Download or read book Targeting the Broadly Pathogenic Kynurenine Pathway written by Sandeep Mittal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway plays a critical role in both health and a variety of human diseases. This book highlights the known associations between kynurenine pathway and various disease states, as well as examines the current status of drug development and clinical trials of compounds known to alter tryptophan metabolism. The research plays a critical role in molecular targeted therapies directed at altering the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The initial and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism is mediated by one of two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO; predominantly in the liver, but also in the brain) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; in a host of tissues in response to immune activation). Targeting the enzymes IDO and TDO, as well as other downstream effectors would therefore be likely to generate novel treatment options that would be helpful in a wide variety of clinical settings. This book provides a unique bridge between basic mechanistic understanding of the role of the kynurenine pathway with translational applications and clinical relevance. It will explore the indications that tryptophan metabolism is a potential biomarker of disease activity, can contribute to local and possibly systemic immune suppression in cancer, and is an attractive target for which a variety of inhibitors are readily available.
Download or read book Immunomodulatory Roles of Tryptophan Metabolites in Inflammation and Cancer written by Juliane Günther and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Comparative Endocrine Stress Responses in Vertebrates written by Lluis Tort and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inflammation in the CNS Advancing the Field Using Intravital Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation of the CNS can have devastating, long-lived, and in some cases fatal consequences for patients. The stimuli that can induce CNS inflammation are diverse, and include infectious agents, autoimmune responses against CNS-expressed antigens, and sterile inflammation following ischemia or traumatic injury. In these conditions, cells of the immune system play central roles in promulgation and resolution of the inflammatory response. However, the immunological mechanisms at work in these diverse responses differ according to the nature of the response. Our understanding of the actions of immune cells in the CNS has been restricted by the difficulty in visualising leukocytes as they undergo recruitment from the cerebral microvasculature and following their entry into the CNS parenchyma. However, advances in in vivo microscopy over the last 10-15 years have overcome many of these difficulties, and studies using these forms of microscopy have revealed a wealth of new information regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CNS inflammation. This Research Topic brings together state of the art reviews examining the use of in vivo imaging in investigating inflammation and leukocyte behaviour in the CNS. Papers in this Research Topic describe how in vivo microscopy has increased our understanding of the actions of immune cells in the inflamed CNS, following various stimuli including autoimmunity, infection and sterile inflammation.
Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Download or read book Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis written by Lauren B. Krupp, MD and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide for physicians and other health care professionals discusses the impact of fatigue on the individual with MS, the potential etiologies underlying MS-related fatigue, its work up and diagnosis, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies. Fatigue is perhaps the single most prevalent and disabling symptom of the multiple sclerosis, and limits patients' activity more than any other MS symptom. The identification of fatigue as a distinct clinical entity requires both art and science, and most of all, a willingness and ability to listen carefully to patients and their families. The physician's ability to obtain a comprehensive history requires a full understanding of the circumstances in which fatigue occurs (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and demands consideration of a large number of disorders, including anxiety, depression, excessive daytime sleepiness, pain, and spasticity, all of which may mimic or contribute to fatigue. While fatigue is almost exclusively a subjective experience, depending on the patient's ability to understand and report this symptom, there are effective methods for identifying the existence of fatigue, determining its severity, and distinguishing it from related or contributing disorders such as depression, pain, and sleep disorders. Readers will learn that fatigue need not be tolerated by the MS patient. Various therapies, support systems, and treatment of underlying affective disorders can all alleviate fatigue or reduce its impact, restoring the patient's energy levels and ability to participate in life. Virtually every MS patient with fatigue can benefit from intervention, and failing to treat the symptom of fatigue with the respect that it deserves is a serious detriment to patient care.
Download or read book Innate Immunity in Health and Disease written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on various aspects and properties of innate immunity, whose deep understanding is integral for safeguarding the human race from further loss of resources and economies due to innate immune response-mediated diseases. Throughout this book, we examine the individual mechanisms by which the innate immune response acts to protect the host from pathogenic infectious agents and other non-communicable diseases. Written by experts in the field, the volume discusses the significance of macrophages in infectious disease, tumor metabolism, and muscular disorders. Chapters cover such topics as the fate of differentiated macrophages and the molecular pathways that are important for the pathologic role of macrophages.
Download or read book Immunotherapy written by Aung Naing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of immuno-oncology continues to rapidly evolve as new insights to fight and treat cancer emerge. The fourth edition of Immunotherapy provides the most current overview of immuno-oncology in different cancer types and toxicities associated with immunotherapy. While immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of several solid malignancies, several challenges still exist. Only a subset of patients derive clinical benefits; some do not respond at all, and others respond initially, only for their disease to progress later. Because these drugs can activate a broad range of immune cells, patients suffer from a unique set of side effects known as immune-related adverse events. As more immunotherapeutic agents are used in the clinic, it is important to provide updates about current and ongoing developments in the field to further research efforts and inform treatment decisions. The fourth edition will have a new focus on strategies to overcome the challenges associated with immunotherapy. Chapters will discuss topics such as biomarkers of response, resistance mechanisms, role of imaging in predicting immune-related adverse events, and management of immune-related adverse events. Written by leading experts conducting cutting-edge research, readers will gain up-to-date knowledge on the current state and future of immunotherapy.
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Download or read book Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer written by David Kerr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the manipulation of the immune system as a therapeutic approach to gastrointestinal cancer and its clinical applications, exploring therapeutic approaches which might be taken under the broad banner of immunotherapy. Starting by introducing concepts of modern immunology, the clinical applications of immunotherapy are then discussed. The reader will learn about the three broad classes of immune therapeutic agents: cell-based treatment; antibody therapy; cytokine application and the key effector cells and mechanisms which might cause tumour rejection. The reverse side of this equation, the genetic and molecular mechanisms which the tumour can use to escape immune control and regulation, is also discussed. Through reviewing the most up-to-date evidence, this volume provides an overview of the important scientific lessons learned from past failure of immunotherapeutics in the clinic and highlights more positive recent data, coupled to practical guidelines for clinical usage. Written by a team of worldwide experts, this is an indispensable guide for medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation therapists, pharmacists, oncology nurse specialists.
Download or read book Inflammation Associated Depression Evidence Mechanisms and Implications written by Robert Dantzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation has invaded the field of psychiatry. The finding that cytokines are elevated in various affective and psychotic disorders brings to the forefront the necessity of identifying the precise research domain criteria (RDoCs) that inflammation is responsible for. This task is certainly the most advanced in major depressive disorders. The reason is that a dearth of clinical and preclinical studies has demonstrated that inflammation can cause symptoms of depression and conversely, cytokine antagonists can attenuate symptoms of depression in medical and psychiatric patients with chronic low grade inflammation. Important knowledge has been gained on the symptom dimensions that inflammation is driving and the mechanisms of action of cytokines in the brain, providing new targets for drug research and development. The aim of the book “Inflammation-Associated Depression” is to present this field of research and its implications in a didactic and comprehensive manner to basic and clinical scientists, psychiatrists, physicians, and students at the graduate level.
Download or read book Progressive Brain Disorders in Childhood written by Juan M. Pascual and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of childhood neurodegenerative and other progressive but non-degenerative disorders to guide their diagnosis and management.
Download or read book Cancer Cell Signalling written by Amanda Harvey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A focused, accessible introduction to this key aspect of cancer biology. It covers the individual cell signalling pathways that are known to be involved in cancer development, and, most important, includes the cross- interactions between the pathways together with the current therapeutic approaches. This is a ‘must-have’ for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying and researching within the field of cancer biology.
Download or read book Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism written by Graziella Allegri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-01-15 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting of the International Study Group for Tryptophan Research (ISTR V), held at the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, from 25-29 June, 2002 under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) in Roma, the University of Padova, the Italian Chemical Society - Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, the Veneto Region and the City of Padova. The meeting was organized to cover the recent developments in the field of tryptophan research. Weare very honoured that so many speakers accepted our invitation to give plenary lectures which, with the other communications, demonstrated the high scientific value of the Meeting. The publications in this volume are subdivided into nine main chapters, and cover all the major aspects in immunology, neurobiology, psychiatry, pathology, clinics, metabolism, enzymology, pharmacology, toxicology, melatonin, exercise and analytical chemistry. The volume includes the contributions of 325 scientists from 24 countries, and the Musajo Memorial Lecture delivered by Prof. Osamu Hayaishi during the Opening Ceremony.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.
Download or read book Introduction to Epilepsy written by Gonzalo Alarcón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all aspects of epilepsy, from basic mechanisms to diagnosis and management, as well as legal and social considerations.
Download or read book Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-renowned scientists, the volume provides a state-of-the-art on the most recent MRI techniques related to MS, and it is an indispensable tool for all those working in this field. The context in which this book exists is that there is an increasing perception that modern MR methodologies should be more extensively employed in clinical trials to derive innovative information.
