Download or read book Technologies for the Stabilization of Elemental Mercury and Mercury containing Wastes written by Sven Hagemann and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Scale Processes For Stabilizing Radioactively Contaminated Mercury Wastes written by T. E. Broderick and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes two industrial-scaled processes now being used to treat two problematic mercury waste categories: elemental mercury contaminated with radionuclides and radioactive solid wastes containing greater than 260-ppm mercury. The stabilization processes were developed by ADA Technologies, Inc., an environmental control and process development company in Littleton, Colorado. Perma-Fix Environmental Services has licensed the liquid elemental mercury stabilization process to treat radioactive mercury from Los Alamos National Laboratory and other DOE sites. ADA and Perma-Fix also cooperated to apply the>260-ppm mercury treatment technology to a storm sewer sediment waste collected from the Y-12 complex in Oak Ridge, TN.
Download or read book Proceedings and Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stabilization and Testing of Mercury Containing Wastes written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stabilization of Mercury containing Wastes Using Sulfide written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stabilization of mercury-containing wastes has received considerable attention recently, due to concerns about air emissions from typically used thermal treatment technologies. Because of the extremely low solubility of mercuric sulfide, sulfide-induced stabilization is considered to be an effective way to immobilize mercury while minimizing mercury emissions. However, little is known of the mechanisms involved. In addition, the process of sulfide-induced stabilization of mercury-containing wastes has not been sufficiently developed; therefore, further research is needed to optimize the process-controlling parameters. In this study, the stabilization of mercury-containing wastes was performed using sodium sulfide. Primary stabilization variables such as stabilization pH, sulfide/mercury (S/Hg) molar ratio, and stabilization time were investigated. Mercury stabilization effectiveness was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and constant pH leaching tests. The effectiveness of mercury immobilization by sulfide was tested in the presence of various concentrations of interfering ions. The results demonstrate that stabilization pH and sulfide dosage have significant effects on the stabilization efficacy. It was found that the most effective mercury stabilization occurs at pH 6 combined with a sulfide/mercury molar ratio of 1. The mercury stabilization efficiency reached 99%, even in the presence of interferents. The constant pH leaching results indicate that sulfide-treated mercury wastes produce significantly higher mercury concentrations in high pH (pH>10) leachants relative to others. Nevertheless, the mercury stabilization efficiency was still as high as 99%, even with exposure of the wastes to high pH leachants. Therefore, it is concluded that sulfide-induced stabilization is an effective way to stabilize mercury-containing wastes. The treatment optimization study indicates that the combined use of increased dosage of sulfide and ferrous ions (S/Hg = 2 and Fe/Hg = 3 at pH = 6) can significantly reduce the interferences by chloride and/or phosphate during sulfide-induced mercury immobilization. Visual MINTEQ simulation results indicate that the precipitation of cinnabar is the main mechanism that contributes to the mercury stabilization by sulfide. However, the formation of soluble mercury sulfide species at excess sulfide dosage due to the common ion effect can cause mercury remobilization from sulfide sludge under conditions that can exist in the landfills.
Download or read book Stabilization of Mercury in Waste Material from the Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solidification Stabilization of Elemental Mercury Waste by Amalgamation written by C. K. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments on solidification of elemental mercury waste were conducted by amalgamation with several metal powders such as copper, zinc, tin, brass and bronze. Unlike the previous studies which showed a dispersible nature after solidification, the waste forms were found to possess quite large compressive strengths in both copper and bronze amalgam forms. The durability was also confirmed by showing very minor changes of strength after 90 days of water immersion. Leachability from the amalgam forms is also shown to be low: measured mercury concentration in the leachate by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was well below the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limit. Long term leaching behavior by Accelerated Leach Test (ALT) has shown that the leaching process was dominated by diffusion and the effective diffusion coefficient was quite low (around 10-19 cm2/sec). The mercury vapor concentration from the amalgam forms were reduced to a 20% level of that for elemental mercury and to one-hundredth after 3 months.
Download or read book Stabilization solidification Treatment of Mercury Containing Wastes Using Reactivated Carbon and Cement written by Jian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the study results for a novel stabilization/solidification (S/S) process for high mercury wastes (Hg> 260 ppm). A relatively low-cost powder reactivated carbon (PAC) was used to stabilize mercury in solid wastes. Then the stabilized wastes were subjected to cement solidification. To improve the mercury adsorption capacity, PAC was impregnated with sulfides to obtain sulfurized PAC (SPAC). It was found that sulfurization of PAC by both CS 2 and Na 2 S significantly improved the mercury stabilization efficiency. For a Hg(NO 3) 2 solution with 40 mg/L initial Hg 2+, the equilibrium concentration of Hg 2+ was lowered to 110 æg/L by SPAC, compared with an equilibrium concentration of 4310 æg/L by PAC. The adsorption efficiency was increased by more than one order of magnitude. The mechanism of sulfurization on mercury adsorption was investigated. It is believed that formation of low solubility mercury-sulfide species was the major cause of this phenomenon. The cement-solidified wastes were subjected to TCLP leach testing and constant pH leach testing. For the constant pH leach testing, the wastes were leached at constant pH values of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 for 14 days. From the experimental results, it was found that, once in the solidified waste form, SPAC particles retained most of the adsorbed mercury, even in the presence of high chloride concentration, possibly due to the build-up of a gel-membrane outside the carbon pores as the hydration of cement proceeded. Experimental results from constant pH leaching tests indicated that the stabilized and solidified wastes were quite stable over a wide pH range after 14 days. A model was developed to simulate mercury sorption by reactivated carbon in stirred batch reactors. The model involved the coupling of a pseudo-second order kinetic model, surface equilibrium models, including the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm, and a material balance equation based on batch reactors. The predicted and real carbon dosages match each other very well. It can be concluded that the S/S process by reactivated carbon and cement is a robust and effective technology for immobilization treatment of high mercury wastes.
Download or read book Mercury and Arsenic Wastes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1993-12-31 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides state-of-the-art information on removal, recovery, treatment, and disposal of mercury and arsenic wastes, based on a workshop held in Alexandria, Virginia in August 1992. The goals of the workshop were: 1) to examine the fundamentals and analytical issues related to mercury and arsenic compounds; 2) to disseminate information on the state of practice of source reductiontechnologies that recover or remove mercury and arsenic from industrial wastes'and recycling or reuse processes; and 3) to discuss existing and emerging technologies that treat industrial wastes or contaminated soil and water, and the storage and disposal of treated wastes. The book is presented in two parts Mercury and Arsenic and contains extended summaries of papers presented at the workshop. The areas covered are fundamentals, analytical techniques/characterization; removal, recovery, and reuse; and treatment, storage, and disposal.
Download or read book Sulfur Polymer Stabilization written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 1,140 yd3 of radioactively contaminated soil containing toxic mercury (Hg) and several liters of mixed-waste elemental mercury were generated during a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) removal action at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science and Technology Mixed Waste Focus Area (DOE MWFA) is sponsoring a comparison of several technologies that may be used to treat these wastes and similar wastes at BNL and other sites across the DOE complex. This report describes work conducted at BNL on the application and pilot-scale demonstration of the newly developed Sulfur Polymer Stabilization/Solidification (SPSS) process for treatment of contaminated mixed-waste soils containing high concentrations ((approximately) 5,000 mg/L) of mercury and liquid elemental mercury. BNL's SPSS (patent pending) process chemically stabilizes the mercury to reduce vapor pressure and leachability and physically encapsulates the waste in a solid matrix to eliminate dispersion and provide long-term durability. Two 55-gallon drums of mixed-waste soil containing high concentrations of mercury and about 62 kg of radioactive contaminated elemental mercury were successfully treated. Waste loadings of 60 wt% soil were achieved without resulting in any increase in waste volume, while elemental mercury was solidified at a waste loading of 33 wt% mercury. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analyses indicate the final waste form products pass current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allowable TCLP concentrations as well as the more stringent proposed Universal Treatment Standards. Mass balance measurements show that 99.7% of the mercury treated was successfully retained within the waste form, while only 0.3% was captured in the off gas system.
Download or read book A Perspective of Hazardous Waste and Mixed Waste Treatment Technology at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment technologies for the preparation and treatment of heavy metal mixed wastes, contaminated soils, and mixed mercury wastes are being considered at the Savannah River Site (SRS), a DOE nuclear material processing facility operated by Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC). The proposed treatment technologies to be included at the Hazardous Waste/Mixed Waste Treatment Building at SRS are based on the regulatory requirements, projected waste volumes, existing technology, cost effectiveness, and project schedule. Waste sorting and size reduction are the initial step in the treatment process. After sorting/size reduction the wastes would go to the next applicable treatment module. For solid heavy metal mixed wastes the proposed treatment is macroencapsulation using a thermoplastic polymer. This process reduces the leachability of hazardous constituents from the waste and allows easy verification of the coating integrity. Stabilization and solidification in a cement matrix will treat a wide variety of wastes (i.e. soils, decontamination water). Some pretreatments may be required (i.e. Ph adjustment) before stabilization. Other pretreatments such as soil washing can reduce the amount of waste to be stabilized. Radioactive contaminated mercury waste at the SRS comes in numerous forms (i.e. process equipment, soils, and lab waste) with the required treatment of high mercury wastes being roasting/retorting and recovery. Any unrecyclable radioactive contaminated elemental mercury would be amalgamated, utilizing a batch system, before disposal.
Download or read book Final Disposal Options for Mercury written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory testing was completed on chemical stabilization and physical encapsulation methods that are applicable (to comply with federal and state regulations) to the final disposal of both hazardous and mixed hazardous elemental mercury waste that is in either of the following categories: (1) waste generated during decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) activities on mercury-contaminated buildings, such as Building 9201-4 at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, or (2) waste stored and regulated under either the Federal Facilities Compliance Agreement or the Federal Facilities Compliance Act. Methods were used that produced copper-mercury, zinc-mercury, and sulfur-mercury materials at room temperature by dry mixing techniques. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results for mercury on batches of both the copper-mercury and the sulfur-mercury amalgams consistently produced leachates with less than the 0.2-mg/L Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulatory limit for mercury. The results clearly showed that the reaction of mercury with sulfur at room temperature produces black mercuric sulfide, a material that is well suited for land disposal. The results also showed that the copper-mercury and zinc-mercury amalgams had major adverse properties that make them undesirable for land disposal. In particular, they reacted readily in air to form oxides and liberate elemental mercury. Another major finding of this study is that sulfur polymer cement is potentially useful as a physical encapsulating agent for mercuric sulfide. This material provides a barrier in addition to the chemical stabilization that further prevents mercury, in the form of mercuric sulfide, from migrating into the environment.
Download or read book Demonstration of New Technologies Required for the Treatment of Mixed Waste Contaminated with E 60 Ppm Mercury written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines several categories of mercury wastes, each of which has a defined technology or concentration-based treatment standard, or universal treatment standard (UTS). RCRA defines mercury hazardous wastes as any waste that has a TCLP value for mercury of 0.2 mg/L or greater. Three of these categories, all nonwastewaters, fall within the scope of this report on new technologies to treat mercury-contaminated wastes: wastes as elemental mercury; hazardous wastes with less than 260 mg/kg [parts per million (ppm)] mercury; and hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury. While this report deals specifically with the last category--hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury--the other two categories will be discussed briefly so that the full range of mercury treatment challenges can be understood. The treatment methods for these three categories are as follows: Waste as elemental mercury--RCRA identifies amalgamation (AMLGM) as the treatment standard for radioactive elemental mercury. However, radioactive mercury condensates from retorting (RMERC) processes also require amalgamation. In addition, incineration (IMERC) and RMERC processes that produce residues with>260 ppm of radioactive mercury contamination and that fail the RCRA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) limit for mercury (0.20 mg/L) require RMERC, followed by AMLGM of the condensate. Waste with
Download or read book Demonstration of New Technologies Required for the Treatment of Mixed Waste Contaminated with ge 260 Ppm Mercury written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines several categories of mercury wastes, each of which has a defined technology or concentration-based treatment standard, or universal treatment standard (UTS). RCRA defines mercury hazardous wastes as any waste that has a TCLP value for mercury of 0.2 mg/L or greater. Three of these categories, all nonwastewaters, fall within the scope of this report on new technologies to treat mercury-contaminated wastes: wastes as elemental mercury; hazardous wastes with less than 260 mg/kg [parts per million (ppm)] mercury; and hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury. While this report deals specifically with the last category--hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury--the other two categories will be discussed briefly so that the full range of mercury treatment challenges can be understood. The treatment methods for these three categories are as follows: Waste as elemental mercury--RCRA identifies amalgamation (AMLGM) as the treatment standard for radioactive elemental mercury. However, radioactive mercury condensates from retorting (RMERC) processes also require amalgamation. In addition, incineration (IMERC) and RMERC processes that produce residues with>260 ppm of radioactive mercury contamination and that fail the RCRA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) limit for mercury (0.20 mg/L) require RMERC, followed by AMLGM of the condensate. Waste with
Download or read book Stabilization and Testing of Mercury Containing Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Alternatives for the Remediation of Soils Contaminated with As Cd Cr Hg and Pb written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disposal Strategy of Proton Irradiated Mercury from High Power Spallation Sources written by Suresh Chiriki and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2010 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
