Download or read book Systems Analysis of Safeguards Effectiveness in a Uranium Conversion Facility written by H. Lambert and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is interested in developing tools and methods for potential U.S. use in designing and evaluating safeguards systems. For this goal several DOE National Laboratories are defining the characteristics of typical facilities of several size scales, and the safeguards measures and instrumentation that could be applied. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is providing systems modeling and analysis of facility and safeguards operations, diversion path generation, and safeguards system effectiveness. The constituent elements of diversion scenarios are structured using directed graphs (digraphs) and fault trees. Safeguards indicator probabilities are based on sampling statistics and/or measurement accuracies. Scenarios are ranked based on value and quantity of material removed and the estimated probability of non-detection. Significant scenarios, especially those involving timeliness or randomly varying order of events, are transferred to simulation analysis. Simulations show the range of conditions encountered by the safeguards measurements and inspections, e.g., the quantities of intermediate materials in temporary storage and the time sequencing of material flow. Given a diversion campaign, simulations show how much the range of the same parameters observed by the safeguards system can differ from the base-case range. The combination of digraphs, fault trees, statistics and simulation constitute a method for evaluation of the estimated benefit of alternate or additional safeguards equipment or features. A generic example illustrates the method.
Download or read book Safeguards Systems Analysis written by R. Avenhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adequate verification is the key issue not only in today's arms control, arms limitation, and disarmament regimes, but also in less spectacular areas like auditing in economics or control of environmental pollution. Statistical methodologies and system analytical approaches are the tools developed over the past decades for quantifying those components of adequate verification which are quantifiable, i. e. , numbers, inventories, mass transfers, etc. , together with their uncertainties. In his book Safeguards Systems Analy sis, Professor Rudolf Avenhaus condenses the experience and expertise he has gained over the past 20 years, when his work was mainly related to the development of the IAEA's system for safeguarding nuclear materials, to system analytical studies at IIASA in the field of future energy requirements and their risks, and to the application of statistical techniques to arms control. The result is a unified and up-to-date presentation and analysis of the quantitative aspects of safeguards systems, and the application of the more important findings to practical problems. International Nuclear Material Safeguards, by far the most advanced verification system in the field of arms limitation, is used as the main field of application for the game theoretical analysis, material accountancy theory, and the theory on verification of material accounting data developed in the first four chapters.
Download or read book Safeguards Systems Analysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycles written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Office of Safeguards and Materials Management and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safeguarding the Atom written by David Fischer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safeguards play a key role in verifying the effectiveness of restraints on the spread of nuclear weapons. Originally published in 1985, this book is a study of the safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency, an important element of the non-proliferation regime. It breaks new ground by focusing on the politics of safeguards, especially the political problems of the IAEA and of the day-to-day application of safeguards. It contains a critical appraisal and proposals for ways of improving existing procedures, and of adapting them to the political and technological changes of recent years. Safeguarding the Atom gives an analysis of the following questions: What are IAEA safeguards and how do they work? How effective are they? How can they be reinforced? What sanctions can be imposed in the event of non-compliance? IAEA safeguards represent the world's first and so far only attempt to verify an arms control agreement by systematic on-site inspection, and their applicability to other arms control measures is examined.
Download or read book Special Safeguards Study written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Special Studies and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aggregated Systems Model of Nuclear Safeguards Executive summary written by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation and Safeguards written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards written by Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safeguards systems analysis with applications to nuclear material safeguards and other inspection problems written by Rudolf Avenhaus and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Download or read book A Framework for Nuclear Facility Safeguard Evaluation Using Probabilistic Methods and Expert Elicitation written by Chonlagarn Iamsumang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advancement of the next generation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities, concerns of the effectiveness of nuclear facility safeguards have been increasing due to the inclusion of highly enriched material and reprocessing capability into fuel cycles. Therefore, an extensive and quantitative safeguard evaluation is required in order for the decision makers to have a consistent measure to verify safeguards level of protection, and to effectively improve the current safeguard scheme. The framework presented in this study provides a systematic method for safeguard evaluation of any nuclear facility. Using scenario analysis approach, a diversion scenario consists of target material, target location, diversion technique, set of tactics to help elude the safeguards, and the amount of material diverted per attempt. The success tree methodology and expert elicitation is used to construct logical models and obtain the probabilities of basic events. Then proliferator diversion success probabilities can be derived from the model for all possible scenarios in a given facility. Using Rokkasho reprocessing facility as an example, diversion pathways, uncertainty, sensitivity, and importance measure analyses are shown. Results from the analyses can be used by the safeguarder to gauge the level of protection provided by the current safeguard scheme, and to identify the weak points for improvements. The safeguarder is able to further analyze the effectiveness of the safeguard scheme for different facility designs, and the cost effectiveness analysis will help the safeguarder allocate limited resources for maximum possible protection against a material diversion.
Download or read book Safeguards Systems Analysis Research and Development and the Practice of Safeguards at DOE Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos Safeguards Systems Group personnel interact with Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear materials processing facilities in a number of ways. Among them are training courses, formal technical assistance such as developing information management or data analysis software and informal ad hoc assistance especially in reviewing and commenting on existing facility safeguards technology and procedures. These activities are supported by the DOE Office of Safeguards and Security, DOE Operations Offices, and contractor organizations. Because of the relationships with the Operations Office and facility personnel, the Safeguards Systems Group research and development (R D) staff have developed an understanding of the needs of the entire complex. Improved safeguards are needed in areas such as materials control activities, accountability procedures and techniques, systems analysis and evaluation methods, and material handling procedures. This paper surveys the generic needs for efficient and cost effective enhancements in safeguards technologies and procedures at DOE facilities, identifies areas where existing safeguards R D products are being applied or could be applied, and sets a direction for future systems analysis R D to address practical facility safeguards needs.
Download or read book Aggregated Systems Model of Nuclear Safeguards written by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Safeguards Case Study of the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation Uranium Processing Plant Apollo Pennsylvania U written by Willard Altman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report characterizes the Atomic Energy Commission safeguards requirements and the safeguards systems and procedures in place at the Nuclear Materials and Equipment (NUMEC) uranium processing plant in Apollo, Pennsylvania during the spring of 1964. Based upon this characterization, a list of safeguards weaknesses which would be considered deficiencies under 1979 requirements is developed. Appendixes A and B to the report provide a detailed characterization of AEC safeguards requirements as well as a side by side comparison of NUMEC's safeguards program in 1964 with the safeguards program currently required of a comparable licensed facility. The main report discusses AEC regulatory requirements and philosophy during the mid-1960s, lists the specific areas in which the NUMEC safeguards program would be considered deficient under 1979 NRC requirements, and discusses the conclusions to be drawn from the comparison of the 1964 NUMEC safeguards program with AEC requirements during the mid-1960s and with 1979 NRC requirements. Based upon the deficiencies identified, the report concludes that it is possible that during the mid-1960s significant quantities of high enriched uranium could have been removed from the NUMEC Apollo facility, by a knowledgeable insider or by an outside group with the assistance of an insider, without detection.
Download or read book Advanced Security and Safeguarding in the Nuclear Power Industry written by Victor Nian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Security and Safeguarding in the Nuclear Power Industry: State of the art and future challenges presents an overview of a wide ranging scientific, engineering, policy, regulatory, and legal issues facing the nuclear power industry. Editor Victor Nian and his team of contributors deliver a much needed review of the latest developments in safety, security and safeguards ("Three S's) as well as other related and important subject matters within and beyond the nuclear power industry. This book is particularly insightful to countries with an interest in developing a nuclear power industry as well as countries where education to improve society's opinion on nuclear energy is crucial to its future success. Advanced Security and Safeguarding in the Nuclear Power Industry covers the foundations of nuclear power production as well as the benefits and impacts of radiation to human society, international conventions, treaties, and standards on the "Three S's, emergency preparedness and response, and civil liability in the event of a nuclear accident. - The socio-technical and economic risks of civilian and military applications of atomic energy - Putting into perspective the hazards of radioactive sources and health impacts of exposure to radiation - Prevention and protection against severe nuclear accidents with a much needed update on lessons learnt from "Fukushima - International conventions, treaties, legal frameworks, standards and best practices on "Three S's, emergency preparedness and response, and civil liability - Evolving technological and institutional challenges facing the nuclear power industry in the future
Download or read book Development of Instrumentation for the Measurement and Safeguarding of Uranium in a Natural Uranium Conversion Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for enhanced/integrated safeguards approaches requires an analysis of activities that may be undertaken looking at the nuclear fuel cycle in its entirety. One example is uranium conversion facilities that are necessary to condition nuclear materials for feed to enrichment processes or for use in reactors. Estimates of nuclear source terms (neutron and gamma-ray) have been performed in support of defininig new measurement approaches to support enhanced and integrated safeguards. Source terms were analyzed for nuclear materials in feed and process streams as well as final products. The capability for enhanced safeguards based on neutron and gamma-ray nondestructive assay monitoring from locations throughout the process was evaluated. They have analyzed possible measurement methods, selected neutron totals counting as the most effective method for this application, and designed the experiment that will be fielded to test these calculations. They discuss their evaluations and show the calculations that demonstrate the dynamic range of the neutron totals measurement system.
Download or read book Domestic Safeguards Annual Report to Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
