Download or read book Synthesis of Bio based Polymers Containing D isosorbide by Ring opening Metathesis Polymerization written by Chinni Yalamanchili and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of renewable sources as alternatives for petroleum and natural gas products has immense commercial, health and global warming significance. D-Isosorbide (2) is a bifunctional, polar, chiral and rigid molecule, which is produced from renewable sources. Synthesis of new polymers containing 2 is of interest for polymers and in drug delivery. The aim of the present work is to synthesize various polymers (homo- and copolymers) containing 2 via the olefin metathesis routes, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and acyclic-diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET). N-Phenyl-7-oxanorbornene-dicarboximide, and norbornene functionalized onto 2 were used as the monomers for ROMP. These monomers were polymerized using Grubbs' catalysts to generate a series of homo-, co-, block and cross-linked-polymers. These polymers were characterized using GPC, NMR, and IR. In addition, ADMET polymerization of a terminal diolefin-functionalized D-isosorbide (2) was also conducted to produce ADMET polymers.

Download or read book Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation and Related Chemistry written by Ezat Khosravi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last ASI in Turkey in Sept. 1995, the olefin metathesis has made remarkable strong developments with an incredible speed in various directions. New catalyst systems have been developed which have resulted in the synthesis of novel materials. Other fascinating developments have been the new catalysts for stereoselective metathesis and catalysts with considerable functional group tolerance. These new catalysts in addition to Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) and Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) are now powerful tools for Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM) and have found many applications in the synthesis of natural products. A lot of information has been established about all aspects of the olefin metathesis and there is a vast literature concerning the process, covering the initiators, mechanistic features and applications of this reaction in organic and polymer synthesis. The NATO ASI on rd th ROMP and Related Chemistry took place in Polanica-Zdroj, Poland during 3 to 15 Sept. 2000, to highlight the developments in this area and to discuss the prospects and visions for the year 2000 and beyond. The aims of the ASI were: to provide a platform for dissemination of knowledge; to promote communication between people who have a serious interest in this field of chemistry; to help establishing international scientific contacts and to provide an opportunity for the scientists with an appropriate scientific background to learn of recent developments in this field of science. There were 15 lecturers and 67 participants in this NATO ASI.

Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based Functional Block Copolymers written by Sanchita Biswas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is established as one of the efficient controlled living polymerization methods which have various applications in polymer science and technology fields. The research presented in this dissertation addresses several applications of multifunctional well-defined norbornene-based block copolymers synthesized by ROMP using ruthenium-based Grubbs catalysts. These novel block copolymers were applied to stabilize maghemite nanoparticles, creating the superparamagnetic polymeric nanocomposites. The J-aggregation properties of the porphyrin dyes were improved via self-assembly with a customized norbornene polymer. Novel multimodal copolymer probes were synthesized for two-photon fluorescence integrin-targeted bioimaging. In Chapter 1 a brief overview of ROMP along with ruthenium metal catalysts and selected applications of the polymers related to this research is presented. Superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles are important in biotechnology fields, such as enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetically controlled drug delivery, and biomimetics. However, cluster formation and eventual loss of nano-dimensions is a major obstacle for these materials. Chapter 2 presents a solution to this problem through nanoparticles stabiulized in a polymer matrix. The synthesis and chracterization of novel diblock copolymers, consisting of epoxy pendant anchoring groups to chelate maghemite nanoparticles and steric stabilizing groups, as well as generation of nanocomposites and their characterization, including surface morphologies and magnetic properties, is discussed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, further improvement of the nanocomposites by ligand modification and the synthesis of pyrazole-templated diblock copolymers and their impact to stabilize the maghemite nanocomposite are presented. Additionally, the organic soluble magnetic nanocomposites with high magnetizations were encapsulated in an amphiphilic copolymer and dispersed in water to assess their water stability by TEM. To gain a preliminary measure of biocopatibility of the micelle-encapsulated polymeric magnetic nanocomposites, cell-viability was determined. In Chapter 4, aggregation behaviors of two porphyrin-based dyes were investigated. A new amphiphilic homopolymer containing secondary amine moieties was synthesized and characterized. In low pH, the polymer became water soluble and initiated the stable J-aggregation of the porphyrin. Spectroscopic data supported the aggregation behavior. Two photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) has become a powerful technique in bioimaging for non-invasive imaging and potential diagnosis and treatment of a number of diseases via excitation in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The fluorescence emission upon two-photon absorption (2PA) is quadratically dependent with the intensity of excitation light (compared to the linear dependence in the case of one-photon absoprtion), offering several advantages for biological applications over the conventional one-photon absorption (1PA) due to the high 3D spatial resolution that is confined near the focal point along with less photodamage and interference from the biological tissues at longer wavelength (~700-900 nm). Hence, efficient 2PA absorbing fluorophores conjugated with specific targeting moieties provides an even better bioimaging probe to diagnose desired cellular processes or areas of interest The [alpha subscript v beta subscript 3] integrin adhesive protein plays a significant role in regulating angiogenesis and is over-expressed in uncontrolled neovascularization during tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Cyclic-RGD peptides are well-known antagonists of [alpha subscript v beta subscript 3] integrin which suppress the angiogenesis process, thus preventing tumor growth. In Chapter 5 the synthesis, photophysical studies and bioimaging is reported for a versatile norbornene-based block copolymer multifunctional scaffold containing biocompatible (PEG), two-photon fluorescent (fluorenyl), and targeting (cyclic RGD peptide) moieties. This water-soluble polymeric multi scaffold probe with negligible cytotoxicity exhibited much stronger fluorescence and high localization in U87MG cells (that overexpress integrin) compared to control MCF7 cells. The norbornene-based polymers and copolymers have quite remarkable versatility for the creation of advanced functional magnetic, photonic, and biophotonic materials.

Download or read book Synthesis and Self assembly of Polymers Containing Dicarboximide Groups by Living Ring opening Metathesis Polymerization written by Jake Dalphond and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "DNA is remarkable because of its highly selective molecular recognition properties and self-assembly behavior. Recent attempts in generating biomimetic synthetic polymers have been flawed by a lack of structural control. To overcome this shortcoming, we generated molecular recognition polymers and copolymers containing a regioselective arrangement of thymine/uracil analogs via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP of exo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide was found to fulfill the criteria for a living polymerization. This gave access to polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution and well-controlled architecture. Furthermore, the living character of the reaction allowed for the facile synthesis of diblock copolymers. We have synthesized diblock copolymers containing a small hydrophilic block bearing molecular recognition units and a longer hydrophobic block consisting of long pendant alkyl chains. These copolymers undergo self-assembly into nanoscale aggregates with surface localized multi-point hydrogen bonding sites. Finally, molecular recognition properties of monomers and polymers containing the thymine/uracil analogs were characterized by 1H NMR and HPLC." --

Download or read book Polyesters and Polyamides written by B L Deopura and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyesters and polyamides remain the most used group of synthetic fibres. This authoritative book reviews methods of their production, ways of improving their functionality and their wide range of applications. The first part of the book describes raw materials and manufacturing processes, including environmental issues. Part two considers ways of improving the functionality of polyester and polyamide fibres, including blending, weaving, coloration and other finishing techniques as well as new techniques such as nanotechnology. The final part of the book reviews the range of uses of these important fibres, from apparel and sportswear to automotive, medical and civil engineering applications. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Polyesters and polyamides is a standard reference for all those using this important group of fibres. Reviews the chemical and physical properties of each fibre and their manufacture Analyses how the functionality of polyester and polyamides can be improved Provides examples of how the fibres are used in applications

Download or read book Ring opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclopropenes and Ladderenes written by Jessica Kalay Su and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of polymer microstructure is manifested in nature, where the precisely regulated monomer sequence in biomacromolecules enables their controlled folding and assembly to afford vital biological functions. In the pursuit of man-made materials with sophisticated properties, the field of polymer chemistry has developed rapidly to enable the synthesis of polymers with controlled microstructures. Specifically, living polymerization techniques, such as ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), enable excellent control over polymer molecular weight, composition, and architecture. ROMP is driven primarily by the release of ring strain in cyclic olefin monomers, but surprisingly few studies have been performed on the ROMP of cyclopropenes (CPEs), the most strained monocyclic olefins. In 2015, our group discovered that a class of 1,1-disubstituted CPE undergoes selective single addition to Grubbs third generation catalyst. Monomers which undergo single addition are extremely rare for chain-growth polymerizations and are particularly useful for manipulating the monomer sequence in a polymer. As such, we focused our research efforts on discovering other CPEs that can undergo single addition and uncovering the mechanism and role of their substituents. We have synthesized a library of CPEs with various disubstitution patterns and substituents and systematically investigated their reactivity with Grubbs catalyst. We have found that 1,1-disubstitution of CPE is crucial for both preserving the stability of the propagating chain end and tuning the metathesis reactivity from living polymerization to single addition. The distinct reactivities stemmed from differences in sterics and/or chelation at the Ru alkylidene from C1 substituents after a single CPE ring-opening event, affecting the barrier to propagation. We have utilized the single addition reactivity of CPEs to synthesize alternating copolymers with diverse side chain and backbone functionalities from alternating ROMP of CPE with low-strain cyclic olefins. Recently, we have developed a strategy to precisely place discrete functionalities and side chains via ring-opened CPEs at pre-determined locations along a living ROMP polymer chain, with control over the location and number incorporated. This advance in polymer chemistry opens many exciting opportunities to manipulate the functionalities along well-controlled polymer chains for understanding the effects of their placement and sequence on polymer behaviors, controlling polymer folding/assembly, as well as synthesizing polymers with more complex nonlinear architectures with precision. Our group also recently reported a unique polymechanophore system, polyladderene, that undergoes force-triggered rearrangement into semi-conducting, insoluble polyacetylene. A notable feature in the design was the terminal strained cyclobutene on ladderene that allowed rapid ROMP. We have developed synthetic procedures to prepare triblock copolymers containing mechanically active polyladderene, since block copolymers can self-assemble in solution and bulk and facilitate incorporation of polyladderene with common polymers to impart the dramatic stress-response of polyladderene to diverse materials.

Download or read book Handbook of Metathesis Volume 3 written by Robert H. Grubbs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-09 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the "go-to" reference in this field is completely updated and features more than 80% new content, with emphasis on new developments in the field, especially in industrial applications. No other book covers the topic in such a comprehensive manner and in such high quality. Edited by the Nobel laureate R. H. Grubbs and E. Khosravi, Volume 3 of the 3-volume work focusses on polymer synthesis. With a list of contributors that reads like a "Who's-Who" of metathesis, this is an indispensable one-stop reference for chemists in academia and industry. View the set here - http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527334246.html Other available volumes: Volume 1: Catalyst Development and Mechanism, Editors: R. H. Grubbs and A. G. Wenzel - http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527339485.html Volume 2: Applications in Organic Synthesis, Editors: R. H. Grubbs and D. J. O ́Leary - http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527339493.html

Download or read book Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers for Environmental and Biomedical Applications written by Susheel Kalia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume incorporates 13 contributions from renowned experts from the relevant research fields that are related biodegradable and biobased polymers and their environmental and biomedical applications. Specifically, the book highlights: Developments in polyhydroxyalkanoates applications in agriculture, biodegradable packaging material and biomedical field like drug delivery systems, implants, tissue engineering and scaffolds The synthesis and elaboration of cellulose microfibrils from sisal fibres for high performance engineering applications in various sectors such as the automotive and aerospace industries, or for building and construction The different classes and chemical modifications of tannins Electro-activity and applications of Jatropha latex and seed The synthesis, properties and applications of poly(lactic acid) The synthesis, processing and properties of poly(butylene succinate), its copolymers, composites and nanocomposites The different routes for preparation polymers from vegetable oil and the effects of reinforcement and nano-reinforcement on the physical properties of such biobased polymers The different types of modified drug delivery systems together with the concept of the drug delivery matrix for controlled release of drugs and for antitumor drugs The use of nanocellulose as sustainable adsorbents for the removal of water pollutants mainly heavy metal ions, organic molecules, dyes, oil and CO2 The main extraction techniques, structure, properties and different chemical modifications of lignins Proteins and nucleic acids based biopolymers The role of tamarind seed polysaccharide-based multiple-unit systems in sustained drug release

Download or read book Green Polymer Chemistry written by H. N. Cheng and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Green polymer chemistry is an extension of green chemistry to polymer science and engineering. Developments in this area have been stimulated by health and environmental concerns, interest in sustainability, desire to decrease the dependence on petroleum, and opportunities to design and produce "green" products and processes. Major advances include new uses of biobased feedstock, green reactions, green processing methodologies, and green polymeric products. A current feature of green polymer chemistry is that it is both global and multidisciplinary. Thus, publications in this field are spread out over different journals in different countries. Moreover, a successful research effort may involve collaborations of people in various disciplines, such as organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, material science, chemical engineering, biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, enzymology, toxicology, environmental science, and analytical chemistry. This book combines the major interdisciplinary research in this field and is targeted for scientists, engineers, and students, who are involved or interested in green polymer chemistry. These may include chemists, biochemists, material scientists, chemical engineers, microbiologists, molecular biologists, enzymologists, toxicologists, environmental scientists, and analytical chemists. It can be a textbook for a course on green chemistry and also a reference book for people who need information on specific topics involving biocatalysis and biobased materials.

Download or read book New Materials for Biological Applications Prepared by Olefin Metathesis Reactions written by Heather Dawn Maynard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of well-defined ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts that are highly active and stable to a variety of functional groups, the synthesis of complex organic molecules and polymers is now possible; this is reviewed in Chapter 1. The majority of the rest of this thesis describes the application of these catalysts towards the synthesis of novel polymers that may be useful in biological applications and investigations into their efficacy. A method was developed to produce polyethers by metathesis, and this is described in Chapters 2 and 3. An unsaturated 12-crown-4 analog was made by template- directed ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and utilized as a monomer for the synthesis of unsaturated polyethers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The yields were high and a range of molecular weights was accessible. In a similar manner, substituted polyethers with various backbones were synthesized: polymers with benzo groups along the backbone and various concentrations of amino acids were prepared. The results from in vitro toxicity tests of the unsubstituted polyethers are considered. The conditions necessary to synthesize polynorbornenes with pendent bioactive peptides were explored as illustrated in Chapter 4. First, the polymerization of various norbornenyl monomers substituted with glycine, alanine or penta(ethylene glycol) is described. Then, the syntheses of polymers substituted with peptides GRGD and SRN, components of a cell binding domain of fibronectin, using newly developed ruthenium initiators are discussed. In Chapter 5, the syntheses of homopolymers and a copolymer containing GRGDS and PHSRN, the more active forms of the peptides, are described. The ability of the polymers to inhibit human dermal fibroblast cell adhesion to fibronectin was assayed using an in vitro competitive inhibition assay, and the results are discussed. It was discovered that the copoymer substituted with both GRGDS and PHSR peptides was more active than both the GRGDS-containing homopolymer and the GRGDS free peptide. Historically, one of the drawbacks to using metathesis is the removal of the residual ruthenium at the completion of the reaction. Chapter 6 describes a method where the water soluble tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine is utilized to facilitate the removal of residual ruthenium from RCM reaction products.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Ring opening Metathesis Polymers with Pendant Carborane Groups written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Alice Man.

Download or read book Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers written by Andreas Lendlein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of biodegradable polymers, covering everything from synthesis, characterization, and degradation mechanisms while also introducing useful applications, such as drug delivery systems and biomaterial-based regenerative therapies. An introductory section deals with such fundamentals as basic chemical reactions during degradation, the complexity of biological environments and experimental methods for monitoring degradation processes. The result is a reliable reference source for those wanting to learn more about this important class of polymer materials, as well as scientists in the field seeking a deeper insight.

Download or read book The Preparation of Functionalized Polymers by Ring opening Metathesis Polymerization written by Marc Andrew Hillmyer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis of Biodegradable Star shaped Polymers Using Bio based Polyols Via Ring opening Polymerization of Beta butyrolactone with Amido oxazolinate Zinc Catalysts written by Rawan Ibrahim Omar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Processing Technology for Bio Based Polymers written by Khalid Mahmood Zia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Processing Technology for Bio-Based Polymers: Advanced Strategies and Practical Aspects brings together the latest advances and novel technologies surrounding the synthesis and manufacture of biopolymers, ranging from bio-based polymers to synthetic polymers from bio-derived monomers. Sections examine bio-based polymer chemistry, discuss polymerization process and emerging design technologies, cover manufacturing and processing approaches, explain cutting-edge approaches and innovative applications, and focus on biomedicals and other key application areas. Final chapters provide detailed discussion and an analysis of economic and environmental concerns, practical considerations, challenges, opportunities and future trends. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students in polymer science, bio-based materials, nanomaterials, plastics engineering, biomaterials, chemistry, biotechnology, and materials science and engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and industrialists interested in the development of biopolymers for advanced products and applications. Focuses on the processing of bio-based polymers, covering both traditional methods and innovative new approaches Offers novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies for biopolymer research, preparation and application Examines other key considerations, including reliability and end product, economic concerns, and environmental and lifecycle aspects

Download or read book Metal free Photoredox mediated Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization written by Laura M. M. Pascual and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Olefin Metathesis in Supramolecular and Ring opening Polymerization written by Jedidiah M. Hastings and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The need to develop dynamic materials that are capable of changing their properties in response to a changing environment has grown significantly over the past decade. As a result, new approaches to the synthesis of these "smart" materials are constantly being illuminated. Olefin metathesis has recently been elevated to the forefront of this area, as it has proven a reliable and versatile method for creating new carbon-carbon bonds. This allows for the incorporation of diverse functionality without a corresponding increase in synthetic difficulty or complexity. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the creation of dynamic libraries of supramolecular polymers via olefin cross-metathesis. The polymers are synthesized from cytosine or easily prepared 2,4-diaminotriazines. Functional groups ranging from aromatic systems, alkanes, and amino-acids have been incorporated onto the backbones without altering the synthetic strategy. Binding constants have been found to be similar in strength to related compounds. In addition to the creation of supramolecular polymers, olefin metathesis has been used in this study to create designer polymers with a traditional, covalently bound backbone. These polymers have contained functionality ranging from chiral diols, which were shown to direct the stereochemistry of Grignard reactions, to nucleic acid bases, which can interact with their environment via Hydrogen bonding. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization was used to create the designer polymers from norbornene-derived bicyclic ring systems. The chiral diols were prepared from commercially available diethyl-L-tartrate. The nucleic acid bases were cytosine and adenine. Efforts have been started toward the incorporation of guanine and thymine.