Download or read book Techno Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment for Pyrolysis of Mixed Waste Plastics written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presentation for Bio-optimized Technologies to Keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE) project at the AIChe Spring Meeting.

Download or read book Plastics to Energy written by Sultan Al-Salem and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics to Energy: Fuel, Chemicals, and Sustainability Implications covers important trends in the science and technology of polymer recovery, such as the thermo-chemical treatment of plastics, the impact of environmental degradation on mechanical recycling, incineration and thermal unit design, and new options in biodegradable plastics. The book also introduces product development opportunities from waste materials and discusses the main processes and pathways of the conversion of polymeric materials to energy, fuel and chemicals. A particular focus is placed on industrial case studies and academic reviews, providing a practical emphasis that enables plastics practitioners involved in end-of-life aspects to employ these processes. Final sections examine lifecycle and cost analysis of different plastic waste management processes, exploring the potential of various techniques in modelling, optimization and simulation of waste management options. - Introduces new pathways for the end-of-life treatment of plastics and polymers, including conversion to energy, fuel and other chemicals - Compares different options to assist materials scientists, engineers and waste management practitioners to choose the most effective and sustainable option - Covers the latest trends in the science and technology of polymer energy recovery

Download or read book TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Plastic usage has quickly grown in recent years as plastics have become an essential part of everyday life. Unfortunately, recycling rates have not matched the increased growth, with the majority of waste plastic landfilled. The strategy of circular economy has been proposed to reuse the waste plastic to create new polymers, thus avoiding both landfilling and the use of virgin raw materials. Achieving a circular economy for plastics requires the development of new technologies capable of recycling plastic waste under a circular economy perspective. In this dissertation, a novel liquid-fed fast pyrolysis process is introduced towards achieving a circular economy. Recycled pyrolysis wax is used to dissolve waste polyolefin plastic and create a liquid feed to the pyrolysis reactor. The oil product from the pyrolysis reaction is naphtha-like in appearance and could be used as a feedstock for petro-chemical facilities for the production of new polymers. The fundamental pyrolysis reaction kinetics are investigated using a novel two-stage micropyrolysis reactor accessory to a commercial pyroprobe unit. A practical lumped kinetic model was created using generated micropyrolysis data to predict the effect of temperature (550-600°C) and vapor residence time (VRT; 1-6 seconds) on product distribution. The presented kinetic model shows strong agreement with known degradation mechanisms and was applied for scaling-up the pyrolysis process to a 250 g/hr pilot plant. By testing three different reactor volumes, it was found that VRT had a significant effect on wax, liquid, and gas product distribution. A multiphysics model was developed and predicted reactor temperature, pyrolysis product species, and velocity profiles. The trends for product distribution as a function of VRT were found to be consistent between both the pilot plant and micropyrolysis systems, demonstrating that the pilot system can be tuned to produce the desired pyrolysis product. Finally, the data generated using the pilot plant was used to guide a process simulation for an 84,000 tonne/yr waste plastic pyrolysis facility. A techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of the process found favorable economic and environmental results for pyrolysis oil when compared to fossil naphtha.

Download or read book Sustainability of Thermochemical Waste Conversion Technologies written by Cynthia Ofori-Boateng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Thermoplastic Polyesters written by Stoyko Fakirov and published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2002 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers current knowledge on all aspects of polyester synthesis, structure, properties (chemical, physical and application relevant) and recycling. The most important technical polyesters are presented in detailed chapters, homogeneous polymers as well as copolymers, blends and high-performance reinforced polyester materials are discussed. This book is directed to chemists, physicists and engineers working in research, development and application of polymers.

Download or read book Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics written by John Scheirs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.

Download or read book Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Pyrolysis Oil Upgrade Technologies written by Yetunde Elizabeth Sorunmu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gases are the leading contributors of climate change. The global rise of CO2 over the years, has urged an interest in government and researchers to find means of CO2 mitigation. Research has found that advanced biofuels can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 90%. Advanced biofuels can be produced from various routes, such as pyrolysis, gasification and torrefaction - with each route having limitations that hinder commercialization. A major limitation of pyrolysis-based advanced fuels also known as pyrolysis fuels, is their excessive cost of production due to their oxygenated structure; hence, their inability to be an infrastructure compatible market-ready fuel. In order to overcome this limitation, there is the need to deoxygenate the pyrolysis fuel. This thesis evaluates the environmental and economic sustainability of alternative pyrolysis oil upgrade technologies using life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA). The objective of this thesis is realized by completing three tasks: (1) examining the environmental and cost tradeoffs of the isolation and extraction of value added chemicals from tail gas reactive pyrolysis oil upgrade in comparison to the conventional hydrodeoxygenation upgrade (2) evaluating the implications of configuration, scale and hydrogen supply in alternative pyrolysis upgrade systems using life cycle assessment and (3) evaluating environmental, economic and technological aspects of alternative pyrolysis oil upgrading strategies Herein, we evaluate two emerging pyrolysis oil upgrade technologies; isolation and distillation of tail gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) oil and electrochemical deoxygenation (EDOx), and compare them to widely cited alternative technologies such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and catalytic fast pyrolysis. We capitalize on some of the benefits of these emerging technologies; such as, the value-added coproducts in the TGRP process as well as the oxygen coproduced and the limited use of hydrogen in the EDOx process. Another main factor that sets these emerging technologies apart from the existing technologies is the smaller scale of 200MTPD in the TGRP process and 300 MTPD in the EDOx process compared to the larger scale (2000 MTPD) of the HDO process. In this thesis, we treat these co-products using system expansion in LCA and weigh in their value in the overall economics through measures like minimum fuel selling price (MFSP). The life cycle GHG emissions from the TGRP and EDOx processes, indicate reductions of 88% to 95% of emissions from petroleum-based fuels compared to 53% to 75% GHG reduction from the HDO processes and 89% to 90% from the catalytic pyrolysis processes. Also, The TEA results reveal that, even though the emerging technologies have a high minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $1.8 L-1 compared to the existing technologies of ($0.54 L-1 to $1.65 L-1), if the social cost of carbon is credited as a revenue, the TGRP of upgraded fuel cost can be reduced to $0.65 L-1, a price that is close to being economically competitive to petroleum- based fuels ($0.47 L-1 to $0.48 L-1).

Download or read book Assessment of the Environmental Profile of PLA PET and PS Clamshell Containers Using LCA Methodology written by Santosh Madival and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products written by T. J. O'Neill and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment LCA of Environmental and Energy Systems written by Fabrizio Passarini and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached.

Download or read book Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio chemicals written by Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in and current research perspectives on the field of urban/industrial solid waste recycling for bio-energy and bio-fuel recovery. It chiefly focuses on five main thematic areas, namely bioreactor landfills coupled with energy and nutrient recovery; microbial insights into anaerobic digestion; greenhouse emission assessment; pyrolysis techniques for special waste treatment; and industrial waste stabilization options. In addition, it compiles the results of case studies and solid waste management perspectives from different countries.

Download or read book Advances in Energy from Waste written by Viola Vambol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances of Energy from Waste: Transformation Methods, Applications and Limitations Under Sustainability provides advanced, systematic information on the environmental transformation of waste and pollutants of various origins into useful products, contributing to the development of the local economy, and increasing the sustainability of the energy sector. In addition, remarkable competences in design, performance, efficiency, and implementation of diverse systems utilized for waste energy recovery are summarized and evaluated. This book will also include recent advances in biomass-derived green catalysts for various catalytic applications are discussed in this book along with the challenges of controlled synthesis and the impact of morphological, physical, and chemical properties on their adsorption or desorption capability. Advances of Energy from Waste: Transformation Methods, Applications and Limitations Under Sustainability discuss waste management priorities, waste to energy, environmental pollution, remediation, health risks, circular economy, recycling, sustainability, technologies, and more. - Serves as a starting point for further research into waste management and biomass conversion - Provides an overview of recent developments in the field of waste-to-energy - Discusses recent advances in biomass-derived green catalysts for various catalytic applications - Introduces diverse case studies on waste, pollution, sustainability, technologies, health risk, and future prospective

Download or read book Perspectives of Chemicals Synthesis as a Green Alternative to Fossil Fuels written by Luis Puigjaner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Recycling of Mixed Waste Plastics by Selective Pyrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this work is to use selective pyrolysis to produce high-value chemicals from waste plastics mixtures. Selectivity is achieved by exploiting differences in reaction rates, catalysis, and coreactants. Target wastes are molecular mixtures such as; blends or composites, or mixtures from manufactured products such as; carpets and post-consumer mixed-plastic wastes. The experimental approach has been to use small-scale experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS), which provides rapid analysis of reaction products and permits rapid screening of process parameters. Rapid screening experiments permit exploration of many potential waste stream applications for the selective pyrolysis process. After initial screening, small-scale, fixed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors are used to provide products for conventional chemical analysis, to determine material balances, and to test the concept under conditions that will be used at a larger scale. Computer assisted data interpretation and intelligent chemical processing are used to extract process-relevant information from these experiments. An important element of this project employs technoeconomic assessments and market analyses of durables, the availability of other wastes, and end-product uses to identify target applications that have the potential for economic success.

Download or read book Energy Materials written by Surinder Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-29 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Materials: A Circular Economy Approach emphasizes the engineering scalability of a circular economy approach to development and use of energy materials. It focuses on waste minimization and its valorization, recycling and reuse, and emerging sustainable materials and technologies. It offers a view of the eco-friendly energy materials and state-of-the-art technologies required for production of these materials in the process industry and manufacturing sectors. • Covers fundamentals, concepts, and current initiatives within the circular economy • Outlines technologies and materials with specific applications for energy systems, sustainability aspects and societal benefits • Focuses on detailed aspects of processing of energy materials, kinetics, their utilization, and end-of-life management and application of circular economy in waste utilization and valorization • Discusses technologies, processing methods, and production of materials related to fuel cells, super capacitors and battery materials, carbon based hetrostructures, catalysis, functional materials, nanotechnology, biofuels, solar and wind energy, and valuable chemicals • Details topics related to synthesis and application of energy materials, their recycle, reuse, and life cycle This book is aimed at students, researchers and professional engineers and scientists working in chemical, materials, energy, and environmental engineering, as well as materials chemistry.

Download or read book Technology Innovation for the Circular Economy written by Nabil Nasr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-19 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY The book comprises 56 peer-reviewed chapters comprehensively covering in-depth areas of circular economy design, planning, business models, and enabling technologies. Some of the greatest opportunities for innovation in the circular economy are in remanufacturing, refurbishment, reuse, and recycling. Critical to its growth, however, are developments in product design approaches and the manufacturing business model that are often met with challenges in the current, largely linear economies of today’s global manufacturing chains. The conference hosted by the REMADE Institute in Rochester, NY, brought together U.S. and international researchers, industry engineers, technologists, and policymakers, to discuss the myriad intertwining issues relating to the circular economy. This book consists of 56 chapters in 10 distinct parts covering broad areas of research and applications in the circular economy area. The first four parts explore the system level work related to circular economy approaches, models and advancements including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to guide implementation, as well as design for circularity approaches. Mechanical and chemical recycling technologies follow, highlighting some of the most advanced research in those areas. Next, innovation in remanufacturing is addressed with descriptions of some of the most advanced work in this field. This is followed by tire remanufacturing and recycling, highlighting innovative technologies in addressing the volume of end-of-use tires. Pathways to net-zero emissions in manufacturing of materials concludes the book, with a focus on industrial decarbonization. Audience This book has a wide audience in academic institutes, business professionals and engineers in a variety of manufacturing industries. It will also appeal to economists and policymakers working on the circular economy, clean tech investors, industrial decision-makers, and environmental professionals.

Download or read book Polymer Silica Based Composites in Sustainable Construction written by Harrison Shagwira and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-26 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the application of Polymer-Silica Based Composites in the Construction Industry providing the fundamental framework and knowledge needed for the sustainable and efficient use of these composites as building and structural materials. It also includes characterization of prepared materials to ascertain mechanical, chemical, and physical properties and analyses results obtained using similar methods. Topics such as life cycle analysis of plastics, application of plastics in construction and elimination of plastic wastes are also discussed. The book also provides information on the outlook and competitiveness of emerging composites materials. Covers theory, preparation and characterizations of polymer-silica based composites for green construction. Discusses technology, reliability, manufacturing cost and environmental impact. Reviews the classification, application, and processing of polymer-silica composites. Gives a deeper analysis on the various tests carried out on polymer-silica composite. Highlights role of such composites in the Industry 4.0 and emerging technologies. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in civil engineering, built environment, construction materials, and materials science.