Download or read book Informal Finance and Formal Microfinance written by Pierre-Germain UMUHIRE and published by Presses universitaires de Louvain. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation endeavours to shed light on the paradox of the persistence of informal finance in urban African markets despite the emergence of a vibrant microfinance sector. To do so, it analyses the rationale of the financial choices of the micro-entrepreneurs operating in the markets of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). In particular, a careful examination of the motives driving the combinative use of informal and formal microfinance is carried. In order to lay deep theoretical foundations to this analysis, this thesis develops a model describing the financial behaviour of the micro-entrepreneurs in the presence of hyperbolic preferences and social influences. The solution of this model shows, inter alia, that the financial choices are not solely driven by economic motivations but also by social motivations. This result is confirmed by empirical observations which show, among other things, that social relations play an important role in explaining the persistence of informal finance. Besides, it appeared also that the combinative use of informal finance and microfinance can be explained, on the one side, by the fact that the motives driving the demand for informal and for formal finance are not always the same and, on the other side, by the fact that these two types of financial mechanisms are more likely to be used as complements than as substitutes. Ultimately, this thesis unfolds a new perspective for apprehending the coexistence of informal and formal microfinance. Informal finance is no longer considered as a makeshift, but as an integral part of the financial landscape of the Sub-Saharan urban financial markets. Therefore, microfinance institutions and policy makers ought to adopt a more positive and pro-active attitude vis-à-vis informal finance.
Download or read book Methods of Hybridoma Formation written by Arie H. Bartal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laymen often consider modern laboratory research to be based on an endless array of sophisticated technologies whose complex capabilities are as important to the outcome of any project as the inventiveness and creativity of the scientists who employ them. Scientists at times may share this point of view until they are con fronted by unexpected findings that demand new approaches, and they discover that yesterday's "sophisticated tools" are today's "blunt instruments." This experience provides a more sobering view of the current state of our scientific methods. It also serves as an impetus for the further development of technology that prepares us for the next stage of advance. Immunologists were confronted by such a technological crises in the late 1970s when they finally were forced to admit that poly clonal antibodies, although quite sensitive reagents, were not spe cific enough to answer many of the questions then confronting virologists and tumor biologists. The answer to the need for specific ity came with the development of monoclonal antibody technology. In the last ten years there have been considerable advances in monoclonal antibody techniques. Today these reagents are much more versatile than they were initially and can be applied to a broad range of problems. Still, most workers who are using these anti bodies are convinced that their potential is far from exhausted, and that at least in some fields we are currently in the early stages of learning how to use them properly.
Download or read book Comprehensive Dictionary of Acronyms and Abbreviations of Institutions and Organizations A Colg written by Michael Peschke and published by De Gruyter Saur. This book was released on 2002 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abbreviations in the African Press written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes documents, translations, proceedings, reports, papers.
Download or read book Dictionary of Acronyms and Technical Abbreviations written by Jakob Vlietstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Dictionary covers information and communication technology (ICT), including hardware and software; information networks, including the Internet and the World Wide Web; automatic control; and ICT-related computer-aided fields. The Dictionary also lists abbreviated names of relevant organizations, conferences, symposia and workshops. This reference is important for all practitioners and users in the areas mentioned above, and those who consult or write technical material. This Second Edition contains 10,000 new entries, for a total of 33,000.
Download or read book The Neuro Consumer written by Anne-Sophie Bayle-Tourtoulou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroscientific research shows that the great majority of purchase decisions are irrational and driven by subconscious mechanisms in our brains. This is hugely disruptive to the rational, logical arguments of traditional communication and marketing practices and we are just starting to understand how organizations must adapt their strategies. This book explains the subconscious behavior of the "neuro-consumer" and shows how major international companies are using these findings to cast light on their own consumers’ behavior. Written in plain English for business and management readers with no scientific background, it focuses on: how to adapt marketing and communication to the subconscious and irrational behaviors of consumers; the direct influence of the primary senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) on purchasing decisions and the perception of communications by customers’ brains; implications for innovation, packaging, price, retail environments and advertising; the use of "nudges" and artifices to increase marketing and communication efficiency by making them neuro-compatible with the brain’s subconscious expectations; the influence of social media and communities on consumers’ decisions – when collective conscience is gradually replacing individual conscience and recommendation becomes more important than communication; and the ethical limits and considerations that organizations must heed when following these principles. Authored by two globally recognized leaders in business and neuroscience, this book is an essential companion to marketers and brand strategists interested in neuroscience and vital reading for any advanced student or researcher in this area.
Download or read book Transactions of the International Congress of Actuaries written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Actuaries Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook on the History of European Banks written by Manfred Pohl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 1334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyse: Banque cantonale vaudoise: p. 1072-1078.
Download or read book Islamic Republic of Mauritania written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s adoption of its third Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) action plan, covering the medium term (2011–2015). Poverty reduction as the ultimate objective of all of the country’s economic social and institutional development policies has informed the context in which the third action plan is being implemented. The safe drinking water supply rate reached 52 percent nationally. In urban areas, the rate of access to private water main connections was 35 percent although it varied significantly from town to town. During the first year of implementation of the PRSP III, significant progress was made with actions targeting good governance and capacity-building in all areas of governance.
Download or read book Policies and Techniques for Mobilizing Personal Savings in Developing Countries written by United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs and published by New York : United Nations. This book was released on 1977 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IMF Glossary written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-05-24 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This seventh, revised edition of the IMF Glossary: English-French-Spanish contains approximately 4,000 records that are believed to be the most useful to translators dealing with IMF material. The main body of the Glossary consists of terms, phraseological units, and institutional titles covering areas such as macroeconomics, money and banking, public finance, taxation, balance of payments, statistics, accounting, and economic development. It contains terminology relating to the IMF's organization and operations, as well as from the Articles of Agreement, By-Laws, Rules and Regulations, and other major IMF publications. Since the Glossary is concept-based, synonyms are consolidated into one single entry. Cross- references refer to the main entry under which the various synonyms are listed ("see") and also draw the user's attention to terms that are related but not synonyms ("see also"). Currency units of countries and monetary unions, an IMF organizational chart in the three languages, and color-coded French and Spanish indexes are provided in appendixes.
Download or read book International Bibliography of the Social Sciences written by Blpes and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1966 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1966. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Economics 1966 written by International Committee for Social Science Information and Documentation and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1968-07 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1968. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Comprehensive Dictionary of Acronyms and Abbreviations of Institutions and Organizations written by Michael Peschke and published by De Gruyter Saur. This book was released on 2001 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East written by Terry M. Mays and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East focuses on international organizations in Africa. And the Middle East. This makes sense for political, cultural, and geographical reasons. North African countries, and many located in the Sahel region, are members of not only African but also Middle Eastern international organizations due to their cultural and religious heritage as well as geographic location between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. A limited number of global organizations are also included in this book when they have major programs focusing on Africa and/or the Middle East. This volume emphasizes intergovernmental organizations but many non-governmental organizations are also included. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, thematic topics, and major international issues affecting the region. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about this subject.
