Download or read book Task Load and Automation Use in an Uncertain Environment written by Mark A. Daly and published by . This book was released on 2002-03-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that user task load level has on the relationship between an individual's trust in and subsequent use of a system's automation. Automation research has demonstrated a positive correlation between an individual's trust in and subsequent use of the automation. Military decision-makers trust and use information system automation to make many tactical judgments and decisions. In situations of information uncertainty (information warfare environments), decision-makers must remain aware of information reliability issues and temperate their use of system automation if necessary. An individual's task load may have an effect on his use of a system's automation in environments of information uncertainty. It was hypothesized that user task load will have a moderating effect on the positive relationship between system automation trust and use of system automation. Specifically, in situations of information uncertainty (low trust), high task load will have a negative effect on the relationship. To test this hypothesis, an experiment in a simulated command and control micro-world was conducted in which system automation trust and individual task load were manipulated. The findings from the experiment support the positive relationship between automation trust and automation use found in previous research and suggest that task load does have a negative effect on the positive relationship between automation trust and automation use.

Download or read book International Perspectives in Health Informatics written by Elizabeth Borycki and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health information systems are now widely used around the world to raise the quality of healthcare, reduce medical error rates and improve access to health information and services, and health informatics is now recognized as a separate and unique area of disciplinary study and professional practice. This book presents the proceedings of the 2011 Information Technology and Communications in Health (ITCH) conference, in Victoria, BC, Canada in February 2011. Health informatics issues are not unique to one country or one organization and with its theme of International Perspectives, this conference provides a unique opportunity to share the lessons learned by both developed and developing countries. Effective use of scarce healthcare resources, ensuring the long-term sustainability of healthcare systems and moving the science of health informatics forward are discussed, and the conference also addresses key issues at the intersection of technology and healthcare such as; privacy, ethics, patient safety, efficiency and effectiveness, which are common to healthcare providers worldwide. The improvement of healthcare systems which employ health informatics technology is dependent upon such international exchanges and solution-sharing, and this book will be of interest to all those involved in providing better healthcare worldwide.

Download or read book Putting AI in the Critical Loop written by Prithviraj Dasgupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a high level of autonomy for a human-machine team requires assumptions that address behavior and mutual trust. The performance of a human-machine team is maximized when the partnership provides mutual benefits that satisfy design rationales, balance of control, and the nature of autonomy. The distinctively different characteristics and features of humans and machines are likely why they have the potential to work well together, overcoming each other's weaknesses through cooperation, synergy, and interdependence which forms a "collective intelligence. Trust is bidirectional and two-sided; humans need to trust AI technology, but future AI technology may also need to trust humans.Putting AI in the Critical Loop: Assured Trust and Autonomy in Human-Machine Teams focuses on human-machine trust and "assured performance and operation in order to realize the potential of autonomy. This book aims to take on the primary challenges of bidirectional trust and performance of autonomous systems, providing readers with a review of the latest literature, the science of autonomy, and a clear path towards the autonomy of human-machine teams and systems. Throughout this book, the intersecting themes of collective intelligence, bidirectional trust, and continual assurance form the challenging and extraordinarily interesting themes which will help lay the groundwork for the audience to not only bridge the knowledge gaps, but also to advance this science to develop better solutions. - Assesses the latest research advances, engineering challenges, and the theoretical gaps surrounding the question of autonomy - Reviews the challenges of autonomy (e.g., trust, ethics, legalities, etc.), including gaps in the knowledge of the science - Offers a path forward to solutions - Investigates the value of trust by humans of HMTs, as well as the bidirectionality of trust, understanding how machines learn to trust their human teammates

Download or read book The Effect of Task Load Automation Reliability and Environment Complexity on UAV Supervisory Control Performance written by Sarah M. Sherwood and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have experienced exponential growth and now comprise over 40% of military aircraft. However, since most military UAVs require multiple operators (usually an air vehicle operator, payload operator, and mission commander), the proliferation of UAVs has created a manpower burden within the U.S. military. Fortunately, simultaneous advances in UAV automation have enabled a switch from direct control to supervisory control; future UAV operators will no longer directly control a single UAV subsystem but, rather, will control multiple advanced, highly autonomous UAVs. However, research is needed to better understand operator performance in a complex UAV supervisory control environment. The Naval Research Lab (NRL) developed SCOUTTM (Supervisory Control Operations User Testbed) to realistically simulate the supervisory control tasks that a future UAV operator will likely perform in a dynamic, uncertain setting under highly variable time constraints. The study reported herein used SCOUT to assess the effects of task load, environment complexity, and automation reliability on UAV operator performance and automation dependence. The effects of automation reliability on participants’ subjective trust ratings and the possible dissociation between task load and subjective workload ratings were also explored. Eighty-one Navy student pilots completed a 34:15 minute pre-scripted SCOUT scenario, during which they managed three helicopter UAVs. To meet mission goals, they decided how to best allocate the UAVs to locate targets while they maintained communications, updated UAV parameters, and monitored their sensor feeds and airspace. After completing training on SCOUT, participants were randomly sorted into low and high automation reliability groups. Within each group, task load (the number of messages and vehicle status updates that had to be made and the number of new targets that appeared) and environment complexity (the complexity of the payload monitoring task) were varied between low and high levels over the course of the scenario. Participants’ throughput, accuracy, and expected value in response to mission events were used to assess their performance. In addition, participants rated their subjective workload and fatigue using the Crew Status Survey. Finally, a four-item survey modeled after Lee and Moray’s validated (1994) scale was used to assess participants’ trust in the payload task automation and their self-confidence that they could have manually performed the payload task. This study contributed to the growing body of knowledge on operator performance within a UAV supervisory control setting. More specifically, it provided experimental evidence of the relationship between operator task load, task complexity, and automation reliability and their effects on operator performance, automation dependence, and operators’ subjective experiences of workload and fatigue. It also explored the relationship between automation reliability and operators’ subjective trust in said automation. The immediate goal of this research effort is to contribute to the development of a suite of domain-specific performance metrics to enable the development and/or testing and evaluation of future UAV ground control stations (GCS), particularly new work support tools and data visualizations. Long-term goals also include the potential augmentation of the current Aviation Selection Test Battery (ASTB) to better select future UAV operators and operational use of the metrics to determine mission-specific manpower requirements. In the far future, UAV-specific performance metrics could also contribute to the development of a dynamic task allocation algorithm for distributing control of UAVs amongst a group of operators.

Download or read book Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering written by Bilal M. Ayyub and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-12-29 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the expansion of new technologies, materials, and the design of complex systems, the expectations of society upon engineers are becoming larger than ever. Engineers make critical decisions with potentially high adverse consequences. The current political, societal, and financial climate requires engineers to formally consider the factors of uncertainty (e.g., floods, earthquakes, winds, environmental risks) in their decisions at all levels. Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering provides a thorough report on the immediate state of uncertainty modeling and analytical methods for civil engineering systems, presenting a toolbox for solving problems in real-world situations. Topics include Neural networks Genetic algorithms Numerical modeling Fuzzy sets and operations Reliability and risk analysis Systems control Uncertainty in probability estimates This compendium is a considerable reference for civil engineers as well as for engineers in other disciplines, computer scientists, general scientists, and students.

Download or read book Human Robot Interactions in Future Military Operations written by Florian Jentsch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soldier-robot teams will be an important component of future battle spaces, creating a complex but potentially more survivable and effective combat force. The complexity of the battlefield of the future presents its own problems. The variety of robotic systems and the almost infinite number of possible military missions create a dilemma for researchers who wish to predict human-robot interactions (HRI) performance in future environments. Human-Robot Interactions in Future Military Operations provides an opportunity for scientists investigating military issues related to HRI to present their results cohesively within a single volume. The issues range from operators interacting with small ground robots and aerial vehicles to supervising large, near-autonomous vehicles capable of intelligent battlefield behaviors. The ability of the human to 'team' with intelligent unmanned systems in such environments is the focus of the volume. As such, chapters are written by recognized leaders within their disciplines and they discuss their research in the context of a broad-based approach. Therefore the book allows researchers from differing disciplines to be brought up to date on both theoretical and methodological issues surrounding human-robot interaction in military environments. The overall objective of this volume is to illuminate the challenges and potential solutions for military HRI through discussion of the many approaches that have been utilized in order to converge on a better understanding of this relatively complex concept. It should be noted that many of these issues will generalize to civilian applications as robotic technology matures. An important outcome is the focus on developing general human-robot teaming principles and guidelines to help both the human factors design and training community develop a better understanding of this nascent but revolutionary technology. Much of the research within the book is based on the Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED), U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) 5-year Army Technology Objective (ATO) research program. The program addressed HRI and teaming for both aerial and ground robotic assets in conjunction with the U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Research and Development Center (TARDEC) and the Aviation and Missile Development Center (AMRDEC) The purpose of the program was to understand HRI issues in order to develop and evaluate technologies to improve HRI battlefield performance for Future Combat Systems (FCS). The work within this volume goes beyond the research results to encapsulate the ATO's findings and discuss them in a broader context in order to understand both their military and civilian implications. For this reason, scientists conducting related research have contributed additional chapters to widen the scope of the original research boundaries.

Download or read book Human Computer Interaction INTERACT 2017 written by Regina Bernhaupt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four-volume set LNCS 10513—10516 constitutes the proceedings of the 16th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 2017, held in Mumbai, India, in September 2017. The total of 68 papers presented in these books was carefully reviewed and selected from 221 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections named: Part I: adaptive design and mobile applications; aging and disabilities; assistive technology for blind users; audience engagement; co-design studies; cultural differences and communication technology; design rationale and camera-control. Part II: digital inclusion; games; human perception, cognition and behavior; information on demand, on the move, and gesture interaction; interaction at the workplace; interaction with children. Part III: mediated communication in health; methods and tools for user interface evaluation; multi-touch interaction; new interaction techniques; personalization and visualization; persuasive technology and rehabilitation; and pointing and target selection. Part IV: security and trust; social media and design innovation; UX adoption in the organizations; virtual reality and feeling of immersion; case studies; courses; demonstrations; interactive posters; field trips.

Download or read book Humans and Automation written by Thomas B. Sheridan and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human factors, also known as human engineering or human factors engineering, is the application of behavioral and biological sciences to the design of machines and human-machine systems. Automation refers to the mechanization and integration of the sensing of environmental variables, data processing and decision making and mechanical action. This book deals with all the issues involved in human-automation systems from design to control and performance of both humans and machines.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Automation written by Shimon Y. Nof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 1841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook incorporates new developments in automation. It also presents a widespread and well-structured conglomeration of new emerging application areas, such as medical systems and health, transportation, security and maintenance, service, construction and retail as well as production or logistics. The handbook is not only an ideal resource for automation experts but also for people new to this expanding field.

Download or read book Modeling Human Attention and Performance in Automated Environments with Low Task Loading written by Fei Gao (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automation has the benefit of reducing human operators' workload. By leveraging the power of computers and information technology, the work of human operators is becoming easier. However, when the workload is too low but the human is required to be present either by regulation or due to limitations of automation, human performance can be negatively affected. Negative consequences such as distraction, mind wandering, and inattention have been reported across many high risk settings including unmanned aerial vehicle operation, process control plant supervision, train engineers, and anesthesiologists. Because of the move towards more automated systems in the future, a better understanding is needed to enable intervention and mitigation of possible negative impacts. The objectives of this research are to systematically investigate the attention and performance of human operators when they interact with automated systems under low task load, build a dynamic model and use it to facilitate system design. A systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, was proposed to better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of low task loading. A System Dynamics model, named the Performance and Attention with Low-task-loading (PAL) Model, was built based on this framework. The PAL model captures the dynamic changes of task load, attention, and performance over time in long duration low task loading automated environments. In order to evaluate the replication and prediction capability of the model, three dynamic hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from three experiments. The first hypothesis stated that attention decreases under low task load. This was supported by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of target searching using unmanned vehicles. Building on Hypothesis 1, the second and third hypotheses examined the impact of decreased attention on performance in responding to an emergency event. Hypothesis 2 was examined by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of accident response in nuclear power plant monitoring. Results showed that performance is worse with lower attention levels. Hypothesis 3 was tested by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of defensive target tracking. The results showed that the impact of decreased attention on performance was larger when the task was difficult. The process of testing these three hypotheses shows that the PAL model is a generalized theory that could explain behaviors under low task load in different supervisory control settings. Finally, benefits, limitations, generalizability and applications of the PAL model were evaluated. Further research is needed to improve and extend the PAL model, investigate individual differences to facilitate personnel selection, and develop system and task designs to mitigate negative consequences.

Download or read book Control in Robotics and Automation written by Bijoy K. Ghosh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-04-09 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microcomputer technology and micromechanical design have contributed to recent rapid advances in Robotics. Particular advances have been made in sensor technology that allow robotic systems to gather data and react "intelligently" in flexible manufacturing systems. The analysis and recording of the data are vital to controlling the robot.In order to solve problems in control and planning for a Robotic system it is necessary to meet the growing need for the integration of sensors in to the system. Control in Robotics and Automation addresses this need. This book covers integration planning and control based on prior knowledge and real-time sensory information. A new task-oriented approach to sensing, planning and control introduces an event-based method for system design together with task planning and three dimensional modeling in the execution of remote operations.Typical remote systems are teleoperated and provide work efficiencies that are on the order of ten times slower than what is directly achievable by humans. Consequently, the effective integration of automation into teleoperated remote systems offers potential to improve remote system work efficiency. The authors introduce visually guided control systems and study the role of computer vision in autonomously guiding a robot system. - Sensor-Based Planning and Control in an Event-Based Approach - Visually Guided Sensing and Control - Multiple Sensor Fuson in Planning and Control - System Integration and Implementation - Practical Applications

Download or read book Group Interaction in High Risk Environments written by Rainer Dietrich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What governs the way in which people work together and handle technology in high risk environments? The understanding of decision making, communication and the other dimensions of team interaction within aircrews and other teams in highly stressful situations, is based on a multitude of diverse factors, each with its own literature and individual studies. This book is about how teams function in just such situations, providing a uniquely integrated and interdisciplinary account of the dynamics and main explanatory factors of team interaction under high workload. The book stems from the interdisciplinary research project 'Group Interaction in High Risk Environments' (GIHRE), a Collegium of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation. The goals of the project, and therefore the book, are to investigate, analyze and understand the behavior of professional groups working in high risk environments and to develop practical suggestions for enhancing performance. A central focus of this book is how groups in these professions deal with the factors that can threaten the safety and effectiveness of their task performance, whether these factors are part of the environment or part of the team itself. Four representative workplaces were investigated in three broad settings: in aviation, the cockpit of a commercial airliner; in medicine, the operating room and the intensive care unit of a hospital; in nuclear power, the control room of a nuclear power plant. The international and interdisciplinary composition of the Collegium ensures the book features a variety of different methodological and conceptual approaches, which are brought to bear at both theoretical and practical levels. Readers working in all related fields will find value in the case descriptions, the academic synthesis of the similarities between them, and ways to approach new challenges; specialists in applied psychology, human factors and technical management will gain new insights.

Download or read book Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control written by John A. Wise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.

Download or read book Multi UAV Planning and Task Allocation written by Yasmina Bestaoui Sebbane and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-robot systems are a major research topic in robotics. Designing, testing, and deploying aerial robots in the real world is a possibility due to recent technological advances. This book explores different aspects of cooperation in multiagent systems. It covers the team approach as well as deterministic decision-making. It also presents distributed receding horizon control, as well as conflict resolution, artificial potentials, and symbolic planning. The book also covers association with limited communications, as well as genetic algorithms and game theory reasoning. Multiagent decision-making and algorithms for optimal planning are also covered along with case studies. Key features: Provides a comprehensive introduction to multi-robot systems planning and task allocation Explores multi-robot aerial planning; flight planning; orienteering and coverage; and deployment, patrolling, and foraging Includes real-world case studies Treats different aspects of cooperation in multiagent systems Both scientists and practitioners in the field of robotics will find this text valuable.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science written by Saul I. Gass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Audience: Anyone concerned with the science, techniques and ideas of how decisions are made."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book Robust Multimodal Cognitive Load Measurement written by Fang Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores robust multimodal cognitive load measurement with physiological and behavioural modalities, which involve the eye, Galvanic Skin Response, speech, language, pen input, mouse movement and multimodality fusions. Factors including stress, trust, and environmental factors such as illumination are discussed regarding their implications for cognitive load measurement. Furthermore, dynamic workload adjustment and real-time cognitive load measurement with data streaming are presented in order to make cognitive load measurement accessible by more widespread applications and users. Finally, application examples are reviewed demonstrating the feasibility of multimodal cognitive load measurement in practical applications. This is the first book of its kind to systematically introduce various computational methods for automatic and real-time cognitive load measurement and by doing so moves the practical application of cognitive load measurement from the domain of the computer scientist and psychologist to more general end-users, ready for widespread implementation. Robust Multimodal Cognitive Load Measurement is intended for researchers and practitioners involved with cognitive load studies and communities within the computer, cognitive, and social sciences. The book will especially benefit researchers in areas like behaviour analysis, social analytics, human-computer interaction (HCI), intelligent information processing, and decision support systems.

Download or read book Neuroergonomics written by Hasan Ayaz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work and in Everyday Life details the methodologies that are useful for keeping an ideal human-machine system up-to-date, along with information on how to prevent potential overload and minimize errors. It discusses neural measures and the proper methods and technologies to maximize performance, thus providing a resource for neuroscientists who want to learn more about the technologies and real-time tools that can help them assess cognitive and motivational states of human operators and close the loop for advanced human-machine interaction. With the advent of new and improved tools that allow monitoring of brain activity in the field and better identification of neurophysiological markers that can index impending overload or fatigue, this book is a timely resource on the topic. - Includes neurobiological models to better understand risky decision-making and cognitive countermeasures, augmented cognition, and brain stimulations to enhance performance and mitigate human error - Features innovative methodologies and protocols using psychophysiological measurements and brain imaging techniques in realistic operational settings - Discusses numerous topics, including cognitive performance in psychological and neurological disorders, brain computer interfaces (BCI), and human performance monitoring in ecological conditions, virtual reality, and serious gaming