Download or read book Systematic Identification of Regulators of Cell Cycle Commitment and a Dynamic Transcriptional Network that Communicates Growth Potential to Ribosome Synthesis and Critical Cell Size in Budding Yeast microform written by Paul Conrad Jorgensen and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Size homeostasis requires that proliferating cells co-ordinate their growth and division. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this co-ordination occurs in late G1 phase at the point of commitment to cell division termed Start; traversal through Start requires that cells have grown to a critical cell size. The cell size threshold is flexible and is set higher in rich nutrient conditions and in proportion to ploidy. Despite its importance, Start remains poorly understood, in large part because the cell size phenotype has been refractory to conventional genetics. The recent construction of & sim;6000 yeast strains deleted for every predicted open reading frame allowed me to systematically identify genes whose deletion confers abnormally small or large cell size. These screens identified 40 potential Start regulators, including Whi5, the long postulated but previously unidentified target of Cln3-Cdc28 kinase at Start. The smallest deletion strains carried disruptions in SFP1 or SCH9. SFP1 encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor while SCH9 encodes a protein kinase, but neither gene product had been well characterised. Numerous experiments demonstrated that although Sfp1 and Sch9 are important for cell growth, they are also bona fide Start repressors. Remarkably, both Sfp1 and Sch9 activated the RP and Ribi regulons, two expansive transcriptional programmes whose expression is rate-limiting for ribosome production. This finding meshed nicely with the cell size screens, as my shortlist of potential Start repressors included 15 ribosome biogenesis factors. I elaborated a control network including Sfp1, Sch9, and the transcription factors Rgm1, Fhl1, and Ifh1 at RP promoters. Sfp1 and Sch9 are controlled by nutrient status at the level of nuclear localisation and abundance, respectively, and appear to tailor a cell's ribosome production to its growth potential. Overall, my data argues that the rate of ribosome biogenesis, dictated by nutrients via Sfp1 and Sch9, modulates the critical cell size threshold at Start by a mechanism that is independent of the known upstream regulators Cln3, Bck2, and Whi5. My work has allowed for a more complete molecular characterisation of Start, elucidated a dynamic transcriptional control network for the RP and Ribi regulons, and illuminated connections between ribosome biogenesis and Start.
Download or read book Identification of Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins that Interact with HCF 1 microform written by Piluso, David and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HCF-1, a transcriptional regulatory protein, was originally identified as an accessory factor for the induction of Herpes Simplex Virus immediate-early genes by the viral transactivator VP16. Recently, HCF-1 has emerged as a chromatin-binding transcriptional co-regulator that plays an essential role in cellular proliferation. In order to further characterize the function of HCF-1 and determine the mechanisms by which it contributes to cellular proliferation we have sought to identify novel HCF-1 interaction partners and elucidate their function. In this thesis, we describe the identification of key cell cycle regulatory proteins, Miz-1 and E2F-4, as novel HCF-1 interaction partners. Miz-1, a transcription factor that activates transcription of cell cycle inhibitory genes, is an integral part of the anti-mitogenic TGF-beta pathway and contributes to cell cycle arrest following DNA damage and differentiation signals. HCF-1 associates with the Miz-1 transactivation domain and antagonizes Miz-1-dependent transcriptional activation of p15INK4b, K4b, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, suggesting that HCF-1 can indirectly promote pRB family inactivation, and thus, cellular proliferation. E2F-4, a member of the E2F family of transcription factors that regulate cellular proliferation in conjunction with the retinoblastoma family of proteins, is involved in repression of E2F responsive genes at G0/G1 and consequently, cell cycle arrest or differentiation. Overexpression of E2F-4 suppresses HCF-1-mediated rescue of cellular proliferation, indicating an antagonistic role for these proteins in the cell cycle. Together, these findings contribute to identifying additional HCF-1 interaction partners and may provide insight into the molecular mechanism of HCF-1-mediated cell cycle progression.
Download or read book Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Heinrich Klefenz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-04-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on pharmaceutical biotechnology as a key area of life sciences. The complete range of concepts, processes and technologies of biotechnology is applied in modern industrial pharmaceutical research, development and production. The results of genome sequencing and studies of biological-genetic function are combined with chemical, micro-electronic and microsystem technology to produce medical devices and diagnostic biochips. A multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel structures created with newly arranged gene clusters and bio-catalytic chemical processes. New organisational structures in the co-operation of institutes, companies and networks enable faster knowledge and product development and immediate application of the results of research and process development. This book is the ideal source of information for scientists and engineers in research and development, for decision-makers in biotech, pharma and chemical corporations, as well as for research institutes, but also for founders of biotech companies and people working for venture capital corporations.
Download or read book Inclusions in Prokaryotes written by Jessup M. Shively and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new series "Microbiology Monographs" begins with two volumes on intracellular components in prokaryotes. In this first volume, "Inclusions in Prokaryotes", the components, labeled inclusions, are defined as discrete bodies resulting from synthesis of a metabolic product. Research on the biosynthesis and reutilization of the accumulated materials is still in progress, and interest in the inclusions is growing. This comprehensive volume provides historical background and comprehensive reviews of eight well-known prokaryotic inclusions.
Download or read book The Cereal Rusts Origins specificity structure and physiology written by William Rodgers Bushnell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origins, specificity, structure, and physiology; Evolution at the center of origin; Taxonomy of the cereal rust fungi; Specificity; The formae speciales; Race specificity and methods of study; Genetics of the pathogen: host association; Histology and molecular biology of host: parasite; Virulence frequency dynamics of cereal rust fungi; The rust fungus; Controlled infection by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici under artificial conditions; Developmental ultrastructure of hyphae and spores; Development and physical of teliospores; Obligate parasitism and axenic culture; The host parsite interface; The rusted host; Effects of rust on plant development in relation to the translocation of inorganic and organic solutes.
Download or read book Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics written by Arpad Kelemen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-03 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioinformatics involve the creation and advancement of algorithms using techniques including computational intelligence, applied mathematics and statistics, informatics, and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. This book deals with the application of computational intelligence in bioinformatics. Addressing the various issues of bioinformatics using different computational intelligence approaches is the novelty of this edited volume.
Download or read book The Chloroplast written by Anna Stina Sandelius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloroplasts are vital for life as we know it. At the leaf cell level, it is common knowledge that a chloroplast interacts with its surroundings – but this knowledge is often limited to the benefits of oxygenic photosynthesis and that chloroplasts provide reduced carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. This book presents the intricate interplay between chloroplasts and their immediate and more distant environments. The topic is explored in chapters covering aspects of evolution, the chloroplast/cytoplasm barrier, transport, division, motility and bidirectional signalling. Taken together, the contributed chapters provide an exciting insight into the complexity of how chloroplast functions are related to cellular and plant-level functions. The recent rapid advances in the presented research areas, largely made possible by the development of molecular techniques and genetic screens of an increasing number of plant model systems, make this interaction a topical issue.
Download or read book Probiotics written by Min-Tze Liong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probiotic microorganisms have a long history of use, and their health benefits for hosts are well documented. This Microbiology Monographs volume provides an overview of the current knowledge and applications of probiotics. Reviews cover the biology and probiotic potential of the thoroughly studied prokaryotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, several eukaryotic microorganisms, probiotic strain characterization, and the analytical methods (such as FISH, microarray, and high throughput sequencing) required for their study. Further chapters describe the positive effects of probiotics on malabsorption disorders such as diarrhea and lactose intolerance, and document the clinical evidence of benefits in treating allergies and lung emphysema, and in dermatological applications. Also addresses are topics such as genetically engineered strains, new carriers for probiotics, protection techniques, challenges of health claims, safety aspects, and future market trends.
Download or read book Cell Biology of the Axon written by Edward Koenig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed striking advances in research on axons at a cellular level that substantially impact our current understanding of axonal biology. Newer findings and their ramifications are critically reviewed in the 16 chapters of this volume by authors highly qualified by virtue of their scientific contributions to research areas they know and write about. Five basic areas (I to V) germane to axonal biology are highlighted, beginning with (I) signaling interactions mediating myelination, and differentiation of axonal membrane domains; (IIa) issues surrounding organization and transport dynamics of neurofilaments in axons, (IIb) mechanisms regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, misregulation of which causes axonal degeneration, and (IIc) the roles actin binding proteins play in regulating organization and functions of the actin filament system in mature and growing axons; (IIIa) myosin motor proteins and cargoes intrinsic to the axon compartment, (IIIb) mitochondrial transport motors, and imperatives governing transport dynamics and directional delivery, (IIIc) mechanisms mediating retrograde signaling associated with NGF’s role in trophic-dependent neuronal survival, and (IIId) potential for impaired subcellular targeting of a -synuclein as a mechanism for accumulation of Lewy body inclusions in synucleinopathies; (IVa) occurrence and organization of discrete ribosome-containing domains in axons, (IVb) endogenous mRNAs, classes of proteins translated locally, and RNP trafficking in axons, (IVc) importance of locally synthesized nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins for maintenance, function and survival of axons, (IVd) occurrence of RNA trafficking from glial cells to axons, and significance glial RNA transcripts may play in expression in axons and axon terminals, (IVe) RNA trafficking and localization of RNA transcripts in axonal growth cones, and signaling pathways that modulate local protein synthesis for directional elongation, and (IVf) genetic and molecular defects underlying spinal muscular atrophy, and roles that SMN gene product plays as a molecular chaperone in mRNA transport and translation; (Va) injury-induced local synthesis of a protein forming a retrograde signaling complex in axons to stimulate regeneration, and (Vb) endogenous and exogenous factors that condition axonal regenerative capacity in PNS and CNS, including injury-induced activation of specific genes governing regeneration. Emergent complexities revealed in this volume compel a major revision in the traditional conceptual model of the axon’s intrinsic makeup and capacities.
Download or read book Plant Relationships written by Holger B. Deising and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of "The Mycota Vol. V – Plant Relationships" in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. Highlighting the recent developments in fungus-plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.
Download or read book Dorland s Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations written by Dorland and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical acronyms and abbreviations offer convenience, but those countless shortcuts can often be confusing. Now a part of the popular Dorland's suite of products, this reference features thousands of terms from across various medical specialties. Its alphabetical arrangement makes for quick reference, and expanded coverage of symbols ensures they are easier to find. Effective communication plays an important role in all medical settings, so turn to this trusted volume for nearly any medical abbreviation you might encounter. - Symbols section makes it easier to locate unusual or seldom-used symbols. - Convenient alphabetical format allows you to find the entry you need more intuitively. - More than 90,000 entries and definitions. - Many new and updated entries including terminology in expanding specialties, such as Nursing; Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies; Transcription and Coding; Computer and Technical Fields. - New section on abbreviations to avoid, including Joint Commission abbreviations that are not to be used. - Incorporates updates suggested by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).
Download or read book Organelle Genetics written by Charles E. Bullerwell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are eukaryotic organelles that evolved from bacterial ancestors and harbor their own genomes. The gene products of these genomes work in concert with those of the nuclear genome to ensure proper organelle metabolism and biogenesis. This book explores the forces that have shaped the evolution of organelle genomes and the expression of the genes encoded by them. Some striking examples of trends in organelle evolution explored here are the reduction in genome size and gene coding content observed in most lineages, the complete loss of organelle DNA in certain lineages, and the unusual modes of gene expression that have emerged, such as the extensive and essential mRNA editing that occurs in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. This book places particular emphasis on the current techniques used to study the evolution of organelle genomes and gene expression.
Download or read book The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum written by David G. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), called "the mother of all membranes," is spotlighted in this timely new book. The work presented here is especially exciting since GFP-technology has provided new ways of looking at the dynamics of the ER and its relationship to other organelles, particularly the Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes. This book provides in-depth knowledge of the ER and the diverse roles it plays.
Download or read book Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations written by Stanley Jablonski and published by Hanley & Belfus. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary lists acronyms and abbreviations occurring with a reasonable frequency in the literature of medicine and the health care professions. Abbreviations and acronyms are given in capital letters, with no punctuation, and with concise definitions. The beginning sections also include symbols, genetic symbols, and the Greek alphabet and symbols.
Download or read book Life As a Matter of Fat written by Ole G. Mouritsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a multi-disciplinary perspective on the physics of life and the particular role played by lipids and the lipid-bilayer component of cell membranes. Emphasizes the physical properties of lipid membranes seen as soft and molecularly structured interfaces. By combining and synthesizing insights obtained from a variety of recent studies, an attempt is made to clarify what membrane structure is and how it can be quantitatively described. Shows how biological function mediated by membranes is controlled by lipid membrane structure and organization on length scales ranging from the size of the individual molecule, across molecular assemblies of proteins and lipid domains in the range of nanometers, to the size of whole cells. Applications of lipids in nano-technology and biomedicine are also described.
Download or read book Man Machine Interactions 3 written by Dr. Aleksandra Gruca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man-Machine Interaction is an interdisciplinary field of research that covers many aspects of science focused on a human and machine in conjunction. Basic goal of the study is to improve and invent new ways of communication between users and computers, and many different subjects are involved to reach the long-term research objective of an intuitive, natural and multimodal way of interaction with machines. The rapid evolution of the methods by which humans interact with computers is observed nowadays and new approaches allow using computing technologies to support people on the daily basis, making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. This monograph is the third edition in the series and presents important ideas, current trends and innovations in the man-machine interactions area. The aim of this book is to introduce not only hardware and software interfacing concepts, but also to give insights into the related theoretical background. Reader is provided with a compilation of high-quality original papers covering a wide scope of research topics divided into eleven sections, namely: human-computer interactions, robot control, embedded and navigation systems, bio data analysis and mining, biomedical signal processing, image and sound processing, decision support and expert systems, rough and fuzzy systems, pattern recognition, algorithms and optimization, computer networks and mobile technologies and data management systems.
Download or read book Knowledge Seeker Ontology Modelling for Information Search and Management written by Edward H. Y. Lim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-31 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Knowledge Seeker is a useful system to develop various intelligent applications such as ontology-based search engine, ontology-based text classification system, ontological agent system, and semantic web system etc. The Knowledge Seeker contains four different ontological components. First, it defines the knowledge representation model ¡V Ontology Graph. Second, an ontology learning process that based on chi-square statistics is proposed for automatic learning an Ontology Graph from texts for different domains. Third, it defines an ontology generation method that transforms the learning outcome to the Ontology Graph format for machine processing and also can be visualized for human validation. Fourth, it defines different ontological operations (such as similarity measurement and text classification) that can be carried out with the use of generated Ontology Graphs. The final goal of the KnowledgeSeeker system framework is that it can improve the traditional information system with higher efficiency. In particular, it can increase the accuracy of a text classification system, and also enhance the search intelligence in a search engine. This can be done by enhancing the system with machine processable ontology.
