Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash with Aluminum Dross Using Alkali Fusion written by Napasawan Khawnuan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal fly ash (CFA) and aluminum dross are industrial wastes that required proper treatment and disposal. Several studies have been focusing on reusing CFA to produce zeolites; a porous crystalline materials with various applications. Nonetheless, the applicability of aluminum dross in zeolite synthesis has yet to be determined. In this study, CFA and aluminum dross were used for the synthesis of zeolite by akaline fusion. Aluminum oxide, a commonly used aluminum source, was also tested for comparison. Optimal condition of zeolite synthesis was determined based on characteristics of the products such as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Zeolite A was generated in this study. In the case of aluminum dross, optimal synthesis condition was obtained at 600 ̊C fusion temperature followed by crystallization at 80 ̊C. Although the observed CEC was relatively lower than those of the zeolites synthesized from aluminum oxide, their CEC values were still comparable. The cadmium and methylene blue (MB) adsorptions of the synthesized zeolites with high CEC values (P680, P780, D680, and D780) were then investigated. Among the three isotherm models including linear regression, Langmuir isotherm, and Freundlich isotherm, the data from cadmium adsorption by the synthesized zeolites fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. On the contrary, MB adsorption could not be fitted with any models used in this study. These results suggest that zeolite A can be obtained from CFA and aluminum dross, and its capability in cadmium and MB removal was similar to the zeolite produced from aluminum oxide.
Download or read book Fly Ash Zeolites written by Bhagwanjee Jha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a thorough review of the state-of-knowledge and recent innovations in the synthesis of pure and improved grades of fly ash zeolites (FAZ). Addressing improvements to conventional methods, it also showcases a novel technique for the synthesis of high cation exchangers from fly ash and detailed characterization techniques for the products obtained. In addition, it examines in detail various areas of specific applications of fly ash zeolites. Over the years, several methods such as hydrothermal, fusion prior to hydrothermal, microwave assisted hydrothermal and molten salt techniques for producing FAZ have been developed. However, one-step and two-step reactions between the fly ash and alkali usually generate alkaline wastes that may cause environmental contamination. In addition, the separation of FAZ from the partially activated fly ash (the impurities) remains a major concern for researchers and industrialists alike. /divIn view of these challenges, this book presents a novel technique for three-step activation (TSA), which focuses on recycling the fly ash-NaOH-water reaction by-products until zeolitic residue is formed. The FAZ (the final residue after third step reactions) synthesized in this manner exhibits exceptionally high cation exchange capacity, specific surface area and pore area. This book offers a comprehensive compendium of reading material on fly ash and its recycled product, the zeolites. Students at both undergraduate and graduate levels, researchers, and practicing engineers will all find this book to be a valuable guide in their respective fields.
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash written by Guido Gerard Hollman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fly Ash Zeolite Catalyst Support for Fischer Tropsch Synthesis written by Adam Campen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research aimed at evaluating a fly ash zeolite (FAZ) catalyst support for use in heterogeneous catalytic processes. Gas phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) over a fixed-bed of the prepared catalyst/FAZ support was identified as an appropriate process for evaluation, by comparison with commercial catalyst supports (silica, alumina, and 13X). Fly ash, obtained from the Wabash River Generating Station, was first characterized using XRD, SEM/EDS, particle size, and nitrogen sorption techniques. Then, a parametric study of a two-step alkali fusion/hydrothermal treatment process for converting fly ash to zeolite frameworks was performed by varying the alkali fusion agent, agent:flyash ratio, fusion temperature, fused ash/water solution, aging time, and crystallization time. The optimal conditions for each were determined to be NaOH, 1.4 g NaOH: 1 g fly ash, 550 °C, 200 g/L, 12 hours, and 48 hours. This robust process was applied to the fly ash to obtain a faujasitic zeolite structure with increased crystallinity (40 %) and surface area (434 m 2 /g). Following the modification of fly ash to FAZ, ion exchange of H+ for Na+ and cobalt incipient wetness impregnation were used to prepare a FTS catalyst. FTS was performed on the catalysts at 250-300 °C, 300 psi, and with a syngas ratio H2 :CO = 2. The HFAZ catalyst support loaded with 11 wt% cobalt resulted in a 75 % carbon selectivity for C5 - C18 hydrocarbons, while methane and carbon dioxide were limited to 13 and 1%, respectively. Catalyst characterization was performed by XRD, N2 sorption, TPR, and oxygen pulse titration to provide insight to the behavior of each catalyst. Overall, the HFAZ compared well with silica and 13X supports, and far exceeded the performance of the alumina support under the tested conditions. The successful completion of this research could add value to an underutilized waste product of coal combustion, in the form of catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalytic processes.
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash and Its Ion Exchange Properties written by Chong Wee Gan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transformation of Waste Coal Fly Ash Into Zeolites for Environmental Applications written by Kalpana Maheria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of a large quantity of waste coal fly ash (CFA) via coal combustion process during power generation is of major concern as disposal of such huge quantity of fly ash causes serious threats to the environment. There is an exigent need to find out the proper solution for its disposal/utilization to reduce its harmful effects. The composition of waste coal fly ash mostly consists of silica and alumina. Hence, the researchers are tempted to utilize waste coal fly ash as a starting ingredient to make value-added materials like zeolites. It is anticipated that such research efforts will act as a valuable aid to reduce the disposal cost of fly ash and ultimately reduce harmful effects of fly ash to the environment. In this review, various synthesis methods to synthesize different types of zeolites from CFA, such as Zeolite-A, Zeolite-X and Zeolite-P, have been summarized and their potential for various applications such as sorption and catalysis has been explored.
Download or read book Synthesis of Basic Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash and Its Reactivity in Knoevenagel Reaction written by Siti Haslina Ahmad Rusmili and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolite from Fly Ash and Their Use as Soil Amendment written by Maria Harja and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amendments may be natural or synthetic and by their origin organic or inorganic. Among amendments, the inorganic ones are recommended, such as gypsum, lime, zeolites and altered rocks, including sand, ceramic, perlite, ash, slag, zeolite, pyrites, dolomite, calcined clay, et cetera Fly ash-based zeolites can be used as amendments to improve the use of the soil for agricultural purposes. Generally, there are different methods for the synthesis of new materials using solid waste - fly ashes. Methods are known to be composed of a single stage or two stages. The first method - the conventional - is direct hydrothermal conversion of the mixture of ash and alkaline solution (NaOH or KOH), but only 50% of ashes can be converted into zeolite. The second method consists in mixing the ash with KOH and fusion at elevated temperature. The method leads to an advanced conversion - the type of zeolite depending on treatment conditions. Other studies recommend the conversion of ash using microwave ovens or ultrasound bath; in this case, the conversion time is reduced to 1-2 hours. From these methods, the direct method was proposed to be used in synthesizing zeolites for agriculture, with a part in controlling release of fertilizers and as a soil amendment. The synthesized materials were characterized with respect to microstructure (electronic microscopy SEM) and chemical and mineralogical composition (EDAX, X-ray diffraction). By analyzing the obtained data, one may observe the destruction of the ash network and crystallization of the zeolitic phase, especially in the case of treatment by diffusion. The XRD analysis confirms the presence of zeolite in materials obtained. Good results were also obtained in the case of using ultrasound treatment for zeolite synthesis; also, the time of treatment significantly decreased in this case.
Download or read book Zeolite Synthesis from Pre treated Coal Fly Ash in Presence of Soil as a Tool for Soil Remediation written by Roberto Terzano and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Zeolite Synthesis from Fly ASH by Fusion Method written by Doungmanee Rungsuk and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายในการศึกษาการสังเคราะห์ซีโอไลต์จากเถ้าลอยถ่ายหิน และ สามารถหาสภาวะที่เหมาะสมต่อการผลิตซีโอไลต์ ซึ่งถ่านหินที่ได้นั้นมาจากโรงงานที่ปราจีนบุรีและจะรับเถ้าลอยถ่านหินมาทุกเดือนเป็นเวลาทั้งหมด 3 เดือนและส่วนประกอบของเถ้าลอยถ่านหินมีซิลิกอนกับอลูมิเนียมต่างกันแต่จะเห็นได้ว่าจะให้ซีโอไลต์ที่ไม่แตกต่างกัน อัตราส่วนของโซเดียมไฮโรอกไซค์/เถ้าลอยคือ 1.75 เพราะสภาวะนี้ให้ค่าการแลกเปลี่ยนไอออนมากและให้ปริมาณซีโอไลต์มาก และอัตราส่วนของซิลิกาต่อ อลูมิน่าคืออัตราส่วนที่ 2.3 ให้ 91. 0 meq/100 ปริมาณน้ํามี่ 65 มิลลิลิตรให้ค่า 289 meq/100 g, เวลาเขย่า 12 ชม. ให้ค่า CEC 303 meq/100 g, อุณหภูมิเขย่า 30 องศาให้ค่า CEC 279 250 meq/100 ซึ่งในการศึกษาในแต่ละสภาวะเราจะให้ตัวแปรในสภาวะอื่นคงที่ และจากการศึกษาจะได้ซีโอไลต์ X เกิดขึ้น และซีโอไลต์ X ที่ผลึกสูงค่อนข้างสมบูรณ์จะให้ค่าการแลกเปลี่ยนไอออนสูงขึ้นตามไปด้วย.
Download or read book Zeolite Synthesis from Municipal Solid Waste Ash Using Fusion and Hydrothermal Treatment written by Maysson Sallam and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This dissertation investigates the possibility of producing zeolites from municipal solid waste ash, MSW ash, by using hydrothermal treatment alone and by introducing fusion at 550 °C prior to hydrothermal treatment. The study was performed at different treatment conditions where silica/aluminum ratio of 13.9 and 2.5, hydroxide concentrations of 1.5N, 2.5N and 3.5N, temperatures at 100°C and 60 °C and time at 6, 24 and 72 hours were the major variables used to study zeolites synthesis process. The possibility of forming zeolites A, P1 and X was of particular interest in the present study. Factors, mechanism and modeling of zeolite A were investigated thoroughly in the present study. Zeolite synthesis process was evaluated using X-Ray diffraction to study different formed zeolite types and their chemical composition as well as their percentages. Morphological and physical characteristics of the produced zeolitic materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and cation exchange capacity property, CEC. The findings indicate that hydrothermal process did not succeed in producing significant amounts of zeolites. Consequently, the CEC of the produced zeolitic materials were much below the available commercial zeolite materials. Fusing the ash prior to hydrothermal treatment successfully produced sodium aluminum silicates and sodium silicates precursors to zeolite A formation. Fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment yielded significant amounts of zeolite A, at maximum value of 38.8% with CEC up to 245.0 meq/100g, which is within the range of commercially available zeolites. Experimental design analysis performed on zeolite A synthesis showed that zeolite A formation was reproducible and equation of interaction between different used conditions was established. Mechanism of zeolite A formation was concluded to be solution transport mediated process that involved both gel and solution interaction rather than being pure solution reaction or pure gel transformation process. Solution super saturation and optimum silica/aluminum ratio were the driving force for nucleation of zeolite A.
Download or read book Two Stage Synthesis of High Purity Zsm 5 Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash written by Noppavan Reanvattana and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Ca and Na Zeolites Non Pozzolanic Materials Obtained From Fly Ash Ca OH 2 Interaction written by Nevin Koshy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional method for alkali activation of fly ash utilizes Ca(OH)2 and NaOH for the formation of pozzolanic material and fly ash zeolites, respectively. Sodium-based fly ash zeolites (say, Na-zeolite) mostly employ NaOH (the high-grade mineralizer and alkali) for activation of fly ash before its application as an absorbent. However, the Na-zeolites as absorbents (in agro- and aqua-culture) result in sodicity (i.e., excess of Na, present as impurity in the zeolite), which in turn reduces their holding capacity of moisture, nutrient [i.e., nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK fertilizers)], microorganisms (viz., microbial spores), or heavy metals and negatively affect the growth of plant and aquatic life. To resolve such problems, the present study is focused on synthesis of agro-grade blend (dominated by Ca-zeolite) of zeolites by using Ca(OH)2 as major alkali and two well-established mineralizers, NaOH and NaCl, used in the trace quantity. To monitor activation of the fly ash in two different conditions, the synthesis of zeolites could be carried out by employing (1) conventional (the open hydrothermal system), and (2) autoclaving (the closed hydrothermal system) methods. The main attributes that control the entire study include temperature and reaction times for both methods. In addition, the present study demonstrates (1) effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 in creation of blend of zeolites with considerable cation exchange capacity when an optimum chemical composition (comparable to a pure agro- and aqua-grade zeolite 4A), and (2) suitability of the conventional hydrothermal method over autoclave method in synthesizing the blend of Ca- and Na-zeolites possessing a cation exchange capacity up to 394 meq/100 g. The formation of needle/star/spherule/small cube-shaped crystals (i.e., Na-P1, the Na-zeolite) and prismatic/cuboidal shaped crystals (i.e., heulandite, the Ca-zeolite), confirms suitability of the end product as a good sorbent and manure.
Download or read book Synthesis of Higher Grade Fly Ash Zeolite X From Fly Ash Via Three Step Fusion written by Bhagwanjee Jha and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several researchers have established the fusion of fly ash-NaOH mixtures at 450°C to 900°C. The fly ash gets partially converted to zeolite X when the fused ash is further treated in a hydrothermal system. However, such a solid residue (the end product) exhibits a low cation-exchange capacity. A culprit of such a deficiency in zeolite is improper contact between the NaOH and the fly ash particles during their fusion. To enhance the degree of fusion, in the present study we attempted to demonstrate a three-step fusion technique that does not favor any further treatment in a hydrothermal system. Observed changes in the characteristics (cation exchange capacity, pore volume, pore area, mineralogy, and thermal stability) of the end product of three-step fusion corresponding to an NaOH/fly ash ratio equal to 1.0 proves the suitability of this fusion technique for the synthesis of a better grade of zeolite X (viz., Na-X and Na-Y).
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolites from South Afrian Coal Fly Ash written by Dakalo Mainganye and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM 5 and Faujasite and Geopolymer from South African Coal Fly Ash written by Nkululeko Zenzele Neville Ndlovu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthetic Zeolites written by S. P. Zhdanov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
