Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

Download or read book An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways to incorporate them into medical practice, and how to weigh their cost against potential short- and long-term benefits. As the availability of genetic tests increases so do concerns about the achievement of meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes, costs of testing, and the potential for accentuating medical care inequality. Given the rapid pace in the development of genetic tests and new testing technologies, An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing seeks to advance the development of an adequate evidence base for genetic tests to improve patient care and treatment. Additionally, this report recommends a framework for decision-making regarding the use of genetic tests in clinical care.

Download or read book Pregnancy After Assisted Reproductive Technology written by Eric Jauniaux and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical, evidence-based guide to managing ART pregnancies, based on 30 years of clinical experience, including gynaecological, genetic and obstetric complications.

Download or read book Technologies for Prenatal Diagnosis and Assessment of Genetic Disorders written by Fan Jin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birth defects are one of the major public health concerns in the world, as they cause approximately 20% of infant deaths. Genetic disorders, including chromosome abnormalities and single gene disorders, are the most common causes of birth defects for which there is no efficient treatment. Prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis allow early identification of affected conceptuses and facilitates reproduction planning or counseling. Molecular technologies have developed rapidly in recent years and have been widely used in screening and diagnosis of genetic disorders at all stages of prenatal development (e.g. pre-implantation, embryonic and fetal). However, their performance still needs to be validated and assessed as the balance between their advantages and disadvantages need to be discussed. With the ability to detect copy number variations (CNVs), polyploidy, uniparental disomy and maternal cell contamination, SNP-based chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is showing the unique importance in diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities. The interpretation of CNVs remains a challenge; however, ultrasound and biochemical screening improve the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) play increasingly significant roles in prenatal and carrier screening for genetic disorders. NGS-based non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is now widely used for detecting common autosomal aneuploidies and has shown the potential of detecting microdeletions and microduplications. However, further investigations of the sensitivity and accuracy are required and large-scale data is necessary to evaluate the performance and clinical applications of current and new methods. Recently, reports of application of newer technologies in prenatal setting became available. Examples include third generation sequencing (reading the nucleotide sequences at the single molecule level), digital PCR (used for direct quantification of DNA) and cell-based NIPT. In the followed listed papers, the authors showed their successful experiences in identifying novel mutation, detecting low-level mosaicism or de novo mutations limited in germline cells, investigating the association of the CNVs with specific phenotypic alterations by using WES, CMA, digital PCR and some other new-developed molecular techniques. More interesting, the authors also presented a report about the evaluation of diagnostic yield in fetal WES, which suggested a new tendency to apply WES or WGS directly for prenatal diagnosis. We believed that the efficiency of scanning causative mutations and prenatal or preimplantion genetic diagnosis for genetic disorders will further improved based on the technologies of whole genomic sequencing with further improved output and resolution. New techniques, such as quick-WES for the newborn in intensive care unit, direct-WGS for prenatal diagnosis and non-invasive test for fetal monogenic disorders, will become available in the near future.

Download or read book Noninvasive Prenatal Testing NIPT written by Lieve Page-Christiaens and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its introduction in 2012, cell-free (cf) DNA based Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) has been employed to test for fetal chromosome abnormalities, and gene mutations that lead to a variety of genetic conditions, by millions of pregnant women, in more than 90 countries worldwide. With Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Applied Genomics in Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis, Dr Lieve Page-Christiaens and Dr Hanns-Georg Klein have compiled the first authoritative volume on cfDNA NIPT methods and their clinical implementation. - Provides a thorough, practical examination of the history of NIPT, NIPT laboratory techniques and bioinformatics, NIPT screening and diagnostics for a wide range of disorders and birth defects - Presents leading, international experts who discuss the application of NIPT in early screening for common aneuploidies, fetal chromosome anomalies, autosomal trisomies, fetal blood group typing, and maternal constitutional and acquired copy number variants - Includes full color imagery that enhances concept illustration, along with detailed descriptions of the benefits (and limitations) of NIPT - Offers clinicians, researchers, genetic counselors and reproductive specialists of all kinds the required background information, methodologies and essential patient counseling techniques

Download or read book Medical and Health Genomics written by Dhavendra Kumar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-04 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Genomics provides concise and evidence-based technical and practical information on the applied and translational aspects of genome sciences and the technologies related to non-clinical medicine and public health. Coverage is based on evolving paradigms of genomic medicine—in particular, the relation to public and population health genomics now being rapidly incorporated in health management and administration, with further implications for clinical population and disease management. - Provides extensive coverage of the emergent field of health genomics and its huge relevance to healthcare management - Presents user-friendly language accompanied by explanatory diagrams, figures, and many references for further study - Covers the applied, but non-clinical, sciences across disease discovery, genetic analysis, genetic screening, and prevention and management - Details the impact of clinical genomics across a diverse array of public and community health issues, and within a variety of global healthcare systems

Download or read book Prenatal Genetic Counseling written by Sam Riedijk and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-20 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Clinical Genetics**Prenatal Genetic Counseling: Practical Support for Prenatal Diagnostics, Decision-Making, and Dealing with Uncertainty provides a foundation for new research and a one-stop source for physicians, genetic counselors, psychologists, social workers, general practitioners, grief workers, translational researchers, and administrators seeking to work in the field of clinical genomics ethically and in full consideration of patients' psychological well-being. Here, an international team of experienced counselors and clinician-scientists lay out the range of methods and technologies applied in prenatal decision-making, including NIPT; invasive testing with microarray analysis or whole genome sequencing; ultrasound screening; and prenatal diagnosis for known hereditary conditions, among others. From here, they examine specific challenges in the clinical translation. In a field where decisions about life or death of a child are made, professionals are bound to encounter uncertainty. This book was co-created by health care practitioners, scientists, patients and students to provide insights and direction for offering support straight from the heart to couples faced with fetal anomalies. To make this possible for all couples, diversity in prenatal genetic counseling is also addressed. Finally, next steps in prenatal genetic counseling research and clinical implementation are discussed. As we are challenged by the rapid advances in prenatal genomics, so are our patients. Learning from our patients with every encounter, this book aims to offer access to the insights we gathered as well as to stimulate lifelong learning. - Features a range of international chapter authors addressing prenatal medicine from bench-to-bedside, including health care practitioners, scientists, patients and students - Covers use and psychological implications of technologies applied in prenatal decision-making, including NIPT, invasive testing with microarray analysis; exome sequencing; whole genome sequencing; and ultrasound screening and addresses diversity in prenatal genetic counseling - Discusses next steps for prenatal genetic counseling research and common challenges in the clinic, with detailed case descriptions offering insights from the authors' counseling experiences

Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Download or read book Genetics of Bone Biology and Skeletal Disease written by Rajesh V. Thakker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics of Bone Biology and Skeletal Disease, Second Edition, is aimed at students of bone biology and genetics and includes general introductory chapters on bone biology and genetics. More specific disease orientated chapters comprehensively summarize the clinical, genetic, molecular, animal model, molecular pathology, diagnostic, counseling, and treatment aspects of each disorder. The book is organized into five sections that each emphasize a particular theme, general background to bone biology, general background to genetics and epigenetics, disorders of bone and joint, parathyroid and related disorders, and vitamin D and renal disorders. The first section is specifically devoted to providing an overview of bone biology and structure, joint and cartilage biology, principles of endocrine regulation of bone, and the role of neuronal regulation and energy homeostasis. The second section reviews the principles and progress of medical genetics and epigenetics related to bone disease, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic profiling, copy number variation, prospects of gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, genetic testing and counseling, as well as the generation and utilizing of mouse models. The third section details advances in the genetics and molecular biology of bone and joint diseases, both monogenic and polygenic, as well as skeletal dysplasias, and rarer bone disorders. The fourth section highlights the central role of the parathyroids in calcium and skeletal homeostasis by reviewing the molecular genetics of: hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyrodism, endocrine neoplasias, and disorders of the PTH and calcium-sensing receptors. The fifth section details molecular and cellular advances across associated renal disorders such as vitamin D and rickets. - Identifies and analyzes the genetic basis of bone disorders in humans and demonstrates the utility of mouse models in furthering the knowledge of mechanisms and evaluation of treatments - Demonstrates how the interactions between bone and joint biology, physiology, and genetics have greatly enhanced the understanding of normal bone function as well as the molecular pathogenesis of metabolic bone disorders - Summarizes the clinical, genetic, molecular, animal model, molecular pathology, diagnostic, counseling, and treatment aspects of each disorder

Download or read book Genomic Disorders written by James R. Lupski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A grand summary and synthesis of the tremendous amount of data now available in the post genomic era on the structural features, architecture, and evolution of the human genome. The authors demonstrate how such architectural features may be important to both evolution and to explaining the susceptibility to those DNA rearrangements associated with disease. Technologies to assay for such structural variation of the human genome and to model genomic disorders in mice are also presented. Two appendices detail the genomic disorders, providing genomic features at the locus undergoing rearrangement, their clinical features, and frequency of detection.

Download or read book Clinical Maternal Fetal Medicine written by Hung N. Winn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal-fetal medicine has evolved over the last three decades to become a well-established discipline. The current understanding of maternal physiology and pathophysiology has allowed us to obtain more accurate diagnoses and to provide more effective treatments of medical, surgical, and obstetrical maternal complications. More importantly, the fetus has become a distinct individual whose in utero environment has become much more accessible to study, diagnose, and treatment. Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine addresses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of common medical and obstetrical maternal complications and fetal complications. It provides a concise and timely review of clinically relevant topics in this discipline. The textbook is a comprehensive reference covering the wide range of disciplines that make up maternal-fetal medicine.

Download or read book Genetics in the Clinic written by Mary Briody Mahowald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics in the Clinicprovides a broad understanding of advances in genetics and their implications for primary care practice. The book begins with basic concepts in genetics, diagnosis and management of genetic disease, cancer genetics, and prenatal testing. Part Two deals with topics relevant to all areas of primary care, such as cultural and ethnic differences, the role of the nurse, and genetic counselling. Part Threeaddresses ethical or social issues applicable to specific practices. The book's final section considers regulatory matters, including the impact of managed care and insurance and employment issues. Practitioners who are knowledgeable about health care, but who have no special training in genetics, will find this book especially useful as they learn to deal with the clinical, ethical, and social implications of advances in genetics for their practice. Thoroughly explains how to obtain a useful family history, what kind of genetic tests to order and when, how to counsel parents about testing of children, how to counsel for late onset or susceptibility conditions, and how to identify those for whom cancer risk or other risk testing is appropriate. Expert perspectives on disability, ethnic, gender, and class differences, reflecting the wide variety of patients seen by today's practitioners. Glossary of genetic terms and extensive bibliography of print and electronic sources - useful for clinicians who want to update their practice or for explaining complex terminology to patients. Dr. McKusick is world-renowned for his expertise in the field of human genetics and specific genetic conditions. Contributors have been trained in various areas of primary care: obstetrics, paediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine, and nursing

Download or read book Genetic Steroid Disorders written by Maria I. New and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Steroid Disorders, Second Edition targets adult and pediatric endocrinologists, clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, reproductive endocrinologists, neonatologists, urologists, and psychoendocrinologists. It is designed to assist these specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of steroid disorders. This revision includes a new chapter on "Gonadotropins, Obesity and Bone" and new research on non-invasive prenatal diagnosis with cell-free DNA. Chapters are thoroughly updated covering steroid disorders, the genetic bases for the disorder and case presentations, This definitive reference belongs in every medical library! - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of genetic steroid disorders in one reference work - Provides a common language for endocrinologists, geneticists, molecular pathologists, and genetic counselors to discuss and diagnose genetic steroid disorders Saves clinicians and researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on genetic tests and diagnoses as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles - Highlights significant discoveries with clinical relevance, presenting insight into which medications to use based on the genetic makeup of a patient - Teaches the best strategies and most effective use of genetic information in the patient counseling setting

Download or read book Screening for Down s Syndrome written by J. G. Grudzinskas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new publication summarises the recent exciting advances in screening for Down's syndrome. It addresses important clinical questions such as: risk assessment, who to screen, when to screen, which techniques to use, and the organisation of screening programmes nationally and internationally. An international and authoritative team of authors has been invited to assess the latest developments in this rapidly advancing area. The volume provides a critical and much needed evaluation of the potential and limitations of new and established techniques for screening for Down's syndrome. It will serve as an essential source of information for all those involved in pre-natal diagnosis and the provision of obstetric care.

Download or read book Diagnostic Molecular Biology written by Chang-Hui Shen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnostic Molecular Biology, Second Edition describes the fundamentals of molecular biology in a clear, concise manner with each technique explained within its conceptual framework and current applications of clinical laboratory techniques comprehensively covered. This targeted approach covers the principles of molecular biology, including basic knowledge of nucleic acids, proteins and chromosomes; the basic techniques and instrumentations commonly used in the field of molecular biology, including detailed procedures and explanations; and the applications of the principles and techniques currently employed in the clinical laboratory. Topics such as whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq round out the discussion. Fully updated, this new edition adds recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infections in humans, like influenza, RSV, hAdV, hRV but also corona. This book expands the discussion on NGS application and its role in future precision medicine. - Provides explanations on how techniques are used to diagnosis at the molecular level - Explains how to use information technology to communicate and assess results in the lab - Enhances our understanding of fundamental molecular biology and places techniques in context - Places protocols into context with practical applications - Includes extra chapters on respiratory viruses (Corona)

Download or read book Reproductive Genetics written by Sean Kehoe and published by RCOG. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the findings of the RCOG Study Group findings on genetics underlying reproductive function.

Download or read book Handbook of DNA Profiling written by Hirak Ranjan Dash and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book comprehensively reviews the significance of DNA technology in forensic science. After presenting the theory, basic principles, tools and techniques that are used in forensic DNA typing, it summarizes various techniques, including autosomal STR, Y-STR, X-STR, mitochondrial DNA and NGS, used in solving both criminal as and civil cases, such as paternity disputes, identification of mutilated remains, and culprit identification in sexual assault and murder cases. It also provides an overview of DNA-based genetic diagnostics for various diseases, and discusses the role of DNA typing in drug reactions, as well as the application of non-human DNA profiling of animals and plants in forensic science investigations. Lastly, the book examines the role of internal quality control in maintaining the high quality of DNA profiling.