Download or read book Targeting and Contemporary Aerial Bombardment written by Marco Roscini and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article analyses certain legal problems related to air warfare. In particular, it investigates the application of the principles of distinction and proportionality to contemporary air warfare and tries to identify what can be lawfully targeted and what cannot. The article concludes that the position of the United States on the one hand and of the European states on the other is different with regard to many international humanitarian law issues.
Download or read book Targeting Civilians in War written by Yew Fan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The American Way of Bombing written by Matthew Evangelista and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerial bombardment remains important to military strategy, but the norms governing bombing and the harm it imposes on civilians have evolved. The past century has seen everything from deliberate attacks against rebellious villagers by Italian and British colonial forces in the Middle East to scrupulous efforts to avoid "collateral damage" in the counterinsurgency and antiterrorist wars of today. The American Way of Bombing brings together prominent military historians, practitioners, civilian and military legal experts, political scientists, philosophers, and anthropologists to explore the evolution of ethical and legal norms governing air warfare. Focusing primarily on the United States—as the world’s preeminent military power and the one most frequently engaged in air warfare, its practice has influenced normative change in this domain, and will continue to do so—the authors address such topics as firebombing of cities during World War II; the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the deployment of airpower in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya; and the use of unmanned drones for surveillance and attacks on suspected terrorists in Pakistan, Yemen, Sudan, Somalia, and elsewhere.
Download or read book Aerial Bombardment and the International Regulation of Warfare written by Morton William Royse and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Governing from the Skies written by Thomas Hippler and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the war from the past one hundred years is a history of bombing “Tripoli, 1 November 1911: I decided that today I would try to drop bombs from the aeroplane … if I succeed I shall be happy to have been the first.” —Italian Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti At its inception, aerial bombardment was a weapon of empire deployed to subdue colonial populations. Soon, during the Second World War, civilians in Europe and Japan came into the bomber’s crosshairs, and ever since non-combatant targets have been at the heart of military strategy. It was a seismic shift in the relations of power: as the state justified the mass murder of civilians, individual combatants, flying high above their victims, were distanced from the act of killing as never before. The ascendance of drones as an instrument of military power is the latest stage in this cruel evolution, which has led to a perpetual low-intensity war on the global scene. As the technology enabling it spreads through the world, the borders of the conflict will grow in proportion. In this short and fascinating history of aerial warfare, Thomas Hippler brings together all the major themes of the past century: nationalism, democracy, totalitarianism, colonialism, globalization, the welfare state and its decline, and the rise of neoliberalism. Air power is the defining characteristic of modern warfare; as Hippler demonstrates, it is also ingrained in the nature of modern politics.
Download or read book Strategic Terror written by Beau Grosscup and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2008-02-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a global history of aerial bombardment, this book shows how certain European powers initiated aerial bombardment of civilians after World War I, and how it was an instrument of choice in World War II. Beau Grosscup shows that such methods, used initially as a means of terrorizing native populations in Africa and the Middle East, have become the primary form of terrorism in more recent decades. While such 'strategic terror' is not classed as 'terrorism' in the West, this reflects an unwillingness to confront the human costs and immorality of aerial bombardment. Grosscup argues that if terrorism is to be diminished, the role of aerial bombing in sustaining global violence must be recognized.
Download or read book Morality in Modern Aerial Warfare written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States finds itself today in the position of being able to attack a wide variety of targets throughout the world with precision undreamed of even 20 years ago. This precision engagement capability, a core competency of the U.S. Air Force (USAF), leads to a serious debate about the ability of the United States to project power at any place and at any time with a precision that will minimize the threat to non-combatants. However, despite the promise of precision engagement, we have yet to see it brought to fruition. Although precision weapons capability has continued to improve, we found during Desert Storm and Allied Force that we still incur politically and morally unpalatable levels of civilian and noncombatant casualties due to poor planning and poor employment. We also find it generally accepted that we need to inflict various levels of pain upon the enemy population to bend them to our will. This paper contends that aerial operations can be conducted using Just War guidelines, which can preserve and enhance the United States' traditionally high moral position. It is entirely possible to carry out an air operation to achieve strategic and operational objectives while upholding morality, minimizing casualties on both sides, and bringing about a swift end to the conflict. Chapters present a basic description of strategic aerial bombardment followed by discussions of airpower theorists and morality; the USAF's current legal norms, guidelines, and philosophy; Just War and aerial warfare; moral considerations for targeting; a historical perspective on the effectiveness of previous aerial bombardment campaigns, including those of World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Desert Storm, and Allied Storm; moral implications of aerial bombardment with respect to noncombatants; and the applicability of morality to future air operations. (43 refs.).
Download or read book Command Of The Air written by General Giulio Douhet and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.
Download or read book The Law of Targeting written by William H. Boothby and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeting is the primary method for securing strategic objectives in an armed conflict. Failure to comply with the law of targeting jeopardizes the achievement of those aims. It is therefore essential that all those involved in or studying issues surrounding targeting have an accurate and complete understanding of this area of law. This book offers the definitive and comprehensive statement of all aspects of the law of targeting. It is a 'one-stop shop' that answers all relevant questions in depth. It has been written in an open, accessible yet comprehensive style, and addresses both matters of established law and issues of topical controversy. The text explains the meanings of such terms as 'civilian', 'combatant', and 'military objective'. Chapters are devoted to the core targeting principles of distinction, discrimination, and proportionality, as well as to the relationship between targeting and the protection of the environment and of objects and persons entitled to special protection. New technologies are also covered, with chapters looking at attacks using unmanned platforms and a discussion of the issues arising from cyber warfare. The book also examines recent controversies and perceived ambiguities in the rules governing targeting, including the use of human shields, the level of care required in a bombing campaign, and the difficulties involved in determining whether someone is directly participating in hostilities. This book will be invaluable to all working in this contentious area of law.
Download or read book International Conflict and Security Law written by Richard Burchill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hilaire McCoubrey wrote extensively in the area of armed conflict law, and on the issues of collective security law and the law relating to arms control. Although he died at the early age of 46 in 2000 he had contributed significantly to the separate study of these areas, but also to the idea of studying the issues as a whole subject. The collection covers difficult and controversial issues in the area of conflict and security law. The contributors, drawn both from academe and practice, provide expert analysis of many aspects of the law governing armed conflict and collective security. As well as providing a fitting tribute to the main aspects of Hilaire's contribution to knowledge, the volume provides a coherent reconsideration and development of key aspects of conflict and security law at a time when that law is being applied, breached, debated or reformed on almost a daily basis.
Download or read book The Contemporary Law of Targeting written by Ian Henderson and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armed conflict is about using force to achieve goals. As international humanitarian law regulates the means and methods that a belligerent may adopt to achieve its goals, there will inevitably be disagreements over the interpretation of that law. As for the rules that regulate targeting, the main difficulties arise over what is a lawful target and what is proportional collateral damage. This book provides a detailed analysis of those issues. Also, a chapter is dedicated to considering how United Nations Security Council sanctioning of participation in an armed conflict might affect the range of lawful targets available to a belligerent. Finally, a process is described by which legal responsibility for targeting decisions can be assessed in a complex decision-making environment.
Download or read book Aerial Bombardment The Facts With Illustrations written by BOMBARDMENT. and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Toolbox for the Application of the Rules of Targeting written by Tetyana (Tanya) Krupiy and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How military commanders interpret the rules of targeting impacts not only on whether civilians and civilian objects are harmed in the course of a military operation, but also on the scale of harm that ensues. Commentators have queried whether military commanders observed the law even when parties to a conflict acted in accordance with mandates to protect civilians, as was the case when a coalition of states bombed targets in Libya in 2011. However, limited guidance is publicly available on how military commanders apply these rules on the battlefield. In order to allow military commanders to exercise judgment in determining what steps they are required to take to spare civilians in a specific set of circumstances, the rules of targeting are formulated in an open-ended fashion, which complicates one’s ability to evaluate whether a particular military operation complies with the law. By examining case studies ranging from Operation Desert Storm in 1991 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014, this book addresses lacunae in current scholarship. It puts forward principles which capture how military commanders deliberate while interpreting what the rules of targeting require in particular scenarios. International humanitarian law, this book contends, places a duty on attackers to assume risk in order to mitigate danger to civilians. Drawing on the field of psychology, this study provides an explanation of how military commanders assess when circumstances do not permit them to inform civilians about a forthcoming attack.
Download or read book Targeted Killings and International Law written by Roland Otto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing international law is capable to govern the “war on terror” also in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. The standards generally applicable to targeted killings are those of human rights law. Force may be used in order to address immediate threats, preventive killings are permitted under strict preconditions but targeted killings are prohibited. In the context of armed conflicts, these standards are complemented by international humanitarian law as lex specialis. Civilians may only be targeted while directly taking part in hostilities and posing a threat to the adversary. Also in Israel and the Occupied Territory, these standards apply. Contrary to the Israeli Supreme Court’s view, international humanitarian law is not complemented by human rights law, but human rights law is – to some degree – complemented by international humanitarian law. According to these standards, many killings which would be legal according to the Israeli Supreme Court violate international law.
Download or read book Legitimate Targets written by Janina Dill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can international law regulate warfare? Experiences of US bombing suggests it does not solve the twenty-first-century belligerent's legitimacy dilemma.
Download or read book Air Power and War Rights written by James Molony Spaight and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Blitz Companion written by Mark Clapson and published by University of Westminster Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Blitz Companion offers a unique overview of a century of aerial warfare, its impact on cities and the people who lived in them. It tells the story of aerial warfare from the earliest bombing raids and in World War 1 through to the London Blitz and Allied bombings of Europe and Japan. These are compared with more recent American air campaigns over Cambodia and Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s, the NATO bombings during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s, and subsequent bombings in the aftermath of 9/11. Beginning with the premonitions and predictions of air warfare and its terrible consequences, the book focuses on air raids precautions, evacuation and preparations for total war, and resilience, both of citizens and of cities. The legacies of air raids, from reconstruction to commemoration, are also discussed. While a key theme of the book is the futility of many air campaigns, care is taken to situate them in their historical context. The Blitz Companion also includes a guide to documentary and visual resources for students and general readers. Uniquely accessible, comparative and broad in scope this book draws key conclusions about civilian experience in the twentieth century and what these might mean for military engagement and civil reconstruction processes once conflicts have been resolved.
