Download or read book System Dynamics Modeling of Chinese Urban Housing Markets for Pedagogical and Policy Analysis Purposes written by Xin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reports on the current state of a project to develop a system dynamics (SD) model for urban housing markets in China, aimed at facilitating policy analysis and supporting practical educational tools that might reach large numbers of potential entrepreneurs in China. Although numerous academic papers have applied SD models to real estate markets over the past generation, the technique remains relatively unknown and little used both in the academic economics literature and, more to the point, among practitioners and educators in the real estate community. Yet SD has the potential to address key needs among these constituencies, and extend and complement upon traditional economic methods. SD models are focused on modeling market transitions toward long-run equilibria, facilitating the study of the details of causality and the dynamic path of the market and features that are prominent in the history of housing markets in emerging markets. Different from intensive data-driven economic models, SD models are structural-based operational models that can more easily accommodate the actual non-market features and unique institutional components of these emerging real estate markets, where long-range historical data are not readily available. SD can provide intuitive and transparent model structures that should be able to improve pedagogy for educating large numbers of potential real estate entrepreneurs particularly in emerging market countries. For demonstration, in the present paper we choose to focus on the China-specific features of 'speculative demand' and 'land financing scheme', and use the newly developed SD model to explore the effects of land supply, "command-and-control" versus "market-driven" policies for housing in China. It is important to note, however, that while we chose China for the purposes of our study, the same technique can be applied to any emerging real estate market. Moreover, our research here can e seen as a stepping stone; Before a generalized SD model for emerging markets can be developed, it is both reasonable and appropriate to construct a model that is constrained to a manageable subset of the overall market space.

Download or read book Potential Housing Bubble with Chinese Characteristics written by Xin Zhang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis analyzes the potential housing bubble in the Chinese urban housing market. Using an operational model built on system dynamics (SD), it explores the unique housing market structures, information flows, key agents and their decision-making processes, and the system constraints that may contribute to the bubble forming phenomenon. Its SD models differ from intensive data-driven economic models. They are structural, operational, and focus on causal relationships. They can more easily accommodate non-market features and unique institutional components, where long-range historical data are not readily available. As the Chinese government heavily controls its housing markets, housing prices greatly depend on political decisions. The models incorporate the incentives and decisions of key agents in the market and have predictive power through simulation and scenario analysis. They can thus help decision-makers transform decisions, actively manage risks and opportunities, timely design and implement policies, and consequently change the system from within. This thesis specifically discusses three Chinese-specific features: 1. Rising housing price and the cap rate change; 2. High vacancy rates caused by speculators purchasing multiple housing units as money-storage investments they are unwilling to rent; 3. Land financing schemes where local governments rely on income from land sales to support their budgets which leads them to use their monopolistic position to short supply the land. The research design starts from the DiPasquale-Wheaton model (D-W) which Western urban economics theory has validated for analyzing housing cycles. It operationalizes this by: 1. Converting the D-W to a basic SD model; 2. Augmenting this with additional generic features; 3. Incorporating unique Chinese market features to create China-specific models; and then 4. Creating an integrated overarching model for conducting a case study using historical data of Nanjing, China. The result is one of the first operational models for the Chinese housing market that has the explanatory mechanisms and somehow overcomes the data availability issues. It provides an intuitive and transparent structure that we can easily modify to address complex issues. This thesis analyzes the potential housing bubble in the Chinese urban housing market. Using an operational model built on system dynamics (SD), it explores the unique housing market structures, information flows, key agents and their decision-making processes, and the system constraints that may contribute to the bubble forming phenomenon. Its SD models differ from intensive data-driven economic models. They are structural, operational, and focus on causal relationships. They can more easily accommodate non-market features and unique institutional components, where long-range historical data are not readily available. As the Chinese government heavily controls its housing markets, housing prices greatly depend on political decisions. The models incorporate the incentives and decisions of key agents in the market and have predictive power through simulation and scenario analysis. They can thus help decision-makers transform decisions, actively manage risks and opportunities, timely design and implement policies, and consequently change the system from within. This thesis specifically discusses three Chinese-specific features: 1. Rising housing price and the cap rate change; 2. High vacancy rates caused by speculators purchasing multiple housing units as money-storage investments they are unwilling to rent; 3. Land financing schemes where local governments rely on income from land sales to support their budgets which leads them to use their monopolistic position to shortsupply the land. The research design starts from the DiPasquale-Wheaton model (D-W) which Western urban economics theory has validated for analyzing housing cycles. It operationalizes this by: 1. Converting the D-W to a basic SD model; 2. Augmenting this with additional generic features; 3. Incorporating unique Chinese market features to create China-specific models; and then 4. Creating an integrated overarching model for conducting a case study using historical data of Nanjing, China. The result is one of the first operational models for the Chinese housing market that has the explanatory mechanisms and somehow overcomes the data availability issues. It provides an intuitive and transparent structure that we can easily modify to address complex issues.

Download or read book Housing Affordability and Housing Policy in Urban China written by Zan Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-25 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of housing affordability under the economic reforms and social transformations in urban China. It also offers an overall review of the current government measures on the housing market and affordable housing policies in China. By introducing a dynamic affordability approach and residual income approach, the book allows us to capture the size of the affordability gap more accurately, to better identify policy targets, and to assess the effectiveness of current public policy. The unique database on urban household surveys and regional information on affordable housing projects serve to strengthen the analysis. The book offers theoretical and empirical insights for in-depth affordability studies and helps readers to understand the social impacts of market reforms and the role of government on the Chinese housing market.

Download or read book Values Cities and Migrations written by Grazia Napoli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects the best papers presented at a recent conference organized by SIEV (Italian Society of Appraisal and Valuation) to promote the interaction between Appraisal and Valuation and other social sciences to study the effects of migration on value and social, spatial and economic systems in a multicultural city. The book consists of seventeen papers in two parts. The first part, "Values and Relational Systems in Multicultural Societies", features how social sciences--including appraisal and valuation, urban planning, philosophy, psychology, and geography--take different approaches to studying values and relationships, converging to form a unified mosaic of complementary and interconnected knowledge. The second part, "Permeability and Permanence of Values in a Contemporary Multicultural City", highlights the most crucial topics on which appraisals and models focus to interpret and represent the influence of migration on the real estate market in different urban and territorial contexts, from historical centers, small towns, to tourist cities, also taking into account sustainability, maintenance and regeneration of cities.

Download or read book International Housing Market Experience and Implications for China written by Rebecca L. H. Chiu and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent rapid housing market expansion in China is presenting new challenges for policy makers, planners, business people, and citizens. Now that housing in middle-income China is driven by consumer choices and is no longer dominated by state policy decisions, housing policy issues in Chinese cities are becoming increasingly similar to those encountered in other global housing markets. With soaring prices and imbalances in housing supply favoring high income groups and housing demand driven by rising inequality in household incomes, many middle and lower-income households face worsening choices in terms of the quality and location of their housing as well as greater financial difficulties, which together can have negative implications for standards of public health. This book examines the impact of these changes on the general population, as well as on aspiring homeowners and developers. The contributors look at the effect on the widening of wealth gaps, slower economic growth, and threats to political and social stability. Though focusing on China, the editors also present discussions of specific policy design challenges encountered in Australia, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, the Nordic countries, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK, and the US. This book would be of interest to housing policy makers, as well as academics who are studying the social and political effects of the Chinese housing market.

Download or read book Heterogeneity and Dynamics in China s Emerging Housing Market written by Zhou Yu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's emerging housing market, as a critical element of ongoing economic reforms, has drawn increasing attention. The complete abandonment of the socialist housing allocation system in the late 1990s has led to profound changes in housing distribution and consumption in urban China. This article, through analysis of Chinese Census 2000 data and other comparable datasets, examines housing dynamics in China and in its four autonomous municipalities in the late 1990s. It is found that urban housing conditions have improved by almost all accounts, while housing gaps were rapidly widening. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of housing distribution were shifting. Occupational status and educational level have become much more decisive factors. Regional disparities are also evident, due in part to differences in the reform measures undertaken. The drastic changes in the housing sector manifest the phenomenal socioeconomic changes due to twenty years' economic reforms. Reform is successful in increasing distributional inequality as a way to introduce market-based incentives and improve productivity. However, those who were in power have maintained and extended their advantages in the new system. Therefore, while the market is in the making, demographic and institutional factors instead of economic factors are more relevant in housing distribution and residential behavior.

Download or read book Migration Urbanization and the Dual Labour Market written by Junhua Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies written by David F Clapham and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-disciplinary and critical in its approach, The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies is an elucidating look at the key issues within the field. It covers the study of housing retrospectively, but also analyses the future directions of research and theory, demonstrating how it can contribute to wider debates in the social sciences. A comprehensive introductory chapter is followed by four parts offering complete coverage of the area: Markets: examines the perception of housing markets, how they function in different contexts, and the importance of housing behaviour and neighbourhoods Approaches: looks at how other disciplines - economics, geography, and sociology - have informed the direction of housing studies Context: traces the interactions between housing studies and other aspects of society, providing context to debate housing through issues of space, social, welfare and the environment. Policy: is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive take on the major policy issues and the causes and possible solutions of housing problems such as regeneration and homelessness. Edited by leading names in the field and including international contributions, the book is a stimulating, wide-ranging read that will be an invaluable resource for academics and researchers in geography, urban studies, sociology, social policy, economics and politics.

Download or read book Rural Urban Migration Structural Transformation and Housing Markets in China written by Carlos Garriga and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the contribution of the structural transformation and urbanization process to China's housing-market boom. Rural to urban migration together with regulated land supplies and developer entry restrictions can raise housing prices. This issue is examined using a multi-sector dynamic general-equilibrium model with migration and housing. Our quantitative findings suggest that this process accounts for about 80 percent of urban housing price changes. This mechanism remains valid in extensions calibrated to the two largest cities with most noticeable housing booms and to several alternative setups. Overall, supply factors and productivity account for most of the housing price growth.

Download or read book Sociological Abstracts written by Leo P. Chall and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Game of Life Cellular Automata written by Andrew Adamatzky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1960s British mathematician John Conway invented a virtual mathematical machine that operates on a two-dimensional array of square cell. Each cell takes two states, live and dead. The cells’ states are updated simultaneously and in discrete time. A dead cell comes to life if it has exactly three live neighbours. A live cell remains alive if two or three of its neighbours are alive, otherwise the cell dies. Conway’s Game of Life became the most programmed solitary game and the most known cellular automaton. The book brings together results of forty years of study into computational, mathematical, physical and engineering aspects of The Game of Life cellular automata. Selected topics include phenomenology and statistical behaviour; space-time dynamics on Penrose tilling and hyperbolic spaces; generation of music; algebraic properties; modelling of financial markets; semi-quantum extensions; predicting emergence; dual-graph based analysis; fuzzy, limit behaviour and threshold scaling; evolving cell-state transition rules; localization dynamics in quasi-chemical analogues of GoL; self-organisation towards criticality; asynochrous implementations. The volume is unique because it gives a comprehensive presentation of the theoretical and experimental foundations, cutting-edge computation techniques and mathematical analysis of the fabulously complex, self-organized and emergent phenomena defined by incredibly simple rules.

Download or read book Geospatial Analysis and Modelling of Urban Structure and Dynamics written by Bin Jiang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Coming of Age: Geospatial Analysis and Modelling in the Early Twenty First Century Forty years ago when spatial analysis first emerged as a distinct theme within geography’s quantitative revolution, the focus was largely on consistent methods for measuring spatial correlation. The concept of spatial au- correlation took pride of place, mirroring concerns in time-series analysis about similar kinds of dependence known to distort the standard probability theory used to derive appropriate statistics. Early applications of spatial correlation tended to reflect geographical patterns expressed as points. The perspective taken on such analytical thinking was founded on induction, the search for pattern in data with a view to suggesting appropriate hypotheses which could subsequently be tested. In parallel but using very different techniques came the development of a more deductive style of analysis based on modelling and thence simulation. Here the focus was on translating prior theory into forms for generating testable predictions whose outcomes could be compared with observations about some system or phenomenon of interest. In the intervening years, spatial analysis has broadened to embrace both inductive and deductive approaches, often combining both in different mixes for the variety of problems to which it is now applied.

Download or read book International Journal of System Dynamics Applications written by Ahmad Taher Azar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Community Based System Dynamics written by Peter S. Hovmand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community Based System Dynamics introduces researchers and practitioners to the design and application of participatory systems modeling with diverse communities. The book bridges community- based participatory research methods and rigorous computational modeling approaches to understanding communities as complex systems. It emphasizes the importance of community involvement both to understand the underlying system and to aid in implementation. Comprehensive in its scope, the volume includes topics that span the entire process of participatory systems modeling, from the initial engagement and conceptualization of community issues to model building, analysis, and project evaluation. Community Based System Dynamics is a highly valuable resource for anyone interested in helping to advance social justice using system dynamics, community involvement, and group model building, and helping to make communities a better place.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Work and Inequality in Urban China written by Yanjie Bian and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1994-01-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a systematic analysis of the impact of work organization on the social stratification of individuals in urban China. It explains why economic and labor market segmentation is possible and necessary in state socialism at a certain stage of its development, as in market capitalism, and how important one's work unit or danwei is to the life of socialist workers in Chinese cities. Based on survey data, personal interviews, and official statistics, the author shows that structural allocation, status inheritance, educational achievement, political virtue, and interpersonal connections (guanxi) interplay in determining an individual's opportunities for entering and moving into a desirable place to work, for obtaining Communist party membership and an elite class status, and for receiving material compensation such as wages, bonuses, fringe benefits, housing, and home locations.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Product Branding Strategies written by Mark Paich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-03-02 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated Second Edition details how marketers, forecasters, and brand planners can achieve optimal success by building internally consistent simulation models to project future behavior of patients, physicians, and R&D processes. By introducing the reader to the complexities facing many pharmaceutical firms, specifically issue