Download or read book System Level Design Techniques for Energy Efficient Embedded Systems written by Marcus T. Schmitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System-Level Design Techniques for Energy-Efficient Embedded Systems addresses the development and validation of co-synthesis techniques that allow an effective design of embedded systems with low energy dissipation. The book provides an overview of a system-level co-design flow, illustrating through examples how system performance is influenced at various steps of the flow including allocation, mapping, and scheduling. The book places special emphasis upon system-level co-synthesis techniques for architectures that contain voltage scalable processors, which can dynamically trade off between computational performance and power consumption. Throughout the book, the introduced co-synthesis techniques, which target both single-mode systems and emerging multi-mode applications, are applied to numerous benchmarks and real-life examples including a realistic smart phone.

Download or read book System Level Design Techniques for Energy Efficient Embedded Systems written by Marcus T. Schmitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System-Level Design Techniques for Energy-Efficient Embedded Systems addresses the development and validation of co-synthesis techniques that allow an effective design of embedded systems with low energy dissipation. The book provides an overview of a system-level co-design flow, illustrating through examples how system performance is influenced at various steps of the flow including allocation, mapping, and scheduling. The book places special emphasis upon system-level co-synthesis techniques for architectures that contain voltage scalable processors, which can dynamically trade off between computational performance and power consumption. Throughout the book, the introduced co-synthesis techniques, which target both single-mode systems and emerging multi-mode applications, are applied to numerous benchmarks and real-life examples including a realistic smart phone.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Embedded System Design written by Wenjie Huang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pursuit of energy-efficient design in embedded systems has long become a critical issue. With improved energy effciency, the systems can incorporate more functionality and support better performances. Conventional design techniques innovate in hierarchical design levels from system, algorithm, architecture, to circuit. However, with the slowing of Moore's effect, efforts other than the circuit-level design are becoming more promising for the emerging applications. In this work, we investigate the core signal processing units in wireless communication systems and introduce a suite of new techniques from algorithm to architecture levels to improve energy effciency. First, we develop a comprehensive message truncation scheme to mitigate the decoding complexity of non-binary LDPC decoders. The dynamic channel state is exploited in the initialization stage to reduce message length. We then further prune the messages employing the inter-iteration decoding state of the core computational unit. The arithmetical logic and memory usage could be substantially decreased and therefore reduces the decoder power with the shorter messages. We also propose an adaptive offset correction mechanism to minimize the possible performance loss due to message truncation. And we develop a novel decoder architecture to accommodate the proposed algorithm designs. Second, we introduce a new non-binary LDPC decoder architecture with a low-power memory unit. As non-binary LDPC decoding is memory intensive and more than half of the power is consumed by memory access, the decoder power decreases significantly with the reduced memory power. Although over-scaling in memory power may introduce soft errors, LDPC codes could correct them with the error-resilience as channel codes. To find the extent to scale memory power, we train the decoder with the performance constraint under given channel states before the exploitations. Finally, we investigate the optimal sequential control policy for the signal tracking of GNSS receivers powered by renewable energy. With the proposed greedy and reinforcement learning algorithm, the receiver could opportunistically utilize the harvested energy by jointly considering the signal-noise ratio of the received signal and the available energy level. Different than conventional efforts, we could significantly maximize both energy efficiency and system service time with the desired positioning performances.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Fault Tolerant Systems written by Jimson Mathew and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state-of-the-art in energy efficient, fault-tolerant embedded systems. It covers the entire product lifecycle of electronic systems design, analysis and testing and includes discussion of both circuit and system-level approaches. Readers will be enabled to meet the conflicting design objectives of energy efficiency and fault-tolerance for reliability, given the up-to-date techniques presented.

Download or read book Design of Energy Efficient Embedded Systems Exploiting Domain specific Information written by Junlin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving the energy efficiency has been the critical design goal for embedded systems. Recently, there have been some practical techniques employed to the power supply of embedded systems to extend the system's lifetime. One is renewable energy technologies such as energy harvesting from the environment to offer a sustainable, inexpensive, and maintenance-free alternative power source. Another is voltage overscaling (VOS) technique, which scales down the supply voltage to reduce the power consumption quadratically. However, most renewable energy sources are unstable and intermittent due to dynamically changing environmental conditions, and VOS inevitably incurs hardware errors, thereby posing new challenges to the improvements of energy efficiency in the embedded systems. In this dissertation, we identify four specific power-hungry signal processing units and develop a suite of techniques to improve the energy efficiency of embedded systems, by jointly exploiting the properties of the power source and the domain-specific information in the signal processing of embedded systems. First, we propose to dynamically adjust the modulation scheme to deal with time-varying wireless channel conditions and non-deterministic renewable energy levels in a coherent manner to maximize the data rate of RF circuits of the embedded systems. Then, we develop a progressive performance tuning approach to dynamically determine an acceptable signal processing performance in accordance with the changing energy level at runtime, by considering both of the non-deterministic characteristics of renewable energy and the unique relationship between signal processing performance and the required energy consumption. We also develop a link and energy adaptive UWB-based sensing technique to improve the detection time coverage and range coverage for self-sustained embedded applications. The proposed technique jointly exploits the link information between the transmitter and receiver of the UWB pulse radar, and the non-deterministic characteristics of the renewable energy, and dynamically adjusts the pulse repetition frequency of the UWB radar to enhance the sustainable operation under the unreliable energy supply. Finally, we present a low-power LDPC decoder design by exploiting inherent memory error statistics due to voltage scaling. After analyzing the error sensitivity to the decoding performance at different memory bits and memory locations in the LDPC decoder, we apply the scaled supply voltage to memory bits with high algorithmic error-tolerance capability to reduce the memory power consumption with minimal decoding performance loss.

Download or read book Design Techniques for Energy efficient Embedded and Mobile Computing Systems written by Keith S. Vallerio and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Designing Embedded Processors written by Jörg Henkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To the hard-pressed systems designer this book will come as a godsend. It is a hands-on guide to the many ways in which processor-based systems are designed to allow low power devices. Covering a huge range of topics, and co-authored by some of the field’s top practitioners, the book provides a good starting point for engineers in the area, and to research students embarking upon work on embedded systems and architectures.

Download or read book System Level Design of GPU Based Embedded Systems written by Arian Maghazeh and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern embedded systems deploy several hardware accelerators, in a heterogeneous manner, to deliver high-performance computing. Among such devices, graphics processing units (GPUs) have earned a prominent position by virtue of their immense computing power. However, a system design that relies on sheer throughput of GPUs is often incapable of satisfying the strict power- and time-related constraints faced by the embedded systems. This thesis presents several system-level software techniques to optimize the design of GPU-based embedded systems under various graphics and non-graphics applications. As compared to the conventional application-level optimizations, the system-wide view of our proposed techniques brings about several advantages: First, it allows for fully incorporating the limitations and requirements of the various system parts in the design process. Second, it can unveil optimization opportunities through exposing the information flow between the processing components. Third, the techniques are generally applicable to a wide range of applications with similar characteristics. In addition, multiple system-level techniques can be combined together or with application-level techniques to further improve the performance. We begin by studying some of the unique attributes of GPU-based embedded systems and discussing several factors that distinguish the design of these systems from that of the conventional high-end GPU-based systems. We then proceed to develop two techniques that address an important challenge in the design of GPU-based embedded systems from different perspectives. The challenge arises from the fact that GPUs require a large amount of workload to be present at runtime in order to deliver a high throughput. However, for some embedded applications, collecting large batches of input data requires an unacceptable waiting time, prompting a trade-off between throughput and latency. We also develop an optimization technique for GPU-based applications to address the memory bottleneck issue by utilizing the GPU L2 cache to shorten data access time. Moreover, in the area of graphics applications, and in particular with a focus on mobile games, we propose a power management scheme to reduce the GPU power consumption by dynamically adjusting the display resolution, while considering the user's visual perception at various resolutions. We also discuss the collective impact of the proposed techniques in tackling the design challenges of emerging complex systems. The proposed techniques are assessed by real-life experimentations on GPU-based hardware platforms, which demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.

Download or read book Embedded System Design written by Peter Marwedel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique feature of this textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This third edition has been updated and revised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things, the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.

Download or read book Embedded System Design written by Peter Marwedel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the late 1980s, information processing was associated with large mainframe computers and huge tape drives. During the 1990s, this trend shifted toward information processing with personal computers, or PCs. The trend toward miniaturization continues and in the future the majority of information processing systems will be small mobile computers, many of which will be embedded into larger products and interfaced to the physical environment. Hence, these kinds of systems are called embedded systems. Embedded systems together with their physical environment are called cyber-physical systems. Examples include systems such as transportation and fabrication equipment. It is expected that the total market volume of embedded systems will be significantly larger than that of traditional information processing systems such as PCs and mainframes. Embedded systems share a number of common characteristics. For example, they must be dependable, efficient, meet real-time constraints and require customized user interfaces (instead of generic keyboard and mouse interfaces). Therefore, it makes sense to consider common principles of embedded system design. Embedded System Design starts with an introduction into the area and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, like real-time operating systems. The book also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems. Furthermore, the book presents an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms. Due to the importance of resource efficiency, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques for embedded systems, including special compilation techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. Embedded System Design can be used as a text book for courses on embedded systems and as a source which provides pointers to relevant material in the area for PhD students and teachers. It assumes a basic knowledge of information processing hardware and software. Courseware related to this book is available at http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de/~marwedel.

Download or read book Sustainable ICTs and Management Systems for Green Computing written by Hu, Wen-Chen and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book focuses on information technology using sustainable green computing to reduce energy and resources used"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book System level Energy Efficiency of Intricate Embedded Systems Through Hardware assisted Runtime Techniques written by Ebrahim Haririan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design Principles for Embedded Systems written by KCS Murti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is designed to serve as a textbook for courses offered to graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in electronics and electrical engineering and computer science. This book attempts to bridge the gap between electronics and computer science students, providing complementary knowledge that is essential for designing an embedded system. The book covers key concepts tailored for embedded system design in one place. The topics covered in this book are models and architectures, Executable Specific Languages – SystemC, Unified Modeling Language, real-time systems, real-time operating systems, networked embedded systems, Embedded Processor architectures, and platforms that are secured and energy-efficient. A major segment of embedded systems needs hard real-time requirements. This textbook includes real-time concepts including algorithms and real-time operating system standards like POSIX threads. Embedded systems are mostly distributed and networked for deterministic responses. The book covers how to design networked embedded systems with appropriate protocols for real-time requirements. Each chapter contains 2-3 solved case studies and 10 real-world problems as exercises to provide detailed coverage and essential pedagogical tools that make this an ideal textbook for students enrolled in electrical and electronics engineering and computer science programs.

Download or read book Memory Design Techniques for Low Energy Embedded Systems written by Alberto Macii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory Design Techniques for Low Energy Embedded Systems centers one of the most outstanding problems in chip design for embedded application. It guides the reader through different memory organizations and technologies and it reviews the most successful strategies for optimizing them in the power and performance plane.

Download or read book Advances in Parallel Distributed Computing written by Dhinaharan Nagamalai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Parallel, Distributed Computing Technologies and Applications, PDCTA 2011, held in Tirunelveli, India, in September 2011. The 64 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over 400 submissions. Providing an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of parallel, distributed computing the papers address all current issues in this field with special focus on algorithms and applications, computer networks, cyber trust and security, wireless networks, as well as mobile computing and bioinformatics.

Download or read book Design Technology for Heterogeneous Embedded Systems written by Gabriela Nicolescu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design technology to address the new and vast problem of heterogeneous embedded systems design while remaining compatible with standard “More Moore” flows, i.e. capable of simultaneously handling both silicon complexity and system complexity, represents one of the most important challenges facing the semiconductor industry today and will be for several years to come. While the micro-electronics industry, over the years and with its spectacular and unique evolution, has built its own specific design methods to focus mainly on the management of complexity through the establishment of abstraction levels, the emergence of device heterogeneity requires new approaches enabling the satisfactory design of physically heterogeneous embedded systems for the widespread deployment of such systems. Heterogeneous Embedded Systems, compiled largely from a set of contributions from participants of past editions of the Winter School on Heterogeneous Embedded Systems Design Technology (FETCH), proposes a necessarily broad and holistic overview of design techniques used to tackle the various facets of heterogeneity in terms of technology and opportunities at the physical level, signal representations and different abstraction levels, architectures and components based on hardware and software, in all the main phases of design (modeling, validation with multiple models of computation, synthesis and optimization). It concentrates on the specific issues at the interfaces, and is divided into two main parts. The first part examines mainly theoretical issues and focuses on the modeling, validation and design techniques themselves. The second part illustrates the use of these methods in various design contexts at the forefront of new technology and architectural developments.

Download or read book Towards Energy effcient Real time Computing in Embedded Systems written by Ashraf Suyyagh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern embedded real-time systems are increasingly interconnected with a multitude of sensory devices, other embedded systems, and the cloud. The adoption of high-end embedded single core processors and multiprocessors emanates from complex application processing requirements. Timeliness, safety, and deterministic systems are long-standing design and operational requirements of embedded systems. Recently, mobility, energy-efficiency, and heat dissipation are equally crucial design requirements in applications including autonomous mobile robots, wearable devices, and sensor networks. High-end embedded processors employ energy-reduction techniques like Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Dynamic Power Management (DPM). An effective energy-management strategy simultaneously exploits hardware- and software-level energy-reduction techniques.Initially, this thesis addresses the issue of energy-reduction on DVFS-capable single core systems with peripheral devices. We consider a system-wide minimization problem where we concurrently consider DVFS and DPM. Given that the frequency to task assignment is an NP-hard problem, we appropriate and adapt two metaheuristics in our approach to frequency assignment; namely the differential evolution and genetic algorithms. We analyze the performance of the metaheuristics given various initial conditions and show in our simulations that our approach yields better results than two well-known heuristics.Further, even though discrete-time simulators are sufficient for analyzing real-time schedule feasibility, they fall short when evaluating energy-efficient scheduling. This is due to incorrect processor modeling (i.e. due to IP rights, complex processor designs) and the inability to capture realistic task behavior. The literature often presents case studies on real hardware to corroborate simulations. However, these approaches are often ambiguous. We propose a methodology that facilitates evaluating real-time systems on real hardware using available embedded benchmarks as system tasks at various system load points. Similar to software simulations, our methodology tackles the issue of examining the system at different utilization points. We build on previous work that estimates task WCET, generates task periods, and assigns task utilizations. The three parameters are interlocked, which limits the flexibility of changing one without affecting the others. We propose a set of efficient algorithms that pair tasks with bounded or discrete periods to meet the total system utilization with minimal relative errors.Finally, we address the issue of energy-efficient scheduling on clustered heterogeneous platforms. We focus on energy-efficient partitioning where task allocation to heterogeneous clusters directly impacts the total system energy. In this thesis, we couple the problem of energy-efficient partitioning on single-ISA heterogeneous platforms with task-aware scheduling. Tasks differ in their instruction mix, cache behavior, memory and I/O access, execution path, and active processing and SoC circuitry. This affects their power demand. We make further use of underlying frequency scaling hardware and sleep states to minimize the system energy. We propose two variants of our Task and Cluster Heterogeneity Aware Partitioning (TCHAP) algorithm targeting ARM big.LITTLE platforms. Based on our methodology for simulation on real hardware, we show that our algorithms achieve between 13% to 23% energy-reduction on average compared to a state-of-the-art schemes." --