Download or read book Team Performance Market Characteristics and Attendance of Major League Baseball written by David W. Pan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel data analysis procedure was used to differentiate the effects of selected team attributes and market characteristics on attendance in Major League Baseball in addition to that of winning percentage. An econometric model was established in the analysis to empirically project the attendance potential determined by these selected variables. The results suggested that: (a) size of county population was a significant predictor for attendance potential in the major metropolitan cities in addition to winning percentage; (b) demand to admission cost was inelastic, while demand to the cost of "sport extensions" products was elastic; (c) presence of a major professional sport team in the same market would decrease attendance potential in Major League Baseball; and (d) population growth in certain age groups could serve as a long-term predictor for the improvement of attendance ratio to the capacity of stadium. Other findings and their implications to attendance of Major League Baseball were also presented in this study.

Download or read book Major League Baseball Organizations written by Frank P. Jozsa and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes and highlights the development and success of major league baseball teams in the National League and the American League, focusing on each team’s performance in seasons and postseasons and to what extent each succeeded as a business enterprise despite competition for market share from other types of entertainment. The book discusses historical and financial information about the 30 major league franchises. Each chapter contains two core themes—Team Performances and Franchise Business. The former highlights which and how teams won division and league championships and World Series while the latter lists and compares financial data including their revenue, gate receipts, and operating income and describes interesting business topics. Each chapter also provides an overview of when each franchise organized and why it joined MLB, a brief profile of its current majority owner or ownership group, records of teams’ special coaches and players, attendances at home games, and how their ballparks rank as a venue for fans. Baseball Business explains why particular teams located in large, midsized, or small markets win more games and titles than others and when and how frequently that occurs. Furthermore, it provides ways to compare franchises’ financial success individually, by division, and by league. By linking and comparing the historical performances of MLB teams to financial information about them as business organizations, this book offers a unique contribution to the literature on the sports industry.

Download or read book Benchmarking in Services written by and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benchmarking is defined as "an improvement process in which a company measures its performance against that of best-in-class companies, determines how those companies achieved their performance levels, and uses the information to improve its own performance." (Bemowski, 1992, p. 20). Under the best of circumstances, benchmarking can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly. Service benchmarking is made more difficult than benchmarking in manufacturing because it appears that those things which are important to the customer may differ significantly from one service industry to another (Sower, et al., 2001). Because of the question about the universality of the definition of quality in the service industry and the impact on benchmarking activities, the editors obtained as broad a cross-section of papers for this special issue as possible. The industries represented by the nine papers in this issue cover a broad spectrum of service industries from sports to banking; from laboratory services to hospitality and tourism.

Download or read book Understanding Within Season Changes in Major League Baseball Attendance written by Tanner Michael Koscinski and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major League Baseball teams play considerably more games per season than the teams in any of the other major professional sports leagues in the United States, providing baseball fans with a large selection of games and frequently resulting in large fluctuations in attendance. In addition to studying the effect of the home and visiting teams' season win percentages on attendance, this paper examines various shorter-term metrics of performance to see which recent performance metric has the most significant impact on a home team's game-to-game attendance numbers. The number of wins in a team's previous 10 home games is shown to be statistically significant and the best recent performance metric to estimate attendance; however, the attendance prediction benefits are not practically much better than a simpler model that ignores such recent performance. This paper also discusses how the magnitude of the variation in a team's attendance numbers can differ from team to team and from season to season and suggests using a team-season standardized attendance response variable to eliminate this difference in variance issue between low average / low variance, high average / high variance, and high average / low variance teams. The models with the team-season standardized response variable consistently outperform models with the traditional attendance response variable.

Download or read book Relocating Teams and Expanding Leagues in Professional Sports written by Frank P. Jozsa and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-08-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the business of professional league sports, market conditions are the key determinate of the financial success or failure of a team. In the last few years, major league sports has experienced both growth into new markets and relocations of existing teams. Owners and the leagues use demographics, economic data, and governmental support to decide on where and when to expand and relocate. This book examines the sports business from 1950 through 2000. Historical demographic, economic, and team-related data provide the context. The authors apply metropolitan area statistics such as population growth and income, game attendance, and estimated market values to examine the business decisions made by individual teams in professional baseball, football, and basketball. The book looks at specific teams in terms of their long-term viability as a franchise and ranks their performances in economic and business terms. It also examines the related issues of taxpayer subsidies for new venues and the economic impact of professional sports on cities and regions. The book is a fascinating and comprehensive look at the business of sports and its place in American society, business, and economics.

Download or read book Diamonds Are Forever written by Paul Sommers and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As every American knows, our nation's favorite pastime is also big business. The last fifteen years have been exceptionally good to the business of baseball-with the growth in fan attendance, the spread of cable television, the burgeoning interest in cards and other baseball memorabilia, the historical appreciation of franchise values, the emergence of a powerful players' union, and average salaries that are almost twenty times their pre-1976 levels. Yet at this time of prosperity, major economic issues trouble the sport: the threat of franchise relocation, the continual flash points in collective bargaining, the growing commercialization of the game, the club owners' collusive response to free agency, lingering concerns of race discrimination, and the arguably tenuous link between player pay and performance. This fascinating book examines these and other major issues and assesses their probable impact on the business of baseball. Contributors begin by examining the effect of the reserve clause on competitive league balance. They then investigate whether prior experience with the salary arbitration process affects player demands in subsequent settlements and compare salary differences between ineligible and arbitration-eligible players. They consider the role of the baseball fan as contributor to team winning, as season ticket purchase, and as card-collecting hobbyist. Diamonds Are Forever also looks at the link between player pay and performance. The authors question whether such high salaries are actually earned by players or are instead awarded by owners eager to have "the winning team." They also discuss the growth in unequal distribution of salaries among players. In the last section, the authors look at racial discrimination in baseball and the influence of a team's racial composition on salaries. From Babe Ruth to Nolan Ryan, Doubleday to Skydome, baseball cards to Homer Hankies, the nation has been enthralled for decades with the business of baseball. Although the authors look to the future and consider changes that might occur in this profitable pastime, they assure that diamonds are forever.

Download or read book Statistical Reference Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frontiers in Major League Baseball written by John Ruggiero and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to Major League Baseball (MLB). DEA is a nonparametric linear programming model that is used across academic disciplines. In sports economics, authors have applied the technique primarily to assess team and/or managerial efficiency. The basis for performance analysis is economic production theory, where it is assumed that baseball can be viewed as a production process whereby inputs (player quality measures) are transformed into outputs (wins, attendance). The primary advantage that DEA has over more traditional regression based approaches is the ability to handle multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Further, the approach is nonparametric and hence, does not require a priori specification of the production function. The book develops the theory of DEA in the context of a production environment. A focal point is the assessment of technical and cost efficiency of MLB teams. It is shown that previous frontier applications that measure efficiency provide biased results given that the outcome of a game is zero-sum. If a team loses a game due to inefficiency, another team wins a lost game. A corrected frontier is presented to overcome this problem. Free agent salary arbitration is analyzed using a dual DEA model. Each free agent's contract zone is identified. The upper and lower bounds, representing the player's and team's perspective of value, respectively, are estimated. Player performance is estimated using a modified DEA model to rank order players based on multiple attributes. This model will be used to evaluate current Hall of Fame players. We provide arguments for other players who are deserving of membership. We also use our measure of performance and evaluate age-performance profilers for many ball players. Regression analysis is used to identify the age of peak performance. The method is used to evaluate some of the all-time greats. We also use the method to analyze admitted and implicated steroid users. The results clearly show that performance was enhanced. This book will provide appropriate theoretical models with methodological considerations and interesting empirical analyses and is intended to serve academics and practitioners interested in applying DEA to baseball as well as other sports or production processes. >

Download or read book European Journal of Tourism Research written by and published by International University College. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Journal of Tourism Research is an interdisciplinary scientific journal in the field of tourism, published by Varna University of Management, Bulgaria. Its aim is to provide a platform for discussion of theoretical and empirical problems in tourism. Publications from all fields, connected with tourism such as management, marketing, sociology, psychology, geography, political sciences, mathematics, statistics, anthropology, culture, information technologies and others are invited. The journal is open to all researchers. Young researchers and authors from Central and Eastern Europe are encouraged to submit their contributions. Regular Articles in the European Journal of Tourism Research should normally be between 4 000 and 20 000 words. Major research articles of between 10 000 and 20 000 are highly welcome. Longer or shorter papers will also be considered. The journal publishes also Research Notes of 1 500 – 2 000 words. Submitted papers must combine theoretical concepts with practical applications or empirical testing. The European Journal of Tourism Research includes also the following sections: Book Reviews, announcements for Conferences and Seminars, abstracts of successfully defended Doctoral Dissertations in Tourism, case studies of Tourism Best Practices. The European Journal of Tourism Research is published in three Volumes per year. The full text of the European Journal of Tourism Research is available in the following databases: EBSCO Hospitality and Tourism CompleteCABI Leisure, Recreation and TourismProQuest Research Library Individual articles can be rented via journal's page at DeepDyve. The journal is indexed in Scopus and Thomson Reuters' Emerging Sources Citation Index. The editorial team welcomes your submissions to the European Journal of Tourism Research.

Download or read book Major League Baseball Organizations written by Frank P. Jozsa (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Do Fans Matter The Effect of Attendance on the Outcomes of Major League Baseball Games written by Erin E. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the role of attendance in home-field advantage for Major League Baseball, using a dataset of all MLB games played from 1996 to 2005. Using two-stage least squares, we find that attendance has a significant effect on the home-field advantage. Our results indicate that a one standard deviation increase in attendance results in a 4% increase in the likelihood of a home team win. We also find that if attendance as a percent of stadium capacity were to increase by 48%, we would expect the home team's run differential to increase by one run. We show that the additional home-field advantage is driven by increased home team performance.

Download or read book National League Franchises Team Performances Inspire Business Success written by Frank Jozsa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief analyzes each of the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises in the National League and their past regular-season and postseason records and financial performances while operating as competitive, popular, and profitable or unprofitable enterprises. Using sport-specific information and relevant demographic, economic, and financial data, this brief will highlight when and how well these MLB teams performed and the financial status and significance of their organization as a member of an elite professional baseball league. The brief also investigates the success of teams in terms of wins and losses based on home attendance at their ballparks, market value, and revenue. Furthermore, it compares the history, productivity, and prosperity of the franchises among rivals in their division like the Atlanta Braves and New York Mets in the National League East Division, Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds in the Central Division, and Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants in the West Division. This brief will be on interest to practitioners and scholars who research the sports industry, college and university professors who teach undergraduate and graduate students majoring in sports administration, business, economics and management, and fans of the sport.

Download or read book The Integration of Major League Baseball written by Rick Swaine and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2009-06-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a record of the men and events, team by team, during Major League Baseball's integration. It focuses especially on the owners, executives and managers who were the heroes, villains or spectators of integration, and it sheds new light on the unheralded champions of integration and on those whose culpability has so far been overlooked. Individual chapters cover each of baseball's integration-era teams, and a final chapter covers expansion teams of the 1960s. Each team's responsible individuals are examined, its acquisition, deployment and treatment of black players documented, and the effect of its integration actions on team performance analyzed. Appendices provide populations of integration-era Major League cities, first black players by team, first black players in various minor leagues, rosters of black players by team, a timeline of black player milestones, and a list of black All-Star selections through 1969.

Download or read book Diamond Dollars written by Vince Gennaro and published by Diamond Analytics. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diamond Dollars is a fresh, provocative, insightful, and analytical look at the business of baseball by author Vince Gennaro, a consultant to MLB teams. Gennaro addresses some key questions that affect how teams make decisions, how they assemble their roster, and ultimately, their bottom line: How does winning affect revenues for each team? How much value does a berth in the postseason generate for the Red Sox and Yankees? What is the Yankees’ marginal revenue vs. marginal cost of winning? What is the economic value of a highly productive Twins’ farm system? Why is a player’s value “situational”, depending on the competitiveness of his team and the market in which he plays? How much was Carlos Beltran worth to the Mets in 2006? How can we quantify Derek Jeter’s “marquee value”…his ability to draw fans? What is the relative cost of developing talent vs. buying it in the free agent market? How can we quantify Nomar Garciaparra’s injury risk and its impact on his dollar value? What is the dollar value of Cubs’ fans loyalty to their beloved team? How have the Red Sox, Yankees and Cubs built their team as a brand? How much Babe Ruth was worth to his Yankee teams of the 1920s and 1930s.? Baseball teams may have thought conceptually about some of these issues, but Diamond Dollars gives them the math to measure the effectiveness of their thinking and practices. This edition includes a 2013 preface by the author and a foreword by Jim Beattie, former Executive VP and General Manager of the Baltimore Orioles and Montreal Expos. “Diamond Dollars provides an insightful look at the business of baseball—at the free agent market, teams’ scouting and player development systems, and how clubs market their brands. The book mixes Vince’s business acumen as a top executive at a Fortune 50 company with his passion for the national pastime.” -Mark Attanasio, Chairman and Principal Owner, Milwaukee Brewers “Vince Gennaro shows a profound understanding of the economics of a team’s baseball decisions. His analyses of a team’s win-revenue relationship, the player development system and player valuation, make for a remarkably innovative examination of the baseball front office model that’s just as informative for a baseball executive as for a fan.” -Chris Antonetti, General Manager, Cleveland Indians “Diamond Dollars offers up exciting and stimulating new ideas about the business of baseball. It provides a set of metrics for decisions that have typically been a “gut feeling” for many organizations. I think teams should make this required reading for everyone in their organizations.” -Jim Beattie, former Executive VP and General Manager, Baltimore Orioles and Montreal Expos “Vince Gennaro has written the best book I’ve read on the business of baseball. It serves as both a “how-to manual” for baseball owners and a tour guide for fans who scratch their heads at the things their teams do. It should find plenty of readers in both camps.” -Dave Studenmund, Editor, The Hardball Times Annual

Download or read book Consumer and Employer Discrimination in Professional Sports Markets New Evidence from Major League Baseball written by Wolfgang Maennig and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the relationship between consumer discrimination, racial matching strategies, andemployer discrimination in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1985 to 2016. To this end, we assess the extent to which both fan attendance and team performance respond to changes in teams' and their local market areas' racial compositions. We innovate by using a significantly enhanced data basis with individual player data that we derive from combining web scraping and using facial recognition techniques to identify player race and using County-level Census data instead of Metropolitan Statistical Area data. We find that fans in both MLB Leagues developed a taste for racial diversity in the late 1980s; since the 2000s, discrimination starts to increase again. However, this discrimination is not fully rationalizing the performance gap across athletes of different race and ethnicity; employer discrimination is not primarily driven by fans' racial preferences.

Download or read book The Business of Sports written by Scott Rosner and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Business of Sports, Second Edition is a comprehensive collection of readings that focus on the multibillion-dollar sports industry and the dilemmas faced by todays sports business leaders. It contains a dynamic set of readings to provide a complete overview of major sports business issues. The Second Edition covers professional, Olympic, and collegiate sports, and highlights the major issues that impact each of these broad categories. The Second Edition continue to provide insight from a variety of stakeholders in the industry and cover the major business disciplines of management, marketing, finance, information technology, accounting, ethics and law. In addition, it features concise introductions, targeted discussion questions, and graphs and tables to convey relevant financial data and other statistics discussed. This book is designed for current and future sports business leaders as well as those interested in the inner-workings of the industry.

Download or read book Pay Dirt written by James P. Quirk and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why would a Japanese millionaire want to buy the Seattle Mariners baseball team, when he has admitted that he has never played in or even seen a baseball game? Cash is the answer: major league baseball, like professional football, basketball, and hockey, is now big business with the potential to bring millions of dollars in profits to owners. Not very long ago, however, buying a sports franchise was a hazardous investment risked only by die-hard fans wealthy enough to lose parts of fortunes made in other businesses. What forces have changed team ownership from sports-fan folly to big-business savvy? Why has The Wall Street Journal become popular reading in pro sports locker rooms? And why are sports pages now dominated by economic clashes between owners and players, cities with franchises and cities without them, leagues and players' unions, and team lawyers and players' lawyers? In answering these questions, James Quirk and Rodney Fort have written the most complete book on the business and economics of professional sports, past and present. Pay Dirt offers a wealth of information and analysis on the reserve clause, salary determination, competitive balance in sports leagues, the market for franchises, tax sheltering, arenas and stadiums, and rival leagues. The authors present an abundance of historical material, much of it new, including team ownership histories and data on attendance, TV revenue, stadium and arena contracts, and revenues and costs. League histories, team statistics, stories about players and owners, and sports lore of all kinds embellish the work. Quirk and Fort are writing for anyone interested in sports in the 1990s: players, players' agents, general managers, sportswriters, and, most of all, sports fans.