Download or read book Techniques for Direct Neutrino Mass Measurement Utilizing Tritium beta decay written by Daniel Lawrence Furse and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis documents efforts performed in the service to two direct neutrino mass experiments, namely KATRIN at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, Germany and Project8 at the University of Washington in Seattle. These experiments aim to utilize a measurement of the shape of the endpoint of the tritium beta decay spectrum to determine the neutrino mass, which is a technique that relies only on basic kinematics and enjoys a long and distinguished history. Additionally, these experiments utilize classical electrodynamics in their analysis of the beta electron spectrum, at KATRIN through the use of a MAC-E filter and at Project8 through magnetic confinement of electrons within a waveguide and the measurement of their weakly energy dependent relativistic cyclotron frequencies, which is an entirely new technique. In the thesis, both experiments are described in detail with particular attention paid to the components involved in energy analysis. Exploiting these experiments' similarities, an extensive simulation package called KASSIOPEIA has been prepared, which is the principal effort described herein. KASSIOPEIA is applied to both KATRIN and Project8, which in the case of KATRIN delivers valuable and detailed information regarding the performance of the electrostatic spectrometers used there, in particular the main and monitor spectrometers. In its application to Project8, KASSIOPEIA is used to determine precise electron trajectories, which can be used to simulate the signals these electrons induce in the waveguide. This thesis also includes experimental results obtained at the monitor spectrometer of the KATRIN experiment, which demonstrate the efficacy of the magnetic pulse technique at ejecting problematic stored electrons at MAc-E filters. The magnetic pulse technique relies on using a set of external aircoils surrounding a MAC-E filter to reverse and rapidly restore the magnetic field in the spectrometer symmetry plane, causing stored particle to hit the vessel walls. Owing to its success as demonstrated in this work, this technique will be employed at the main spectrometer during the upcoming data taking run at KATRIN. Finally, this thesis presents some results from the inaugural run at Project8, which showed that the theretofore undemonstrated technique, named Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), is capable of detecting the signal a single electron excites in a waveguide as it its magnetically trapped inside. In the history of tritium based neutrino mass experiments this technique is unique, and presents an entirely complimentary approach to that used at KATRIN. Based as it is on a frequency measurement, the technique shows great promise to mature into an extremely high precision form of electron spectroscopy, with many applications throughout nuclear physics.
Download or read book Development of Scalable Approaches to Neutrino Mass Measurement with The Project 8 Experiment written by Andrew Ziegler and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos are fundamental particles in the standard model and play an important role in the current understanding of the universe; however, the mass of the neutrino one of the most fundamental parameters for any particle, is currently unknown. This fact represents a gaping hole in our current knowledge of the universe that may provide clues to the energy scale of physics beyond the standard model. This dissertation summarizes research and development as a member of the Project 8 collaboration towards an experiment to measure the neutrino mass with a sensitivity below $50$~$\mathrm{meV}/\mathrm{c}^2$, which is an order of magnitude less than the most sensitive direct measurements of the neutrino mass to date. Project 8 will perform this measurement using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) to measure the beta-decay endpoint spectrum of atomic tritium. I present an analysis of the signal reconstruction performance of an antenna array system designed to perform large-scale CRES measurements in cubic-meter volumes. Next, I discuss an approach to calibrating an antenna-based CRES experiment using a unique probe antenna designed to mimic radiation from CRES events. Finally, I present design studies for a resonant cavity that could be used to perform a CRES experiment with atomic tritium at multi-cubic-meter scales.
Download or read book Tritium Neutrino Mass Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current status of the experimental search for neutrino mass is reviewed, with emphasis on direct kinematic methods, such as the beta decay of tritium. The situation concerning the electron neutrino mass as measured in tritium beta decay is essentially unchanged from a year ago, although a great deal of experimental work is in progress. The ITEP group continues to find evidence for a nonzero mass, now slightly revised to 26(5) eV. After correcting for recently discovered errors in the energy loss distribution and source thickness, however, the Z/umlt u/rich group still claims and upper limit of 18 eV. There may be evidence for neutrino mass and mixing in the SN1987a data, in the same range suggested by the ITEP experiment. 42 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Measurements of Neutrino Mass written by F. Ferroni and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009-09-29 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a valuable insight into various aspects of the ongoing work directed at measuring neutrino mass. It took twenty years to refute the assertions of Bethe and Peierls that neutrinos were not observable, but it has since been realised that much can be learnt from these particles. The moral is, as Fiorini argues here, that the study of neutrinos was and remains demanding but rewarding. Subjects addressed in this volume include; clarifying the meaning of the Klapdor-Kleingrothaus results, probing the Majorana nature of neutrinos, observing lepton number violating effects for the first time, studying the end point of the spectrum in the search for neutrino masses and speculating whether it is possible to measure neutrino masses in cosmology. Lectures are enriched with rich historical overviews and valuable introductory material. Attention is also given to theoretical topics such as the evolution of the concept of mass in particle physics, a status report on neutrino oscillations and current discussion on neutrino masses. The reader is further reminded that neutrino masses may also have some bearing on the very origin of the matter among us, and have many deep links with other important lines of current physics research.
Download or read book Direct Measurements of Neutrino Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some recent developments in the experimental search for neutrino mass are discussed. New data from Los Alamos on the electron neutrino mass as measured in tritium beta decay give an upper limit of 9.3 eV at the 95% confidence level. This result is not consistent with the long-standing ITEP result of 26(5) eV within a model-independent'' range of 17 to 40 eV. It now appears that the electron neutrino is not sufficiently massive to close the universe by itself. Hime and Jelley report finding new evidence for a 17-keV neutrino in the [Beta] decay of 35S and 63Ni. Many other experiments are being reported and the situation is still unresolved. 56 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Download or read book Measurements of Neutrino Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct experimental information of neutrino mass as derived from the study of nuclear and elementary-particle weak decays is reviewed. Topics include tritium beta decay; the 3He-T mass difference; electron capture decay of 163Ho and 158Tb; and limits on massive neutrinos from cosmology. 38 references. (WHK).
Download or read book Final Scientific and Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we made material progress towards future measurements of the mass of the neutrino. The neutrino is a fundamental particle, first observed in the 1950s and subjected to particularly intense study over the past 20 years. It is now known to have some, non-zero mass, but we are in an unusual situation of knowing the mass exists but not knowing what value it takes. The mass may be determined by precise measurements of certain radioactive decay distributions, particularly the beta decay of tritium. The KATRIN experiment is an international project which is nearing the beginning of a tritium measurement campaign using a large electrostatic spectrumeter. This research included participation in KATRIN, including construction and delivery of a key calibration subsystem, the ``Rear Section''. To obtain sensitivity beyond KATRIN's, new techniques are required; this work included R\ & D on a new technique we call CRES (Cyclotron Resonance Electron Spectroscopy) which has promise to enable even-more-sensitive tritium decay measurements. We successfully carried out CRES spectroscopy in a model system in 2014, making an important step towards the design of a next-generation tritium experiment with new neutrino mass measurement abilities.
Download or read book Neutrino Mass written by Guido Altarelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-02-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
Download or read book Problems and Progress in Tritium Beta Decay written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been nearly eight years since the group led by Lubimov first saw evidence for a finite neutrino mass in the tritium beta decay spectrum. Their measurement provided a great stimulus to the field; the number of experiments currently underway reflects the significance of their claim. The fact that further data are only now beginning to appear reflects the difficulty of this measurement. As an introduction to related papers in these proceedings, we briefly consider the key elements involved in neutrino-mass measurements using tritium beta decay and list the experiments currently underway in the field. 5 refs., 1 tab.
Download or read book Review of Neutrino Mass Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current status of the experimental search for neutrino mass is reviewed, with emphasis on direct kinematic methods. New data on the [tau] neutrino from the Argus collaboration have reduced the upper mass limit a factor of 2. The situation concerning the electron neutrino mass as measured in tritium beta decay is essentially unchanged from a year ago. Simpson and Hime report finding evidence for a 17-keV neutrino in the .beta. decay of 35S. There may be evidence for neutrino mass and mixing in the SN1987a data. 62 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book Modeling Beta Decay Spectra to Analyze the Sensitivity of a Neutrino Mass Experiment written by Talia E. Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Project 8 experiment aims to measure the electron neutrino mass by obtaining and analyzing [beta] spectra from tritium decay. Using an inferential model of the experiment's anticipated data, I evaluate its projected sensitivity to certain parameters of interest. I focus on the precision and accuracy with which Project 8 can expect to resolve the [beta]-decay spectrum's endpoint in an upcoming stage of the experiment. I also present an initial prediction of Project 8's eventual expected sensitivity to the electron neutrino mass. This analysis involved generating and analyzing [beta]-decay spectral data using a model implemented in Stan, a platform for Bayesian statistical inference. The sensitivity analysis was designed to account for the anticipated distribution of results (mass and endpoint measurements) produced by the potential variation in a number of physical and experimental parameters. In addition, the method used here allows for a calibration of the consequences of inferences and decisions made in reaching those results. I find that, using one year of Project 8 Phase II data, the T2 endpoint can be resolved within a 13.7 eV window (90% C.I.) with 62% coverage (or accuracy), corresponding to a 4.1 eV posterior standard deviation. Preliminarily, using one year of Phase IV data, the electron neutrino mass can be resolved within a 0.051 eV window (90% C.I.) with 56% coverage. I also outline a way that model-based sensitivity procedures and calibration of inference can be extended to the neutrino mass hierarchy problem.
Download or read book Measurements of the Electron antineutrino Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it has been over 50 years since the neutrino was postulated by Pauli and nearly 35 years since the first experimental evidence of neutrinos was observed by Reines and Cowan, the question of whether the neutrino has a non-zero mass still remains unanswered. Today, more than a dozen experiments observing the beta-decay of tritium are underway in the quest for an answer to this question. By making sensitive measurements of the beta decay spectrum about the endpoint these experiments allow for the direct kinematic determination of the electron-antineutrino mass. However, extraction of the neutrino mass from the observed data requires accurate accounting of experimental systematic effects that modify the beta spectrum. The techniques required to make accurate determination of the electron-antineutrino mass as well as the results from and status of ongoing tritium beta decay experiments are presented. 40 refs., 2 figs.
Download or read book Molecular Effects in Tritium Beta decay Neutrino mass Measurements written by Laura I. Bodine and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the molecular final state distribution is crucial to extracting a neutrino mass from molecular tritium-based experiments including the upcoming Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Mass Experiment. This dissertation studies molecular systematics for the upcoming neutrino mass measurements and discusses the measurement of molecular dissociation as a test of final state distribution calculations.
Download or read book An Assessment of Anti neutrino Mass Determination Via Electrostatic Measurement of Tritium Beta decay written by Philip Andrew Le Bas and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experiment to Measure the Electron Neutrino Mass Using Frozen Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are performing an experiment to determine the electron neutrino mass with the precision of a few eV by measuring the tritium beta decay energy distribution near the endpoint. To make this measurement, we have built a spectrometer with a resolution of 2 eV. Our source is frozen tritium since tritium and the HeT daughter ion have electronic wavefunctions that can be calculated with high accuracy. We describe the experiment and discuss the excited final molecular state calculations.
Download or read book The Tritium Recycling System for the Neutrino Mass Experiment at Texas NEXTEX written by Michael Eckart and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades people have tried to measure the rest masses of the neutrinos, but this quest has not yet been successful. The most commonly used method to determine the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino is to measure the high energy end of the tritium beta decay spectrum. Various experiments suffered from conceptional problems, so that currently only an upper limit of 2.3 eV is known for the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino. The Neutrino Experiment at the University of Texas (NEXTEX) has been thoroughly designed to avoid many problems that have been encountered in former attempts to measure the rest mass. The goal of NEXTEX is to lower the upper limit to less than 0.8 eV and by doing so possibly measure the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino for the first time. The tritium recycling system is an important part of this experiment and the purpose of this thesis is not only to describe this recycling system in detail, but also to provide information about various potential problems that might arise and how they have been solved. These potential problems include catalysts, unwanted surface reactions and the solubility of tritium in Fomblin. The latter has just recently been investigated and a great deal of attention will therefore be dedicated to the presentation of the latest results.
Download or read book Investigation of Neutrino Mass and Mixing in Tritium Beta Decay written by Moustafa Yahia Bahran and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
