide policies on how to use biometrics to support missions against known and suspected terrorists, while simultaneously enhancing privacy protection for US Citizens and foreign visitors. By developing a common planning focus for departments and agencies we have advanced the technology and its operational implementation at a far greater pace than would have been possible otherwise. Today, federal agencies are using biometrics to enhance security and operational efficiency throughout the nation, at the borders and in the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq. Their continued efforts to meet the ongoing needs outlined in The National Biometrics Challenge will ensure even greater successes in the future.
Download or read book Technology assessment cybersecurity for critical infrastructure protection written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
