Download or read book Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by George C. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Probable Effects of Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic research study attempting to show what changes might occur in USA production, consumption and imports if the USA were to grant preferential tariffs to developing countries on each of 160 commodity groups - comprises analyses of the probable effects of preferences and includes background material relating to the major existing nongeneralized preferential trading systems and current international efforts to create a system of generalized preferences. References and statistical tables.
Download or read book Quantifying the Value of U S Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by Judith Myrle Dean and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent debates, trade preference erosion has been viewed by some as damaging to developing countries, and by others as insignificant, except in a few cases. But little data have been available to back either view. The objective of this paper is to improve our measures of the size, utilization, and value of all U.S. nonreciprocal trade preference programs in order to shed light on this debate. Highly disaggregated data are used to quantify the margins, coverage, utilization, and value of agricultural and nonagricultural tariff preferences for all beneficiary countries in the U.S. regional programs and in the Generalized System of Preferences. Results show that U.S. regional tariff preference programs are generally characterized by high coverage of beneficiary countries' exports, high utilization by beneficiary countries, and low tariff preference margins (except on apparel). For 29 countries, the value of U.S. tariff preferences was 5 percent or more of 2003 dutiable exports to the United States, even after incorporating actual utilization. Most of this value is attributable to nonagricultural tariff preferences, and to apparel preferences in particular. These results suggest that preference erosion may be significant for more countries than many had thought."--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Legal Aspects of Trade Preferences for Developing States written by Abdulqawi Yusuf and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-04-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multilateral trade system rests on the principle of nondiscrimination. Unilateral trade preferences granted by developed countries can help beneficiary countries but can create tensions between 'preferred' developing countries typically beneficiaries from pre-existing colonial regimes and other developing countries. There is also concern about the potential erosion of these preferences through trade liberalization in the importing countries, an issue that has been important in the current negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization. 'Trade Preference Erosion' provides the information needed to make informed assessments of the benefits of trade preferences for developing countries, the risks associated with the erosion of these benefits, and policy options for dealing with these problems. The authors provide detailed analyses of specific preference programs and undertake cross-country, disaggregated analyses of the impact of preferences at the product level. Understanding the likely impacts of these programs and how those impacts are distributed is a precondition for formulating appropriate policy responses. The authors argue that such responses need to go beyond trade policies and need to include a focus on enhancing the competitiveness and supply-side capacity of developing countries. This book is a useful and informative guide for policy makers, non-governmental organizations, and others who wish to better understand the debate on the magnitude and impact of preference erosion.
Download or read book Probable Effects of Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Preferences for Developing Countries written by Tracy Murray and published by London [etc.] : Macmillan. This book was released on 1977 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on trade development for developing countries, namely the ' generalised system of preferential tariffs (gsp) - discusses its evolution, including the role of UN and of GATT and taking into account the role of developed countries, the role of EC countries and the impact of a changed free trade area in Western Europe, and covers economic integration, economic agreement, trade barriers, the new international economic order and 'most favoured nation' tariff reductions. Bibliography, references and statistical tables.
Download or read book Probable Effects of Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by Erhart Poincilit and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Preferences and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special and differential treatment (SDT) for developing countries has always been a central, but controversial, element of the GATT/WTO multilateral trading system. A large literature on the subject of SDT has emerged in the last 50 years by both proponents and opponents. The contributions to this volume focus on the rationale, institutional features and economic effectiveness of SDT. The editors have carefully selected a number of key articles with a special emphasis on evaluations of the impact of SDT, especially preferential market access. The book also includes more recent contributions which discuss whether there is a continued need for such special treatment and how it might be designed both from a development objective and from the perspective of the trading system generally. This volume is an essential source of reference for those who follow economic and legal debates on the future of the multilateral trade regime and the role of the developing countries in it. The editors have written an authoritative new introduction which illuminates their choice and highlights the contribution of each article.
Download or read book Trade Preferences to Small Developing Countries and the Welfare Costs of Lost Multilateral Liberalization written by Nuno Limão and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of preferential trade liberalization over the last 20 years has raised the question of whether it slows down multilateral trade liberalization. Recent theoretical and empirical evidence indicates this is the case even for unilateral preferences that developed countries provide to small and poor countries but there is no estimate of the resulting welfare costs. To avoid this stumbling block effect we suggest replacing unilateral preferences by a fixed import subsidy. We argue that this scheme would reduce the drag of preferences on multilateral liberalization and generate a Pareto improvement. More importantly, we provide the first estimates of the welfare cost of preferential liberalization as a stumbling block to multilateral liberalization. By combining recent estimates of the stumbling block effect of preferences with data for 170 countries and over 5,000 products we calculate the welfare effects of the United States, European Union and Japan switching from unilateral preferences to Least Developed Countries to the import subsidy scheme. Even in a model with no dynamic gains to trade we find that the switch produces an annual net welfare gain for the 170 countries ($4,354 million) and for each group: the United States, European Union and Japan ($2,934 million), Least Developed Countries ($520 million) and the rest of the world ($900 million).
Download or read book Probable Effects of Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by Catherine Bedell and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying the Value of U S Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries written by Judith M. Dean and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent debates, trade preference erosion has been viewed by some as damaging to developing countries, and by others as insignificant, except in a few cases. But little data have been available to back either view. The objective of this paper is to improve our measures of the size, utilization, and value of all U.S. nonreciprocal trade preference programs in order to shed light on this debate. Highly disaggregated data are used to quantify the margins, coverage, utilization, and value of agricultural and nonagricultural tariff preferences for all beneficiary countries in the U.S. regional programs and in the Generalized System of Preferences. Results show that U.S. regional tariff preference programs are generally characterized by high coverage of beneficiary countries'exports, high utilization by beneficiary countries, and low tariff preference margins (except on apparel). For 29 countries, the value of U.S. tariff preferences was 5 percent or more of 2003 dutiable exports to the United States, even after incorporating actual utilization. Most of this value is attributable to nonagricultural tariff preferences, and to apparel preferences in particular. These results suggest that preference erosion may be significant for more countries than many had thought.
Download or read book The Generalized System of Preferences written by United Nations Publications and published by . This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) scheme is a voluntary trade measure implemented by developed countries that provide an advantageous, or "preferential", tariff treatment to imports from developing countries. The scheme is expected to contribute to developing countries' export growth particularly in the manufacturing sector. Five decades since its inception, the GSP scheme stands at a crossroads. The effectiveness of tariff incentives as a tool to foster exports has eroded over time as trade liberalization processes proceed at multilateral, regional, and unilateral levels, and as the relevance of tariffs to overall trade costs declines. The question arises as to whether the relevance and effectiveness of tariff preferences remain valid today. Focusing on the GSP schemes of the Quad economies (Canada, European Union, Japan, and the United States of America), which accounted for nearly 50 per cent of global imports in the period between 2004 and 2018, the study provides an objective assessment of tariff advantages offered under the GSP by quantifying the economic "value" of preferential treatment and the obstacles to the realization of its full potential. While sharing the same objective of providing preferential market access to imports from developing countries, the GSP schemes of different countries are non-homogeneous sets of national measures. Each GSP scheme is designed according to the granting country's national interests. Across GSP schemes, there is no threshold or minimum requirement in terms of product/country coverage and the level of tariff advantages. Hence, the objective of the study is not to bring value judgment as to which scheme is better or worse relative to others but to take stock of the state of tariff preferences offered under the four representative schemes.
Download or read book Bringing Predictability and Security to Developing Countries Tariff Preferences written by Lorand Bartels and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most economists criticise the GSP for a number of (good) reasons, all preference donors and receivers profess their commitment to what they consider as a tool for developing countries 'to secure a share in the growth of world trade'. The political support given by both receivers and donors to preferences as an economic development tool means that they will remain part of the landscape of international trade regulation for the foreseeable future.Under the WTO Enabling Clause, such preferences are allowed if they are generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory. However, tariff preferences are also often withdrawn on dubious grounds and without due process. This reduces much of their potential value, because traders and investors lack the predictability and security necessary to make long term business decisions based on the market access opportunities that these preferences provide. Indeed, the lack of predictability and security of unilateral tariff preference schemes has been one of the reasons that some developing countries have concluded regional trade agreements (RTAs) under Article XXIV GATT, despite the sometimes heavy price of reciprocity.In this paper we offer an alternative. Based on a legal examination of tariff preference schemes and their limitations (coverage, graduation, safeguards, and conditionality), we make three practical proposals to provide better security and predictability for both preference beneficiaries and donors:1. a binding of GSP schemes under Article II GATT (negotiated under Article XXVIII GATT)2. as an alternative, a dispute settlement regime specifically targeted at unbound preferences, and3. legally secure rules on limitations to GSP programs, including transparent and objective graduation criteria, which may be bound or unbound.Contrary to what is often assumed, this paper demonstrates that it is perfectly possible to bind tariff preferences and graduation criteria under existing WTO rules. All it takes is sufficient political will.Presented at the SIEL 2010 Conference in Barcelona.
Download or read book Staff Research Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
