Download or read book Techno economic Assessment of Industrial Co2 Storage in Depleted Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Farid Tayari and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research suggests two categories of carbon management methods to help control and reduce net CO2 emissions: increasing the efficiency of energy processes to reduce CO2 production and utilizing processes after CO2 production to reduce the amount of emission.Second chapter analyzes the use of remotely controllable household water heaters as a technique that can reduce the variability cost of wind power in the system. Produced wind power is variable and integrating large scale wind power with power system needs backup facility to keep the system reliable. Thus, variability of wind power imposes cost on the system which is called variability cost. Using a computational model, this research simulates a system of three elements: wind farm, household water heaters and grid (as power system) and suggests that using controllable water heaters as demand side management policy can help reducing variability cost of entire system. This chapter analyzes and compares three scenarios to show the effect of distributed thermal storage on variability of wind power. Third chapter develops a techno-economic model for assessment of industrial CO2 storage in Shale gas reservoirs. CO2 storage in underground deep formations can be a long-term efficient way for carbon management. In this method, CO2 needs to be captured from emitter (industrial plant), pressurized, transported with pipeline and then injected to the reservoir. CO2 sequestration for Enhanced Gas Recovery is technically feasible but its economic feasibility depends on many factors. This research has developed a techno-economic model, integrated with a reservoir simulation tool (SRM), to analyze costs associated with CO2 sequestration in Shale gas. Cost structure in techno-economic model has four parts (modules): Transportation, Injection, Production, and Post-Injection Site Care. Each module generates individual results and also contributes with other modules in producing overall results. Various scenarios defined and tested with the model to give a better understanding about sensitivity and importance of input parameters.Fourth chapter utilizes the upgraded version of techno-economic model to run stochastic, uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis. This chapter also studies the production and injection timing under uncertainty to find more efficient results. In addition to results in third chapter, subsurface and economic parameters have substantial impact on costs and revenue. Reservoir properties along with well characteristics determine CH4 production, CO2 injection, storage capacity, possible CO2 breakthrough in production and so on. Upgraded model has the capability of studying sensitivity of each single geologic property individually or any combination of them. Forth chapter will study the impact of influential variables to explore the sensitivity of outputs to major inputs.
Download or read book ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION IN DEPLETED SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS written by Ihsan Kulga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the possibility of industrial CO2 storage in shale gas reservoirs is investigated numerically by using one of the most advanced computational simulators in oil and gas industry, PSU-SHALECOMP, which is a compositional dual porosity, dual permeability, multi-phase reservoir simulator. A computationally inexpensive "stimulated reservoir volume" (SRV) model which has the ability to generate a similar behavior of an equivalent discrete fracture network model is defined and implemented. Three different commercial production profiles are history-matched by using the SRV approach effectively. It is re-proved that implementation of the horizontal borehole technology and hydraulic fracturing are the two most important factors that will increase the efficacy of methane production and carbon dioxide injection processes. It is observed that significantly large percentage of the produced gas originates from the fractured zone so as significantly large percentage of the injected gas will end up occupying the pore spaces in the fractured zone. Injection of carbon dioxide into undepleted shale gas reservoirs is not promising because of its ultra-tight permeability characteristics. Injection of carbon dioxide into shale gas reservoirs that have produced approximately 30\% of the initial gas in place is promising. It is observed that when 30\% of shale gas production is achieved, up to 70\% of the depleted gas volume is expected to be replaced by carbon dioxide.The storage capacity of the depleted shale gas reservoir can be increased by injecting carbon dioxide at a rather low rate. A low rate injection of carbon dioxide will increase its residence time in the flow domain increasing its chances for adsorption.If the SRV zones of the production and injection wells are not in direct communication, it is not expected to see carbon dioxide breakthrough at the producing well. It is also investigated that contribution of carbon dioxide in enhancing the shale gas recovery is negligible. The study includes developments of four artificial neural network tools that have different production of methane and injection of carbon dioxide constraints. These four forward tools can produce production and injection profiles of a given system within an error range of 3.83\% to 5.23\%. This part of the study also includes four additional artificial neural network tools that predicts wellbore design and hydraulic fracture characteristics within an error range of 8.24\% to 9.93\%.
Download or read book CO2 Utilization and Storage in Shale Gas Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas is considered a cleaner and lower-emission fuel than coal, and its high abundance from advanced drilling techniques has positioned natural gas as a major alternative energy source for the U.S. However, each ton of CO2 emitted from any type of fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase global atmospheric concentrations. One unique approach to reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions involves coupling CO2 based enhanced gas recovery (EGR) operations in depleted shale gas reservoirs with long-term CO2 storage operations. In this paper, we report unique findings about the interactions between important shale minerals and sorbing gases (CH4 and CO2) and associated economic consequences. Where enhanced condensation of CO2 followed by desorption on clay surface is observed under supercritical conditions, a linear sorption profile emerges for CH4. Volumetric changes to montmorillonites occur during exposure to CO2. Theory-based simulations identify interactions with interlayer cations as energetically favorable for CO2 intercalation. In contrast, experimental evidence suggests CH4 does not occupy the interlayer and has only the propensity for surface adsorption. Mixed CH4:CO2 gas systems, where CH4 concentrations prevail, indicate preferential CO2 sorption as determined by in situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Collectively, these laboratory studies combined with a cost-based economic analysis provide a basis for identifying favorable CO2-EOR opportunities in previously fractured shale gas reservoirs approaching final stages of primary gas production. Moreover, utilization of site-specific laboratory measurements in reservoir simulators provides insight into optimum injection strategies for maximizing CH4/CO2 exchange rates to obtain peak natural gas production.
Download or read book Facilitated Transport Membranes FTMs for CO2 Capture Overview and Future Trends written by Sarah Farrukh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-13 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the importance of Facilitated Transport Membranes (FTMs) for the application of carbon capture, covering its introduction, gas transport phenomena and models, reaction mechanisms, industrial applications such as bio-gas upgradation, flue gas separation, hydrogen gas and natural gas purification, fabrication methods of both FTMs and their carrier mediums, testing/characterization techniques, techno-analysis with up-to-date trends and the future outlooks. Climate change and environmental impacts are resulted due to greenhouse gases, particularly CO2. The industrial revolution is currently causing the augmented emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, various technologies are being looked at to overcome these problems. In which, membrane technology is key among them and is envisaged for many industrial applications, especially for gas separations and carbon capture. Considering this, FTMs are being actively investigated due to their remarkable gas separation performance. This book describes the working principle of FTMs and includes case studies to explore their impact on different industrial applications. Also, the book highlights how FTMs are reshaping science to capture CO2 for reducing climate and environmental impacts.
Download or read book Numerical study of underground CO2 storage and the utilization in depleted gas reservoirs written by Cheng Cao and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered as the most promising technology for slowing down the atmospheric CO2 emissions. However, CCS has not been implemented on large scale because of the related risks and the lack of financial incentives. Regarding the risks associated with CCS, a parametric uncertainty analysis for CO2 storage was conducted and the general roles of different key geomechanical and hydrogeological parameters in response to CO2 injection were determined, which is beneficial for guiding time and effort spent mitigating the uncertainty to acquire trustworthy model forecasts and risk assessments. Regarding the financial incentives of CCS, co-injection of CO2 with impurities associated with enhanced gas recovery was analyzed, which is advantageous for decreasing the cost on gas separation and generating additional economic profit. In addition, the utilization of CO2 as cushion gas in the underground gas storage reservoir was proposed and analyzed, which can also be beneficial for improving the cost-effectiveness of CCS. Overall, this thesis is advantageous for promoting the application of CCS on large scale and mitigating the atmospheric CO2 emissions. Die Kohlenstoffabscheidung und –speicherung (CCS) gilt als die vielversprechendste Technologie zur Verlangsamung der atmosphärischen CO2–Emissionen. CCS wurde jedoch aufgrund der damit verbundenen Risiken und des Mangels an finanziellen Anreizen nicht in großem Umfang implementiert. In Bezug auf die mit CCS verbundenen Risiken wurde eine parametrische Unsicherheitsanalyse für die CO2-Speicherung durchgeführt und die allgemeinen Rollen verschiedener geomechanischer und hydrogeologischer Schlüsselparameter als Reaktion auf die CO2-Injektion ermittelt. Dies ist hilfreich, um den Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand für die Minderung der Unsicherheit zu verringern, um vertrauenswürdig zu werden Modellprognosen und Risikobewertungen. In Bezug auf die finanziellen Anreize von CCS wurde die gleichzeitige Injektion von CO2 mit Verunreinigungen im Zusammenhang mit einer verbesserten Gasrückgewinnung analysiert. Dies ist vorteilhaft, um die Kosten für die Gastrennung zu senken und zusätzlichen wirtschaftlichen Gewinn zu erzielen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Verwendung von CO2 als Polstergas im unterirdischen Gasspeicher vorgeschlagen und analysiert, was auch zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von CCS beitragen kann. Insgesamt ist diese These vorteilhaft, um die Anwendung von CCS in großem Maßstab zu fördern und die atmosphärischen CO2-Emissionen zu verringern.
Download or read book Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream written by Nimir O. Elbashir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the current status and challenges for natural gas and shale gas production, treatment and monetization technologies Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream presents an international perspective on the production and monetization of shale gas and natural gas. The authors review techno-economic assessments of the midstream and downstream natural gas processing technologies. Comprehensive in scope, the text offers insight into the current status and the challenges facing the advancement of the midstream natural gas treatments. Treatments covered include gas sweeting processes, sulfur recovery units, gas dehydration and natural gas pipeline transportation. The authors highlight the downstream processes including physical treatment and chemical conversion of both direct and indirect conversion. The book also contains an important overview of natural gas monetization processes and the potential for shale gas to play a role in the future of the energy market, specifically for the production of ultra-clean fuels and value-added chemicals. This vital resource: Provides fundamental chemical engineering aspects of natural gas technologies Covers topics related to upstream, midstream and downstream natural gas treatment and processing Contains well-integrated coverage of several technologies and processes for treatment and production of natural gas Highlights the economic factors and risks facing the monetization technologies Discusses supply chain, environmental and safety issues associated with the emerging shale gas industry Identifies future trends in educational and research opportunities, directions and emerging opportunities in natural gas monetization Includes contributions from leading researchers in academia and industry Written for Industrial scientists, academic researchers and government agencies working on developing and sustaining state-of-the-art technologies in gas and fuels production and processing, Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream provides a broad overview of the current status and challenges for natural gas production, treatment and monetization technologies.
Download or read book Pipelines written by M. Rafiqul Islam and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pipelines: Emerging Technologies and Design Criteria, the latest release in the Sustainable Oil and Gas Development series, delivers the tools needed to understand more environmentally-friendly design, construction and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines. Designed to introduce ideal solutions and current state-of-the-art practices, the reference includes guidelines on environmental impact assessment and sustainable route design as well as the sustainability of additives and power systems. Material selection, real-time processing of smart well data and remote sensing are also discussed. Rounded out with inspection tools and emerging technology such as novel corrosion protection, this book gives pipeline engineers a guide on safer alternatives and upcoming guidelines in the race to reduce emissions. Provides insights to more environmentally-friendly protocols for material selection, construction and integrity Helps readers determine more accurate protection plans and learn the latest techniques, including nanotechnology and sustainable hydrate and wax mitigation Presents valuable insights from a well-known author with extensive experience in both academia and industry
Download or read book Engineering Aspects of Geologic CO2 Storage written by Dayanand Saini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book explores the lessons learned in and potentials of injecting supercritical CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, in order to maximize both hydrocarbon recovery and the storage capacities of injected CO2. The author provides a detailed discussion of key engineering parameters of simultaneous CO2 enhanced oil recovery and CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. These include candidate site selection, CO2 oil miscibility, maximizing CO2-storage capacity in enhanced oil recovery operations, well configurations, and cap and reservoir rock integrity. The book will help practicing professionals devise strategies to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels for energy production via geologic CO2 storage, while developing CO2 injection as an economically viable and environmentally sensible business model for hydrocarbon exploration and production in a low carbon economy.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to plan for potential CO2 mitigation mandates, utilities need better information on CO2 mitigation options, especially carbon sequestration options that involve non-utility operations. One of the major difficulties in evaluating CO2 sequestration technologies and practices, both geologic storage of captured CO2 and storage in biological sinks, is obtaining consistent, transparent, accurate, and comparable economics. This project is comparing the economics of major technologies and practices under development for CO2 sequestration, including captured CO2 storage options such as active oil reservoirs, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep aquifers, coal beds, and oceans, as well as the enhancement of biological sinks such as forests and croplands. An international group of experts has been assembled to compare on a consistent basis the economics of this diverse array of CO2 sequestration options. Designs and data collection are nearly complete for each of the CO2 sequestration options being compared. Initial spreadsheet development has begun on concepts involving storage of captured CO2. No significant problems have been encountered, but some additional outside expertise will be accessed to supplement the team's expertise in the areas of life cycle analysis, oil and gas exploration and production, and comparing CO2 sequestration options that differ in timing and permanence of CO2 sequestration. Plans for the next reporting period are to complete data collection and a first approximation of the spreadsheet. We expect to complete this project on time and on budget.
Download or read book Perspectives to CO2 Geological Storage and Greenhouse Gas Negative Emissions in South Southeastern Brazil written by Raíssa Moreira Lima Mendes Musarra and published by Blucher Open Access. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest studies of the CNPq Research Group (Estudos para Armazenamento Geológico de Carbono – CCS) of the Institute of Energy and Environment/Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation, at the University of Sao Paulo. The studies are related to the technical and regulatory issues for implementing Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies, especially CO2 geological storage in the Paraná and Santos Basins. The parent project, entitled "Carbon Geological Storage in Brazil: "Perspectives for CCS in unconventional petroleum reservoirs of onshore Paraná sedimentary basin and turbidites from offshore sedimentary basins in southeast Brazil", was funded by SHELL and FAPESP. The book intends to provide an overview of the potential for secured long-term CO2 storage in the Paraná and Santos basins with high prospects for CCS. The central academic findings refer to CO2 reservoir properties and main criteria for site selection to improve the Brazilian CCUS development's decision-making process and contribute to the R&D plan for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation of the Southeastern Region, with geological evaluations and regulatory analyses. The book aims to improve the decision-making process in greenhouse gases mitigation and energy/environmental governance; therefore, it captures the specialized and non-specialized audience.
Download or read book Data Driven Analytics for the Geological Storage of CO2 written by Shahab Mohaghegh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data-driven analytics is enjoying unprecedented popularity among oil and gas professionals. Many reservoir engineering problems associated with geological storage of CO2 require the development of numerical reservoir simulation models. This book is the first to examine the contribution of artificial intelligence and machine learning in data-driven analytics of fluid flow in porous environments, including saline aquifers and depleted gas and oil reservoirs. Drawing from actual case studies, this book demonstrates how smart proxy models can be developed for complex numerical reservoir simulation models. Smart proxy incorporates pattern recognition capabilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning to build smart models that learn the intricacies of physical, mechanical and chemical interactions using precise numerical simulations. This ground breaking technology makes it possible and practical to use high fidelity, complex numerical reservoir simulation models in the design, analysis and optimization of carbon storage in geological formations projects.
Download or read book The Industrial Base for Carbon Dioxide Storage written by David S. Ortiz and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) prior to its being emitted into the atmosphere, then either using it in a commercial application or storing it in geological formations for hundreds to thousands of years. If policies aimed at large reductions of CO2 emissions from industrial sources and power plants are enacted, more CCS will be needed. RAND researchers explored the ability of the industrial base supporting the transportation and storage of CO2 to expand, assessing the industrial base for transportation and injection for CO2 for both geologic storage and enhanced oil recovery. They also identified and quantified the activities, equipment, and labor required for transporting CO2 to an injection site, using it in oil recovery, and storing it in a geologic formation. RAND developed four scenarios for future CCS development and determined that under most of them, significant expansion of geologic storage capacity is required after 2025, and that based on current activities, it appears that the industrial base supporting the development of geologic storage has the ability to meet increased needs for CO2 storage.
Download or read book Gas Injection Methods written by Zhaomin Li and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enhanced Oil Recovery Series delivers a multivolume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. The second volume in the series, Gas Injection Methods, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one of the fastest growing areas. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technology such as data mining and unconventional reservoirs. Supported field case studies are included to show a bridge between research and practical application, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with an introduction on various gas types and different gas injection methods, screening criteria for choosing gas injection method, and environmental issues during gas injection methods, the editors then advance on to more complex content, guiding the engineer into newer topics involving CO2 such as injection in tight oil reservoirs, shale oil reservoirs, carbonated water, data mining, and formation damage. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future. Helps readers understand the latest research and practical applications specific to foam flooding and gas injection Provides readers with the latest technology, including nanoparticle-stabilized foam for mobility control and carbon storage in shale oil reservoirs Teaches users about additional methods such as data mining applications and economic and environmental considerations
Download or read book Geospatial and Economic Viability of CO2 Storage in Fractured Shale written by Julie K. Langenfeld and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured shale formations that are depleted of natural gas could be attractive targets for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. These formations have large capacity and existing infrastructure, which can be repurposed for injection, but they are not as geographically widespread as saline aquifers, a more common repository for CO2 storage. To examine the geospatial and economic viability of CO2 storage in fractured shale formations compared to storage in saline aquifers, estimates were calculated for the storage capacities and costs associated with storing CO2 in depleted shale formations and saline aquifers in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia using the Tao and Clarens (2013), NATCARB, and CO2-PENS models. These estimates were then used in the engineering-economic geospatial optimization model for CO2 capture and storage SimCCS (Scalable infrastructure model for CO2 Capture and Storage). The average cost of CO2 storage in shale formations was found to be cheaper than in CO2 storage in saline aquifers by $5-10/tCO2 (10-15%) on average, due, in part, to smaller estimated Areas of Review and assumed repurposing of well infrastructure. Based on the results of the SimCCS, in this region CO2 storage in shale formations can be more centralized, occur in fewer sites, require less pipeline infrastructure, and have lower system-wide costs than if equivalent amounts of CO2 were stored in saline aquifers. System-wide costs could be reduced another 10-30% by sequestering the entire flue gas in shale formations. Common pipeline routes are deployed for CCS networks using either saline aquifers or fractured shale formations for storage and across various CO2 storage rates or CO2 prices, indicating that a robust network could be built that could serve many different storage scenarios. The results suggest that CO2 storage in fractured shale is attractive in regions with abundant shale gas development for both technical and economic reasons due to the lower storage costs and larger storage capacities.
Download or read book ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CO2 STORAGE AND SINK ENHANCEMENT OPTIONS written by Howard Herzog and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project developed life-cycle costs for the major technologies and practices under development for CO{sub 2} storage and sink enhancement. The technologies evaluated included options for storing captured CO{sub 2} in active oil reservoirs, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep aquifers, coal beds, and oceans, as well as the enhancement of carbon sequestration in forests and croplands. The capture costs for a nominal 500 MW{sub e} integrated gasification combined cycle plant from an earlier study were combined with the storage costs from this study to allow comparison among capture and storage approaches as well as sink enhancements.
Download or read book Assessment of Factors Influencing Effective CO sub 2 Storage Capacity and Injectivity in Eastern Gas Shales written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building upon advances in technology, production of natural gas from organic-rich shales is rapidly developing as a major hydrocarbon supply option in North America and around the world. The same technology advances that have facilitated this revolution - dense well spacing, horizontal drilling, and hydraulic fracturing - may help to facilitate enhanced gas recovery (EGR) and carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in these formations. The potential storage of CO 2 in shales is attracting increasing interest, especially in Appalachian Basin states that have extensive shale deposits, but limited CO2 storage capacity in conventional reservoirs. The goal of this cooperative research project was to build upon previous and on-going work to assess key factors that could influence effective EGR, CO2 storage capacity, and injectivity in selected Eastern gas shales, including the Devonian Marcellus Shale, the Devonian Ohio Shale, the Ordovician Utica and Point Pleasant shale and equivalent formations, and the late Devonian-age Antrim Shale. The project had the following objectives: (1) Analyze and synthesize geologic information and reservoir data through collaboration with selected State geological surveys, universities, and oil and gas operators; (2) improve reservoir models to perform reservoir simulations to better understand the shale characteristics that impact EGR, storage capacity and CO2 injectivity in the targeted shales; (3) Analyze results of a targeted, highly monitored, small-scale CO2 injection test and incorporate into ongoing characterization and simulation work; (4) Test and model a smart particle early warning concept that can potentially be used to inject water with uniquely labeled particles before the start of CO2 injection; (5) Identify and evaluate potential constraints to economic CO2 storage in gas shales, and propose development approaches that overcome these constraints; and (6) Complete new basin-level characterizations for the CO2 storage capacity and injectivity potential of the targeted eastern shales. In total, these Eastern gas shales cover an area of over 116 million acres, may contain an estimated 6,000 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas in place, and have a maximum theoretical storage capacity of over 600 million metric tons. Not all of this gas in-place will be recoverable, and economics will further limit how much will be economic to produce using EGR techniques with CO2 injection. Reservoir models were developed and simulations were conducted to characterize the potential for both CO2 storage and EGR for the target gas shale formations. Based on that, engineering costing and cash flow analyses were used to estimate economic potential based on future natural gas prices and possible financial incentives. The objective was to assume that EGR and CO2 storage activities would commence consistent with the historical development practices. Alternative CO2 injection/EGR scenarios were considered and compared to well production without CO2 injection. These simulations were conducted for specific, defined model areas in each shale gas play. The resulting outputs were estimated recovery per typical well (per 80 acres), and the estimated CO2 that would be injected and remain in the reservoir (i.e., not produced), and thus ultimately assumed to be stored. The application of this approach aggregated to the entire area of the four shale gas plays concluded that they contain nearly 1,300 Tcf of both primary production and EGR potential, of which an estimated 460 Tcf could be economic to produce with reasonable gas prices and/or modest incentives. This could facilitate the storage of nearly 50 Gt of CO2 in the Marcellus, Utica, Antrim, and Devonian Ohio shales.
Download or read book Rigorous Screening Technology for Identifying Suitable CO2 Storage Sites II written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report serves as the final technical report and users manual for the 'Rigorous Screening Technology for Identifying Suitable CO2 Storage Sites II SBIR project. Advanced Resources International has developed a screening tool by which users can technically screen, assess the storage capacity and quantify the costs of CO2 storage in four types of CO2 storage reservoirs. These include CO2-enhanced oil recovery reservoirs, depleted oil and gas fields (non-enhanced oil recovery candidates), deep coal seems that are amenable to CO2-enhanced methane recovery, and saline reservoirs. The screening function assessed whether the reservoir could likely serve as a safe, long-term CO2 storage reservoir. The storage capacity assessment uses rigorous reservoir simulation models to determine the timing, ultimate storage capacity, and potential for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. Finally, the economic assessment function determines both the field-level and pipeline (transportation) costs for CO2 sequestration in a given reservoir. The screening tool has been peer reviewed at an Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) technical meeting in March 2009. A number of useful observations and recommendations emerged from the Workshop on the costs of CO2 transport and storage that could be readily incorporated into a commercial version of the Screening Tool in a Phase III SBIR.
