Download or read book Systematic and Statistical Uncertainties in Cosmic Ray Arrival Direction Reconstruction written by Philip Wahrlich and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) was constructed to study the highest energy cosmic rays (UHECR). A hybrid of ground array and fluorescence detector, it is the largest ultra-high energy cosmic ray detector to date. As such, the PAO detects UHECR in unprecedented amounts, offering unique insights into the nature and origin of these most extraordinarily energetic particles in the universe. In this thesis we improve the accuracy of arrival direction uncertainty estimates for reconstructed events. We validate these improved uncertainty estimators through a number of statistical techniques, involving both recorded and simulated data. Furthermore, we identify and correct a number of systematic errors which arise in algorithmic corner cases. We propose novel techniques for measuring the time synchronisation of each detector in the using recorded air shower data. We use these techniques to measure the synchronisation of each detector across the PAO surface detector and fluorescence detector. Finally, we perform a cursory search for a point source of UHECR at the Galactic centre. A slight over-density of events is measured from the direction of the Galactic centre, however this over-density is not substantial enough to indicate a departure from isotropy." -- page 12.
Download or read book The Effect of the Geomagnetic Field on Cosmic Ray Energy Estimates and Large Scale Anisotropy Searches on Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a comprehensive study of the influence of the geomagnetic field on the energy estimation of extensive air showers with a zenith angle smaller than 60{sup o}, detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The geomagnetic field induces an azimuthal modulation of the estimated energy of cosmic rays up to the ≈ 2% level at large zenith angles. We present a method to account for this modulation of the reconstructed energy. We analyse the effect of the modulation on large scale anisotropy searches in the arrival direction distributions of cosmic rays. At a given energy, the geomagnetic effect is shown to induce a pseudo-dipolar pattern at the percent level in the declination distribution that needs to be accounted for. In this work, we have identified and quantified a systematic uncertainty affecting the energy determination of cosmic rays detected by the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This systematic uncertainty, induced by the influence of the geomagnetic field on the shower development, has a strength which depends on both the zenith and the azimuthal angles. Consequently, we have shown that it induces distortions of the estimated cosmic ray event rate at a given energy at the percent level in both the azimuthal and the declination distributions, the latter of which mimics an almost dipolar pattern. We have also shown that the induced distortions are already at the level of the statistical uncertainties for a number of events N ≃ 32 000 (we note that the full Auger surface detector array collects about 6500 events per year with energies above 3 EeV). Accounting for these effects is thus essential with regard to the correct interpretation of large scale anisotropy measurements taking explicitly profit from the declination distribution.
Download or read book Systematic Studies of Cosmic ray Anisotropy and Energy Spectrum with IceCube and IceTop written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anisotropy in the cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution has been well documented over a large energy range, but its origin remains largely a mystery. In the TeV to PeV energy range, the galactic magnetic field thoroughly scatters cosmic rays, but anisotropy at the part-per-mille level and smaller persists, potentially carrying information about nearby cosmic-ray accelerators and the galactic magnetic field. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory was the first detector to observe anisotropy at these energies in the Southern sky. This work uses 318 billion cosmic-ray induced muon events, collected between May 2009 and May 2015 from both the in-ice component of IceCube as well as the surface component, IceTop. The observed global anisotropy features large regions of relative excess and deficit, with amplitudes on the order of $10^{-3}$. While a decomposition of the arrival direction distribution into spherical harmonics shows that most of the power is contained in the low-multipole ($\ell \leq 4$) moments, higher-multipole components are found to be statistically significant down to an angular scale of less than $10^{\circ}$, approaching the angular resolution of the detector. Above 100\,TeV, a change in the topology of the arrival direction distribution is observed, and the anisotropy is characterized by a wide relative deficit whose amplitude increases with primary energy up to at least 5\,PeV, the highest energies currently accessible to IceCube with sufficient event statistics. No time dependence of the large- and small-scale structures is observed in the six-year period covered by this analysis within statistical and systematic uncertainties. Analysis of the energy spectrum and composition in the PeV energy range as a function of sky position is performed with IceTop data over a five-year period using a likelihood-based reconstruction. Both the energy spectrum and the composition distribution are found to be consistent with a single source population over declination bands. This work represents an early attempt at understanding the anisotropy through the study of the spectrum and composition. The high-statistics data set reveals more details on the properties of the anisotropy, potentially able to shed light on the various physical processes responsible for the complex angular structure and energy evolution.
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Download or read book Search for Patterns by Combining Cosmic ray Energy and Arrival Directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with $E \ge 6 \times 10^$ eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above $E \ge 5 \times 10^$ eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15$^{\circ }$ . We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources.
Download or read book Timing Calibration and Synchronization of Surface and Fluorescence Detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by F. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstruction of cosmic ray arrival directions for Surface Detectors (SD) and Fluorescence Detectors (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory requires accurate timing (25 nanoseconds or better) between measurements at individual detectors and instrument triggers. Timing systems for both SD and FD are based on Motorola Oncore UT+ GPS receivers installed into custom-built time-tagging circuits that are calibrated in the laboratory to a statistical precision of better than 15 ns. We describe timing calibration and synchronization methods applied in the field for both the SD and the FD systems in four areas: (1) checks of timing offsets within the SD using co-located station pairs and timing residuals on reconstructed showers, (2) calibration within the FD using a custom-build LED calibration system, (3) calibration between SD and FD using laser signals fed simultaneously into an SD station and across the FD via the Central Laser Facility (CLF), and (4) studies of synchronization between FD and SD through the analysis of events detected by both systems, called hybrid events. These hybrid events allow for a much more accurate reconstruction of the shower and for relatively tight constraints on timing calibration offsets. We demonstrate that statistical and systematic timing uncertainties have no significant impact on the event reconstruction.
Download or read book Large Area Networked Detectors For Particle Astrophysics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The universe is pervaded by particles with extreme energies, millions of times greater than we can produce on Earth. They have been a mystery for over a century. Now, current and future experiments in particle astrophysics are leading us to answers to the most fundamental questions about them. How does nature accelerate the highest energy particles in the universe? Do new interactions between them occur at such extreme energies? Are there unknown aspects of spacetime that can be uncovered by studying these particles?This book brings together three fields within 'extreme astronomy': ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics, neutrino astronomy, and gamma-ray astronomy, and discusses how each can help answer these questions. Each field is presented with a theoretical introduction that clearly elucidates the key questions scientists face. This is followed by chapters that discuss the current set of experiments — how they work and their discoveries. Finally, new techniques and approaches are discussed to solve the mysteries uncovered by the current experiments.
Download or read book Calorimetry In Particle Physics Proceedings Of The Eleventh International Conference written by Claudia Cecchi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-02-21 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics is the major and most comprehensive forum for discussion on state-of-the-art developments of calorimetry technologies. The Eleventh Conference covered all aspects of calorimetric detection and measurements, with emphasis on high energy physics and astrophysics experiments. Besides the usual discussion on calorimetry technologies this edition is enriched by the presence of two sections dedicated to new techniques for calorimetry and applications to calorimetry for the next Linear Collider experiments.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Astrophysics at Ultra High Energies written by Maurice Mandel Shapiro and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces young researchers to the exciting field of ultra-high energy astrophysics including charged particles, gamma rays and neutrinos. At ultra-high energy the radiation is produced by interactions of cosmic ray particles accelerated in explosive events such as supernovae or hypernovae, black holes or, possibly, the big bang. Through direct contact with senior scientists, now actively planning the next generation of experiments/models, the excitement and motivation for research at ultra-high energy was conveyed. The underpinning of these fields is a synthesis of knowledge and techniques from nuclear and particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Informing the participants of this background, how it was derived, and the new challenges for the future are the major goal. Further, the course has helped to foster new astrophysical research and promoted contacts, which have resulted in new collaborations. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Gamma-Ray Burst: Discoveries With Swift (352 KB). Contents: Powerful Astrophysical Sources: Gamma Ray Bursts: Discoveries with Swift (A Wells); Gamma Ray Burst Phenomenology in the Swift Era (P M(r)sziros); The Nature of Dark Matter (P L Biermann & F Munyaneza); Cosmic Rays: Particle Acceleration and Propagation in the Galaxy (V S Ptuskin); GRB as Sources of Ultra-High Energy Particles (P M(r)sziros); The KASCADE-Grande Experiment (F Cossavela et al.); Gamma Ray and Neutrino Astronomy: Study of Galactic Gamma Ray Sources with Milagro (J Goodman); The GLAST Mission and Observability of Supernovae Remnants (O Tibolla); First Results from AMANDA using TWR System (A Silvestri); and other papers. Readership: Academics in astrophysics, high energy, cosmology and earth science."
Download or read book Lepton And Photon Interactions At High Energies Proceedings Of The Xxii International Symposium written by Richard Brenner and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lepton-Photon symposiums — as represented by the contributions in this volume — are among the most popular conferences in high energy physics since they give an in-depth snapshots of the status of the field as provided by leading experts.The volume covers the latest results on flavor factories, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), electroweak physics, dark matter searches, neutrino physics and cosmology, from a phenomenological point of view. It also offers a glimpse of the immediate future of the field through summaries on the status of the next generation of high energy accelerators and planned facilities for astroparticle physics.The review nature of the articles makes the volume particularly useful to students, as well as being of interest to established researches in high-energy physics and related fields.
Download or read book Very high energy Gamma ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs written by Rubén López Coto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a comprehensive work that addresses many of the open questions currently being discusssed in the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray community. It presents a detailed description of the MAGIC telescope together with a glimpse of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). One section is devoted to the design, development and characterization of trigger systems for current and future imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The book also features a state-of-the-art description of pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems, the study of the multi-TeV spectrum of the Crab nebula, as well as the discovery of VHE gamma rays at the multiwavelength PWN 3C 58, which were sought at these wavelengths for more than twenty years. It also includes the contextualization of this discovery amongst the current population of VHE gamma-ray PWNe. Cataclysmic variable stars represent a new source of gamma ray energies, and are also addressed here. In closing, the thesis reports on the systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emissions of AE Aquarii in a multiwavelength context and the search for VHE gamma-ray variability of novae during outbursts at different wavelengths.
Download or read book 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8 written by M S Potgieter and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-06-17 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference marked the golden jubilee of this series of conferences. Held under the auspices of the IUPAP Commission C4, it was hosted by the Space Research Unit of the Department of Physics of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education.The proceedings present the newest developments and highlights of cosmic ray production and propagation, the extragalactic realm now being explored using neutrino and gamma ray astronomy. These fields are strongly related to high energy physics.
Download or read book Theory Meets Experiment Proceedings Of The Johns Hopkins Workshop On Current Problems In Particle Theory 18 written by Roberto Casalbuoni and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-06-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The workshop collected together theoreticians and experimentalists for a discussion about the most recent experiments and their impact on theoretical ideas. The discussion included the new data from LEP and SLD, the evidence for the top quark from Tevatron, the structure function measurements from HERA, and the searches for dark matter. Also, new projects for physics with large neutrino detectors and CP violation at e+e- factories were presented, and a survey of high energy astroparticle physics was included. Particular attention was paid to the interplay between microscopical and cosmological scales.
Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Download or read book 50 Years of Cosmic Ray Research in Tasmania written by Marc Duldig and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Attempt to Verify a Reported Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays written by Frank Lee Galeener and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
