Download or read book Technological Change and the Demand for Skills in the 1980s written by David Howell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharp decline in real wages and the drop in relative earnings among low-skilled workers generally is attributed to structural shifts in the labor force induced by technological change that has limited the demand for workers with low skill levels. While the claim that the cause of reduced earnings is a decline in the demand for low-skilled workers is common, the statistical evidence backing this assertion has not established such a link. In attempting to explain the reasons underlying the 15-year decline in earnings, David R. Howell asserts that, in fact, the skill mismatch does not adequately explain the problems faced by low-skill workers: If technological change did indeed reduce the demand for lower skilled workers, there should have been a corresponding decline in the employment share of these workers as well as a steadily rising rate of joblessness among them. Instead, dramatic growth in the demand for low-wage workers took place during the past 15 years, while their wages continued on a downward path. In an examination of employment trends among the non-supervisory workforce, Howell finds that there was a rise in low-wage jobs in both goods and service industries. In fact, "the last decade and a half has made it abundantly clear that the choice concerning the non-supervisory workforce is not limited to high skills or low wages," but instead "toward gradually higher skills with dramatically lower wages." The case study literature indicates that technological change did not alter the skill distribution among jobs, but that changes in job opportunities and skill level requirements varied by firm, industry, and occupation.
Download or read book Technological Change and the Demand for Skills in the 1980s written by David R. Howell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Is Skill biased Technological Change Here Yet written by Eli Berman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most high and middle-income countries showed symptoms of skill-biased technological change in the 1980s. India-a low income country-did not, perhaps because India's traditionally controlled economy may have limited the transfer of technologies from abroad. However the economy underwent a sharp reform and a manufacturing boom in the 1990s, raising the possibility that technology absorption may have accelerated during the past decade. The authors investigate the hypothesis that skill-biased technological change did in fact arrive in India in the 1990s using panel data disaggregated by industry and state from the Annual Survey of Industry. These data confirm that while the 1980s were a period of falling skills demand, the 1990s showed generally rising demand for skills, with variation across states. They find that increased output and capital-skill complementarity appear to be the best explanations of skill upgrading in the 1990s. Skill upgrading did not occur in the same set of industries in India as it did in other countries, suggesting that increased demand for skills in Indian manufacturing is not due to the international diffusion of recent vintages of skill-biased technologies.
Download or read book Technological Change and Outsourcing Competing Or Complementary Explanations for the Rising Demand for Skills During the 1980s written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper combines two of the popular approaches used in the trade versus technology debate: the factor content approach and the cost-share regression across manufacturing industries. The resulting method allows to decompose skill upgrading at the industry level into a component attributed to outsourcing and a residual. Surprisingly, computer investment explains the component attributed to outsourcing better than the residual suggesting that technological change may have contributed to higher disintegration of production already during the 1980s.
Download or read book The Race between Education and Technology written by Claudia Goldin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.
Download or read book Created Unequal written by James K. Galbraith and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2000-12-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strong U.S. economy in the late 1990s has validated the bold thesis of this book. Created Unequal shows that America's historically high inequality of pay and incomes is not the result of impersonal market forces such as technology or trade, but of bad economic policies over several decades and the poor performance they created. Featuring a new preface on the improvements since 1994, Created Unequal is a rousing book that reminds us we can reclaim our country through economic understanding, commonsense policy, and political action.
Download or read book Implications of Skill Biased Technological Change written by Eli Berman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for less skilled workers plummeted in developed countries in the 1980s. In open economies, pervasive skill biased technological change (SBTC) can explain this decline. The more countries experiencing a SBTC the greater its potential to decrease local demands for unskilled labor by increasing the world supply of unskilled-intensive goods. We find strong evidence for pervasive SBTC in developed countries. Most industries increased the proportion of skilled workers despite generally rising or stable relative wages. Moreover, the same manufacturing industries simultaneously increased demand for skills in different countries. Many developing countries also show increased skill premia, a pattern consistent with SBTC.
Download or read book College for All written by David Boesel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Working America 1996 97 written by and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1994 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Working America written by Lawrence Mishel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Working America, 1996-97 presents a statistical portrait of the standard of living of America's working families based on the most recent data available. By thoroughly analyzing areas such as family income, taxes, wages, jobs, wealth, and poverty, Mishel, Bernstein, and Schmitt show how the current economy is reflected in the lives of American workers. The new edition will update all statistical data and add a chapter on regional differences.
Download or read book Closing the Gap in Education and Technology written by David M. De Ferranti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental elements to unlocking the potential of technology to speed up economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are investing in education, opening up new technologies through foreign trade and investment, and encouraging private sector research and development. 'Closing the Gap in Education and Technology' advises Latin American and Caribbean governments to address the region's deficits in skills and technology, and thereby boost productivity, ultimately improving growth prospects. To close this 'productivity gap' in the region, the report calls for a range of policy approaches and strategies, depending on a country's level of development. It identifies three progressive stages in a country's technological evolution -- adoption, adaptation, and creation -- and observes that policies should be designed to address the particular challenges that accompany each stage.In conclusion, 'Closing the Gap in Education and Technology' argues that many countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region have been improving education and social risk management systems so that they are now ready to benefit from the rewards associated with creating stronger trade and technology ties with countries that are more technologically advanced.
Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern labor economics has continued to grow and develop since the first volumes of this Handbook were published. The subject matter of labor economics continues to have at its core an attempt to systematically find empirical analyses that are consistent with a systematic and parsimonious theoretical understanding of the diverse phenomenon that make up the labor market. As before, many of these analyses are provocative and controversial because they are so directly relevant to both public policy and private decision making. In many ways the modern development in the field of labor economics continues to set the standards for the best work in applied economics. This volume of the Handbook has a notable representation of authors - and topics of importance - from throughout the world.
Download or read book Technological Change and Employment written by Ronald Schettkat and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Technological Change and Employment".
Download or read book Does Education Really Help written by Edward N. Wolff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-25 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the conventional wisdom that greater schooling and skill improvement leads to higher wages, that income inequality falls with wider access to schooling, and that the Information Technology revolution will re-ignite worker pay. Indeed, the econometric results provide no evidence that the growth of skills or educational attainment has any statistically significant relation to earnings growth or that greater equality in schooling has led to a decline in income inequality. Results also indicate that computer investment is negatively related to earnings gains and positively associated with changes in both income inequality and the dispersion of worker skills. The findings reports here have direct relevance to ongoing policy debates on educational reform in the U.S.
Download or read book The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change written by David H. Autor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We apply an understanding of what computers do - the execution of procedural or rules-based logic - to study how computer technology alters job skill demands. We contend that computer capital (1) substitutes for a limited and well-defined set of human activities, those involving routine (repetitive) cognitive and manual tasks; and (2) complements activities involving non-routine problem solving and interactive tasks. Provided these tasks are imperfect substitutes, our model implies measurable changes in the task content of employment, which we explore using representative data on job task requirements over 1960-1998. Computerization is associated with declining relative industry demand for routine manual and cognitive tasks and increased relative demand for non-routine cognitive tasks. Shifts are evident within detailed industries, within detailed occupation, and within education groups within industries. Translating observed taskshifts into educational demands, the sum of within-industry and within-occupation task changes explains thirty to forty percent of the observed relative demand shift favoring college versus non-college labor during 1970 to 1998, with the largest impact felt after 1980. Changes in task content within nominally identical occupations explain more than half of the overall demand shift induced by computerization. Keywords: Technological Change, Inequality, Computerization, Labor Demand, Demand for Skill.
Download or read book Inequalities During and After Transition in Central and Eastern Europe written by Cristiano Perugini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the key aspects of social and economic inequalities developed during the transition of the formerly planned European economies. Particular emphasis is given to the latest years available in order to consider the effects of the global crisis started in 2008-2009.
Download or read book EBOOK LABOR ECONOMICS written by BORJAS and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EBOOK: LABOR ECONOMICS
