Download or read book Tactical Integration of Special Operations and Conventional Forces Command and Control Functions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph addresses the question, Is the 1999 edition of FM 100-25, Doctrine for Army Special Operations Forces, adequate to integrate the actions of special operations forces (SOF) and conventional forces on the contemporary battlefield? Operations in Afghanistan in 2001 and operations in Iraq in 1991 showed two different degrees of physical integration between SOF and conventional forces on the battlefield. Forces in Afghanistan routinely conducted operations in close proximity to each other, measured in meters. This proximity required close, tactical-level cooperation between SOF and conventional forces. Forces in Iraq in 1991 however, rarely operated in close proximity to each other. Instead, SOF forces supported operational objectives, operating in areas physically separated from conventional forces by hundreds of kilometers. Evidence presented in this monograph shows that although the degree of physical integration was different, the method used to integrate the C2 functions of the two forces was similar, emphasizing a SOF centric approach to command and control of SOF forces. This monograph examines the integration of command and control (C2) functions of SOF and conventional forces in two case studies. Focus is placed on describing the relationships between physical integration of SOF and conventional forces on the battlefield, the command structure used to control the respective forces, and the methods used to integrate the C2 functions between SOF and conventional forces. This monograph concludes that effective integration between SOF and conventional force C2 was not observed in Afghanistan. A root cause of this ineffectiveness was that the doctrine that governs SOF and conventional force C2 integration, FM 100-25 dated 1999, was inadequate.
Download or read book Tactical Integration of Conventional and Special Operations Forces in Training for a Complex World Detailed Case Study of Operation Enduring Freedom written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current army doctrine provides a guide for the integration of conventional and special operations forces in combat, but provides little direction to guide the integration of conventional and special operations forces in a peacetime training environment. This monograph seeks to determine if and how the US Army should formalize the integration of conventional forces and special operations forces in training for the complex future. By analyzing instances of integration of conventional and special operations forces in the first two years of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, this monograph concludes that peacetime integration in training should be emphasized more, particularly at the combat training centers. Because of the uncertainty inherent in the future operating environment, a formal model for this integration in training could not be developed. Regardless, an increase in integration of conventional and special operations forces in training will inherently provide a common understanding that can be applied to integration in combat. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Methodology 4. Case Study: Operation Enduring Freedom 5. Findings and Analysis 6. Conclusion Conventional forces and SOF integration and interoperability is often asserted as a key to maximizing resources to accomplish missions. International relations and complexity theorist Robert Jervis describes this interaction effect in saying that "events that occur close together also can have a different impact than they would if their separate influences were merely summed." He goes on to explain this concept that the whole of a system is different than the sum of its parts. Thinking systemically, CF and SOF integration has the potential to produce greater effects than if CF and SOF operated independently of each other. Despite this, CF and SOF integration is not fully embraced by either the conventional Army or the special operations community. United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has recently instituted the Global SOF Network (GSN) model, where USSOCOM integrates the US SOF more closely with international and intra-national SOF elements. Meanwhile, the Army has implemented the Regionally Aligned Forces (RAF) concept, where Army conventional brigades develop regionally based expertise and form habitual relationships with Geographic Combatant Commands to aid in conducting theater security cooperation activities. Because of these initiatives, it is evident that SOF and CF will continue to operate in the same locations, toward the same objectives, in combat and non-combat operations in the future. Despite the emergence of the RAF and GSN concepts, and the theoretical ability for the whole of a system to be different than the sum of its parts, the Army has done little to formalize or foster continuous and lasting efforts for integrating special operations and conventional forces.
Download or read book Special Forces Command And Control In Afghanistan written by Major Richard G. Rhyne and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the command and control relationship between Special Forces and conventional forces. Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan serves as a case study in practice and doctrinal application. Against the backdrop of World War II, Operations in Panama, Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, and Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, this thesis provides an analysis of the complex issues arising from the necessity to fight jointly.
Download or read book Command Control and Integration of Special Operations Forces Into the General Purpose Force written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing number of "non-traditional" missions the United States military is faced with in the twenty-first century, operational commanders will be required to form unique joint organizations designed to complete these missions. While not a new problem, joint force commanders of General Purpose Forces (GPF) must identify the appropriate way in which to integrate Special Operations Forces (SOF) into their plans. More specifically, GPF and SOF Commanders must agree upon the proper command and control structure for Special Operations that meets the needs of the GPF Commander, while ensuring that the SOF element is utilized correctly. Current joint and SOF doctrine specifies proposed command relationships between SOF and the GPF Commander, yet we continually face problems within this arena. Because of the unique nature of Special Operations, many conventional commanders and planners are not familiar with SOF capabilities, limitations, roles and missions. As a result, the conventional planning staff typically expects more than the SOF unit can deliver or conversely under utilizes the SOF unit's capabilities. A revived command and control architecture rich with liaisons designed to assist joint force planners and commanders would help the United States military take a large step in the right direction of maximizing our joint capabilities, while minimizing mis-management in a time of shrinking forces and expanding missions.
Download or read book United States Special Operations Forces Posture Statement written by U.S. Special Operations Command and published by . This book was released on with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book To Integrate Or to Deconlict that is the Question An Examination of Contemporary Challenges in Conventional and Special Operations Forces Command and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence from recent operations suggests that current joint and USSOCOM doctrine are producing command and control (C2) arrangements between conventional forces (CF) and special operations forces (SOF) that are dysfunctional at the tactical level and counter-productive in achieving operational objectives. Operations Restore Hope, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom each reveal the dangers of attempting to integrate C2 between SOF and CF at the operational level, but failing to do so at the tactical level. To address current threats effectively, the U.S. military would be wise to reverse this approach. In the global campaign against ideological extremist insurgency, SOF best leverage their counter-terrorism, foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, and unconventional warfare skills by focusing on Phase 0 shaping operations in the arc of instability. In counterinsurgency environments such as Afghanistan and Iraq, priority of mission should go to CF efforts, and joint force commanders should integrate SOF with CF at the tactical level to prevent compromising this effort. The Joint Staff and USSOCOM can facilitate this by modifying joint doctrine to permit SOF and CF C2 integration at the tactical level and revising joint education curricula and training opportunities to include exercising this integration. Until USSOCOM does so, it will exacerbate rather than resolve one of the primary problems that led to its creation: parochial interests compromising unity of effort while in the pursuit of national security objectives.
Download or read book United States Special Operations Forces written by Christopher J. Lamb and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, two national-security experts put the exploits of America’s special operation forces in historical and strategic context. David Tucker and Christopher J. Lamb offer an incisive overview of America’s turbulent experience with special operations. Starting with in-depth interviews with special operators, the authors illustrate the diversity of modern special operations forces and the strategic value of their unique attributes. Despite longstanding and growing public fascination with special operators, these forces and their contribution to national security are poorly understood. With this book, Tucker and Lamb dispel common misconceptions and offer a penetrating analysis of how these unique and valuable forces can be employed to even better effect in the future. The book builds toward a comprehensive assessment of the strategic utility of special operations forces, which it then considers in light of the demands of future warfare. This second edition of United States Special Operations Forces, revised throughout to account for lessons learned in the twelve years since its first publication, includes two new case studies, one on High Value Target Teams and another on Village Stability Operations, and two new appendixes charting the evolution of special operation missions and the best literature on all aspects of U.S. special operation forces.
Download or read book Consultation Paper on Proposed Amendments to the Conveyancing and Property Ordinance Cap 219 Execution of Conveyancing Documents by Corporations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book US Special Operations Forces in Action written by Thomas K. Adams and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work argues for a shift in expectations for "unconventional warfare" with a greater willingness to accept lengthy commitments and incremental progress.
Download or read book Special Operations Forces written by John M. Collins and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, John Collins speaks with the authority of one who was literally present at the birth of the low intensity conflict era. His long-term, intimate, and direct contact with the esoteric world of special operations has few parallels. Their roots go back in time and history considerably farther, but today's Special Operations Forces are largely products of the past three decades. Their development has been in response to the pressures of world-wide situations perceived to bear upon or which actually do affect American strategic interests. The use of raw military power may not provide solutions to the complex problems involved and may even be counter-productive. Special Operations forces, uniquely suited to fill the quasi-military gap, require the highest degree of professional competence in the application of the classical principles of war. This is a big order. It is difficult in a few words to pay John Collins the tribute he deserves for continuing efforts to educate both the Congress and the U.S. Armed Forces concerning the capabilities and limitations of special operations and the forces they involve. This latest addition to his carefully researched studies combines history, philosophy, factual data, and reference materials in a single document that should be on the desks of civilian and military leaders whose responsibilities relate in any way to special operations.
Download or read book Special Operations and Conventional Forces written by Maj Grant M. Martin and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this monograph is to offer some practical solutions to building unity of effort between Special Operations Forces (SOF) and conventional forces using operations in Afghanistan from 2001 until 2009 as a case study. In researching U.S. legal code and U.S. Armed Forces doctrine, it is clear that both the U.S. Congress and the various services intended all forces to work together towards a common end during operations. In the case of Afghanistan, it is apparent that three things complicated unity of effort between SOF and conventional forces: the lack of an Afghanistan campaign plan by USCENTCOM, the assignment of SOF under the operational control of the conventional force Joint Task Force from 2002 until 2006, and the difficulties of a transition to a NATO command structure in 2006. These complications affected both the activities on the battlefield and the synchronization of operational and strategic plans. This led to problems that included an atmosphere of mistrust and misunderstanding, support issues, conventional forces struggling to command and control SOF, unneeded restrictions on SOF, and personality conflicts that affected operations and synchronization. Several different possible solutions to improve unity of effort exist. They are: changing the command and control structure between SOF and conventional forces, nesting SOF operations and plans with the overall campaign plan, attempting to align the proper personalities with certain tasks and positions, educating and integrating SOF and conventional forces, aligning and empowering liaison officers more appropriately, and aligning SOF headquarters with conventional force headquarters as appropriate. The conclusion is that there are three imperatives to ensuring unity of effort between SOF and conventional forces. The first is to ensure that SOF operations and plans are nested with the overall theater campaign plan and if there is no overall theater campaign plan that SOF take the lead in its development. The second imperative is to use liaison officers that are the commander's representative and are value-added to the headquarters they liaise with. The third imperative is to ensure a command and control relationship between SOF and conventional forces which is flexible, allowing for the most robust support SOF can provide, while at the same time ensuring that forces are not working at cross-purposes. A more long-term and multi-faceted imperative that will take institutional change is that of the education of SOF and conventional forces about their respective branches, as well as prioritizing the integration of these forces during training and operations. Lastly, matching up personalities to staff positions wherein conventional forces and SOF interaction is high, as well as aligning SOF and conventional forces headquarters where appropriate are also areas in which unity of effort can be increased.
Download or read book The Competitive Advantage written by Michael E Krivdo and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 8 of the Army University Large Scale Combat Operations series. The Competitive Advantage: Special Operations Forces in Large Scale Combat Operations presents twelve historical case studies of special operations forces from World War I through Operation Iraqi Freedom. This volume sheds light upon the emerging roles, missions, and unique capabilities that have forged a path for Army Special Operations Forces today. These case studies set Large Scale Combat Operations in the center and place ARSOF's role in the forefront. If a reader were to take one piece from this volume, it would be the clear understanding of the close synergy that occurs between the Conventional Force and SOF in Large Scale Combat Operations for major wars in the 20th and early 21st century. That synergy should provide a broad azimuth for military planners and practitioners to follow as the Army, SOF, and the Joint Force combine to preserve the peace, defend the Nation, and defeat any adversary.
Download or read book Integration of Conventional Forces and Special Operations Forces written by Michael D. Hastings and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is designed to discover perceived issues that plague conventional forces and special operations forces (SOF) integration on the battlefield. The research did in fact show that although operational and tactical integration of these disparate forces is overall successful, there exist several impediments to a truly joint and combined arms fight. The methodology used to conduct the analysis is based on the doctrine, organization, training, material, leadership, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF) construct, and the most pertinent issues identified from the contemporary operational environment. Each facet of the DOTMLPF was underscored with examples from recent conventional force and special operations force integrated operations in Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and offers modest solutions to these matters. The recommendations affect doctrine, organization, training, material, and leadership; but find no cause to effect change or improvement to personnel and facilities within the Department of Defense. The recommendations are intended to increase the capabilities of both conventional forces and SOF, whether integrated or not. While this study identifies several matters that hamper truly synergistic integration, it is ultimately up to senior leadership within the military to continue further study and analysis, and overcome the inertia that hinders our joint warfighting capability.
Download or read book Special Operations Forces Reference Manual written by Joint Special Operations and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Operations ForcesReference Manual Fourth Edition
Download or read book 2015 Special Operations Forces Reference Manual Fourth Edition SOF Attributes Precision Strike USSOCOM Structure Africa Europe Korea Pacific Command and Control Ranger Missions SOAR written by Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the Special Operations Forces Reference Manual was redesigned to support the Joint Special Operations University's academic mission. It provides general information on U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force Special Operations Forces (SOF). More specifically, this document is designed to accomplish three broad purposes: 1. Provide a single primary source of reference material on all SOF components; 2. Provide an overview of special operations and SOF to facilitate a broader understanding of SOF capabilities to academic institutions and personnel who may not routinely use this data; 3. Provide standard SOF reference data to SOF faculty members at professional military education institutions for use in their instruction. The target audience for this manual spans from special operations staff officers and enlisted personnel at United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), its component and subordinate commands, the theater special operations commands, conventional force/unified commands and their staffs that may employ SOF in their areas of responsibility to partner-nation staffs, and both civilian and military educational institutions. This reference manual is doctrinally based, drawing information and data from joint, USSOCOM, and service publications. Chapter 1 * Introduction to Special Operations * Special Operations * Four Factors for Successful Special Operations * Characteristics of Special Operations * SOF Truths * SOF Ethic and Culture - Quiet Professionals * Doctrinal Overview of Special Operations Forces * Successful Conduct * United States Special Operations Command * Joint Special Operations * Shaping Environments * The Strategic Environment * Attributes of SOF * Precision Strike and Effects * Tailored and Integrated Operations * Ubiquitous Access * Regional Expertise, Presence, and Influence * C4ISR Dominance * Agile and Unconventional Logistics * Force Protection and Survivability * SOF Operational Framework/SOF Operating Concept * Special Operations and Strategic Challenges * SOF Operating Concept * SOF Core Activities * Stability Operations * Support Considerations for SOF * Chapter 2 * Special Operations Force Structure * United States Special Operations Command * USSOCOM-A Unique Organization * Headquarters, U.S. Special Operations Command (HQ USSOCOM) * USSOCOM J2 Intelligence * USSOCOM J3 Operations * Global Mission Support Center (GMSC) * SOF Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (SOF AT&L) * USSOCOM J5 Strategy, Plans, and Policy * USSOCOM J6 Communications Systems * USSOCOM J8 Force Structure, Requirements, Resources, and Strategic Assessments Directorate * Special Operations Financial Management (SOFM) * USSOCOM Directorate of Force Management and Development (FMD) (J1, J7, J9, and Joint Special Operations University) * Joint Special Operations University (JSOU) * USSOCOM Organizations * Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) * Theater Special Operations Commands (TSOCs) * Special Operations Command, Africa (SOCAFRICA) * Special Operations Command, Central (SOCCENT) * Special Operations Command, Europe (SOCEUR) * Special Operations Command, Korea (SOCKOR) * Special Operations Command, North (SOCNORTH) * Special Operations Command, Pacific (SOCPAC) * Special Operations Command, South (SOCSOUTH) * SOF Operational Command and Control * Special Operations Forces Joint Task Force * Command and Control of SOF in Theater * Role of the TSOC Commander * Forming a SOF Command and Control Structure (JSOTF or JFSOCC) * SOF as the Lead for a Joint Task Force * Notional Organization of a JSOTF * Joint Special Operations Air Component (JSOAC) * SOF Integration with Conventional Operations and Forces * Joint Military Information Support Task Force (JMISTF) * Joint Civil-Military Operations Task Force (JCMOTF) * NATO Special Operations Component Command
Download or read book Special Operations Command and Control Element SOCCE Preliminary Analysis of Equipment and Personnel Requirements for the Digitized Battlefield written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Army special operations forces (SOF) operate in conjunction with or close to conventional Army forces, a special operations command and control element (SOCCE) is established to synchronize operations and harmonize actions between the SOF and conventional force elements. A SOCCE is usually co-located with an Army corps tactical operations center (TOC). On the emerging digitized battlefield, the corps TOC will be equipped with the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS) to provide a seamless flow of tactical information to commanders, corps, and below. A SOCCE will also require an ATCCS capability in order to exchange information with the conventional force and successfully perform its mission. A preliminary mission and task analysis was conducted to assist in identifying initial equipment and personnel requirements for a digitized SOCCE employing ATCCS. The outcome of the analysis indicates that if assumptions regarding SOF message format compatibility with ATCCS software are met, the SOCCE will be able to operate with two maneuver control systems (MCS), which is the integration component of ATCCS. The analysis also indicates that, in addition to the existing operations center, the SOCCE will require a signal center to link the operations center with other headquarters within the electronic battlefield command and control architecture. Personnel augmentation will be necessary to fully staff the SOCCE operations center S2 (intelligence) and S3 (operations) functions for 24-hour operations. Recommendations are that the equipment and personnel requirements identified by this analysis be verified during field training exercises and by simulation and modeling, a van or vehicular mounted shelter configuration be considered to house a SOCCE, and documentation be initiated to establish requirements for a system acquisition program.
Download or read book Special Warfare written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
