Download or read book Tax Credit Scholarship Programs and the Changing Ecology of Public Education written by Hillel Y. Levin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional model of public education continues to be challenged by advocates of school choice. Typically associated with charter schools, magnet schools, and tuition voucher programs, these advocates have recently introduced a new school choice plan, namely tax credit scholarship programs. More than a dozen states have adopted such programs, and hundreds of millions of dollars are now diverted each year from public programs to private schools. These programs are poorly-understood and under-studied by legal scholars. This Article assesses the place of these programs within the ecology of public education, considers the fundamentally different approaches states have taken to these programs, identifies some critical questions and problems with them, and proposes a set of best practices for states to follow in designing and implementing them. The Companion Article for this paper are available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2268538.
Download or read book Tax Credit Scholarship Programs written by Hillel Y. Levin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a companion piece to an article that carefully analyzes tuition tax credit scholarship programs now popular around the country. This article offers a model statute for states considering or improving such programs that addresses concerns raised in my previous article. The companion article (Tax Credit Scholarship Programs and the Changing Ecology of Public Education) for this paper is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2244608.
Download or read book NeoVouchers written by Kevin G. Welner and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While school vouchers have captured the headlines, a different policy has captured the students. Tuition tax credit laws are now entrenched in Arizona, Florida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Iowa, and Georgia, and they affect far more students. Yet few people understand the nature of these policies or the political and legal issues surrounding them. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, legality, and policy implications of tuition tax credits, which have garnered only scant attention even while expanding to cover more students than the voucher policies they're designed to emulate. At a time when tax credit policies are becoming a major form of American school choice, this book offers insights into both the strengths and weakness ofthe approach.
Download or read book Tuition Tax Credits written by James S. Catterall and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Thief in the Classroom written by Jeff Swensson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An undetected thief lurks in America’s classrooms: funding for public education. Dynamic instruction, robust learning, and student futures are stolen when funding for public education is inadequate and inequitable. The devastating impact of this thievery is examined throughout this book. Student engagement with the potential and promise of traditional public education is stolen by funding formulas crafted by state legislatures. Theft in the classroom results when these funding schemes misdirect and disconnect the resources required to educate all US students. Called upon to deal with an ever-changing cascade of mandates, standards, legislation, and counterproductive testing marathons, but provided with funding so inadequate that instruction is often little better than anemic “test prep,” public educators in pursuit of the common good are robbed by insufficient funding. Although funding for public education is a topic unlikely to command frequent public discussion, no topic is more consequential for achievement, adequacy, and social justice in the learning, lives, and futures of America’s children and young people.
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of Tax Credit Scholarships in Montana School Choice Issues in the State written by Brian Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many states have enacted or are considering proposals to give tax credits for contributions that provide tuition scholarships for students in K-12 schools to attend the private or public schools of their choice. This study seeks to inform the public and policymakers about the implications for Montana if the state were to enact such a program. The study constructs a model to determine the likely contributions that will be received, the level of participation in the program among families and students of different income levels, and the overall fiscal impact of tax-credit scholarships on state government and local school districts. In addition to expanding educational opportunity and improving the equity of the education system, a tax-credit scholarship program would generate significant fiscal benefits for local school districts by increasing the available resources for students who remain in public schools. Because much of their revenue does not vary with enrollment, school districts retain much of the funding associated with students who use scholarships to migrate from public to private schools. The overall impact on public schools is an increase in the financial resources available for each student who remains in a public school. Depending on how the program is designed, it could also result in fiscal savings to the state budget. Even if it does not produce a savings at the state level, overall costs will be significantly reduced because public school spending will go down as students leave with scholarships. (Contains 8 figures, 12 tables and 28 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice and the Montana Family Foundation.].
Download or read book OPPAGA written by Florida. Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education Law written by Derek Black and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-31 with total page 1356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by Derek Black, one of the nation’s foremost experts in education law and policy, and Education Law Association’s 2015 Goldberg Award for Most Significant Publication in Education Law recipient, this third edition casebook develops Education Law through the themes of equality, fairness, and reform. The book focuses on the laws of equal educational opportunity for various disadvantaged student populations, recent reform movements designed to improve education, and the general constitutional rights that extend to all students. New to the Third Edition: Updates on litigation regarding the fundamental right to education, school funding, and their intersection with COVID-19 issues New cases and analysis on the rights of LGBTQ youth, including Bostock v. Clayton County Department of Education’s new regulatory structure for investigating and resolving sexual harassment claims Two new U.S. Supreme Court special education cases defining the meaning of “free and appropriation public education” and the intersection of Rehabilitation Act with the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act New cases on student walkouts and protests New U.S. Supreme Court case, Espinoza v. Montana, on vouchers and the free exercise of religion New analysis and updates on the Every Student Succeeds Act New materials on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision striking down mandatory teacher union fees Professors and student will benefit from: Efficient presentation of cases—to permit more comprehensive inclusion of case law and issues Problems—which can be modified for group exercises, in-class discussion, or out-of-class writing assignments Contextualization and situation of case law in the broader education world—by including edited versions of federal policy guidelines, seminal law review articles, social science studies, and organization reports and studies Careful editing of cases and secondary sources—for ease of reading and comprehension Narrative introductions to every chapter, major section, and case—synthesize and foreshadow the material to improve student comprehension and retention Teaching materials Include: Teacher’s Manual
Download or read book Hearing on the Nominations of Kathleen Hartnett White to be Member of the Council on Environmental Quality and Andrew Wheeler to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of a Corporate Individual Tax Credit Scholarship Program on the State of Indiana School Choice Issues in the State written by David Stuit and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indiana legislators are currently debating the merits of a proposal to adopt a statewide tuition scholarship tax credit program. The proposed program would make available $5 million in tax credits that businesses and individuals could claim by making donations to non-profit Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs). SGO donations would be matched at 50 percent, meaning that the state would provide a 50 cent tax credit for each dollar donated to a SGO. SGOs would in turn distribute scholarships for families to use towards private schooling costs. Eligibility for the program is restricted to students who were not enrolled in private schools in the previous school year and whose household income is at or below 200 percent of the federal free and reduced-price lunch program. Students who received a scholarship in the previous school year from a qualifying non-profit are also eligible. The purpose of this study is to project the impact of this program on the state's public education costs. It forecasts the immediate costs of the program in foregone state tax revenue and the potential cost savings that result if public school students use the scholarships to migrate to private schools. These estimations will allow policymakers and taxpayers to evaluate the merits of the policy in the context of its financial implications for the state. Findings reveal that the tax credit scholarship program will result in savings to the state, regardless of demand. The program is estimated to produce cost savings at any scholarship amount between $500 and $5,000. (Contains 4 figures, 10 tables, and 13 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, the Alliance for School Choice, School Choice Indiana, Indiana Non-Public Education Association, Indiana Catholic Conference, Agudath Israel of America, and the Educational Choice Charitable Trust.].
Download or read book Private School Choice Accountability in State Tax Credit Scholarship Programs Report to Congressional Requesters written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taking Credit for Education written by Jason Bedrick and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every child deserves the chance at a great education and the American dream. Unfortunately, decades of student achievement data reveal that the increasingly costly U.S. district school system does not provide an excellent education for all students. State lawmakers around the country are now seeking ways to enhance the ability of families to choose among not only schools, but online classes, personal tutors, and other educational service providers. Lawmakers in five states have passed laws allowing eligible students to receive an Education Savings Account (ESA) instead of attending their assigned district school or a charter school. Under these ESA laws, the state deposits public funds into private bank accounts that parents can use to purchase a variety of educational products and services. However, nearly 40 states have constitutional provisions prohibiting the use of public funds at religious schools. These so-called Blaine amendments were originally motivated by anti-Catholic sentiment more than a century ago. State courts have interpreted some Blaine amendments in a manner that may pose an obstacle to private-school-choice laws, including ESAs. Fortunately, lawmakers can design ESAs to avoid such constitutional issues. This paper will explain how legislators can design an ESA that is privately funded through tax-credit-eligible contributions from taxpayers, similar to tax-credit scholarship programs around the country. Tax-credit-funded ESAs would empower families with more educational options while enhancing accountability and refraining from coercing anyone into financially supporting ideas they oppose. Because they are funded through voluntary contributions rather than public funds, tax-credit scholarships have a perfect record of constitutionality at the U.S. Supreme Court and at every state supreme court that has considered the issue. In Blaine amendment states, tax-credit ESAs could be a lifeline to families in need. The following are appended: (1) Transparency and Accountability; and (2) Resources.
Download or read book Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 1468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
Download or read book The Tax Credit Scholarship Audit written by Martin F. Lueken and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report follows up on previous work that examined the fiscal effects of private school voucher programs. It estimates the total fiscal effects of tax-credit scholarship programs--another type of private school choice program--on state governments, state and local taxpayers, and school districts combined. Based on a range of assumptions, these programs generated between $1.7 billion and $3.4 billion in taxpayer savings through the 2013-14 school year. That is equivalent to up to $3,000 per scholarship student. In general, tax-credit scholarships allow taxpayers to receive full or partial tax credits when they donate to nonprofits that provide students with private school scholarships. Eligible taxpayers can include both individuals and businesses. Some supporters of tax-credit scholarships argue that they give taxpayers more freedom than vouchers to support the types of education that align with their values and preferences. Vouchers, on the other hand, "compel taxpayers to financially support forms of education to which they may object." For the period covered in this analysis, there were 21 tax-credit scholarship programs operating in 17 states. Of those, the author added 10 (covering seven states) in this report. All but two of the programs analyzed are the largest in the country. In total, the 10 programs that were analyzed represent 93 percent of all scholarships awarded in tax-credit scholarship programs today. Programs analyzed in this report are: (1) Arizona Original Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (2) Arizona Low-Income Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (3) Arizona Lexie's Law for Disabled and Displaced Students Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (4) Arizona "Switcher" Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (5) Florida Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (6) Georgia Qualified Education Expense Tax Credit; (7) Indiana School Scholarship Tax Credit; (8) Iowa School Tuition Organization Tax Credit; (9) Pennsylvania Educational Improvement Tax Credit Program; and (10) Rhode Island Tax Credits for Contributions to Scholarship Organizations. There are certain challenges and considerations that generally apply to evaluating the fiscal impact of any school choice program. Two key factors that apply to all programs: (1) variable costs per student, meaning those costs that are directly associated with a given student and that would not be spent if that student were not enrolled; and (2) the number of students who would have attended public schools without the financial assistance from the tax-credit scholarship program (aka "switchers"). In some states, there is also a third factor: (3) the proportion of scholarships that are given to students who receive more than one scholarship. Appended are: (1) Scholarships Awarded in Tax-Credit Scholarship Programs; (2) Surveying Scholarship Organizations; (3) Considerations and Complicating Factors; and (4) Tax-Credit Scholarship Program Tax Credit Caps.
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of the Kentucky Education Tax Credit Program written by Brian J. Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the fiscal impact of a proposal to create a personal tax credit for educational expenses and a tax-credit scholarship program in Kentucky. It finds that the actual fiscal impact of the program would be much less than its nominal dollar size, due to the reduced public school costs resulting from migration of students from public schools to private schools. Specifically, it finds that the net impact of creating $60 million in tax-credit scholarships would be only $2 million to $17 million, and the net impact of giving $23.2 million in personal tax credits would be only $11.4 million. (Contains 7 figures, 5 tables and 7 endnotes.).
Download or read book Funding School Choice written by Greg Forster and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many states are considering a form a school choice known as "tax-credit scholarships," which currently provide school choice to almost 60,000 students in Arizona, Florida and Pennsylvania, which and have just been enacted in Iowa. This guide shows how tax-credit scholarships work and introduces the scholarship granting organizations that administer them. (Contains 13 endnotes.).
Download or read book Tradition and Change written by Harold T. Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
