Download or read book Synthesis and Structure property Relationships of Polymeric Membranes for Small Molecule Transport written by Haomiao Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One key challenge for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells is the lack of alkaline stable polycations. The synthesis of random, crosslinked and block copolymers based on the cobaltocenium phenylene norbornene (NPC) monomer is described. The polymers were synthesized from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the NPC monomer showed excellent thermo-alkaline and thermo-oxidative stability. Random copolymers, crosslinked networks and amphiphilic diblock copolymers were prepared by copolymerizing NPC with different hydrophobic monomers: norbornene for random copolymers, dicyclopentadiene for crosslinked networks and a norbornene dibenzyl ether monomer for amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Mechanical robust membranes were prepared from all these copolymers. Polymers with different architectures exhibited different morphologies. Random copolymers showed disordered interconnected cobaltocenium domains with ion clusters present; crosslinked networks showed homogenous distribution of ions; the amphiphilic diblock copolymers showed cylindrical microphase separation with the cationic domains being the continuous phase even though they constituted the minor volume component. The morphologies of the membranes were found to have little effect on the water uptake of the membranes, but significantly influenced the ionic conductivity. The crosslinked membranes showed lower conductivity compared to the random copolymer membranes at the same composition. However, higher IECs can be achieved by crosslinking with concomitant improved mechanical integrity relative to their random copolymer analogs, ultimately allows for reaching higher ion conductivity values. For the diblock copolymer, formation of a conducting ion channel and elimination of the presence of ion clusters allowed for significantly higher ionic conductivity than the random copolymer or the crosslinked networks at the same composition. Poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polybutadiene-b-poly(vinyl acetate) triblock copolymer was synthesized for water/alcohol pervaporation separation membrane. A difunctional chain transfer agent (dCTA) with both reversible addition - fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) and ROMP functionality was synthesized. The triblock copolymers were obtained by synthesizing narrow-dispersed poly(vinyl acetate) by RAFT and subsequently inserting a polybutadiene block by ROMP. The polymers were cast as thin membranes, and the polybutadiene was crosslinked by UV radiation for mechanical robustness. Solid state hydrolysis afforded poly(vinyl alcohol)-b-polybutadiene-b-poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. Different compositions of the polymers resulted in different morphologies. A longer polybutadiene block or a shorter poly(vinyl alcohol) block contributed to stronger phase separation. This study invented a new methodology to construct amphiphilic triblock copolymers with well-defined morphologies.

Download or read book Diffusion in and Through Polymers written by Wolf R. Vieth and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the subject of diffusion in polymers from a unified, hands-on point of view. The author describes important recent discoveries in membrane separation processes, and details related research on polymer sorption and diffusion, structure-property relationships for penetrant transport, and case studies with poly(ethylene terephthalate). This work yields a new understanding of small molecule transport processes, non-equilibrium molecular characterization of glassy polymers, carrier-supported enzymes and whole cells, biosensors, and bioreactor analysis and design. The first eight chapters address the core principles of diffusion in polymers and their application to membrane separations. The last three chapters extend these principles to practical applications in the field of bioprocesses. An internationally recognized expert, the author has won a DuPont Invention Award, and the Visiting Scientists Award of Japan. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at Rutgers University.

Download or read book Membrane Materials for Gas and Separation written by Yuri Yampolskii and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Si containing polymers have been instrumental in the development of membrane gas separation practices since the early 1970s. Their function is to provide a selective barrier for different molecular species, where selection takes place either on the basis of size or on the basis of physical interactions or both. Combines membrane science, organosilicon chemistry, polymer science, materials science, and physical chemistry Only book to consider polymerization chemistry and synthesis of Si-containing polymers (both glassy and rubbery), and their role as membrane materials Membrane operations present environmental benefits such as reduced waste, and recovered/recycled valuable raw materials that are currently lost to fuel or to flares

Download or read book Structure property Relations in Polymeric Membranes for Controlled Solute Transport written by Sebastian Milster and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Synthetic polymers are promising membrane materials for numerous industrial and medical applications in which controlled molecular transport is pivotal. Rapid development in chemical engineering has enabled the targeted assembly of macromolecular networks with desired membrane properties, particularly the solute permeability, P. There exist various scaling laws that rationalize P based on steric exclusion and adsorption processes. Nonetheless, a revised theory that considers the network structure, the polymer's chemical composition, and the resulting solute-polymer interactions will undoubtedly advance the control over the selective molecular transport. To this end, we performed extensive computer simulations on different scales covering atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and coarse-grained (CG) Langevin simulations. While the MD simulations revealed the local specific solute-polymer interactions, the CG simulations allowed the investigation of the solute transport through entire polymer membranes by analyzing the permeability in the framework of the solution-diffusion model, P=K Din. In this context, P is accessible under equilibrium conditions by calculating the solute partitioning, K, and effective solute diffusivity, Din, in the polymer network. The MD simulations of a frequently employed polymer compound (poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) linked with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) are the starting point of this work. We prepared a representative network subunit (four polymer chains connected by one cross-linker) and quantified the adsorption affinities of additional solute molecules with different sizes, shapes, and polarity. We demonstrate how the specific binding to the cross-link region, which can significantly differ from adsorption to single chains, impacts the solute partitioning in the network. Based on the MD results, we developed two CG, monomer-resolved force-fields. One CG model resembles flexible networks with polydisperse chain lengths between the cross-linkers and a density responsive to the solvent quality. The second CG model considers comparably rigid networks with a regular architecture (equal chain lengths), and the network density is regulated by the cross-linking degree. In the two CG models, we scanned the solute- and polymer-specific interactions covering attractive and repulsive regimes. The permeability exhibits non-monotonic behavior and can be tuned over several orders of magnitude by the solvent quality and the cross-link density. We scrutinized the existing scaling laws for K and Din and presented refined extensions to the theory that incorporate structure-dependent many-body adsorption effects to match the simulation results. The findings demonstrate that the polymer's chemical composition, flexibility, and cross-link density are the key to controlled solute transport. The obtained scaling laws based thereon will be profitable in the future rational design of polymer membranes

Download or read book Transport Properties of Polymeric Membranes written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport Properties of Polymeric Membranes is an edited collection of papers that covers, in depth, many of the recent technical research accomplishments in transport characteristics through polymers and their applications. Using the transport through polymer membranes method leads to high separation efficiency, low running costs, and simple operating procedures compared to conventional separation methods. This book provides grounding in fundamentals and applications to give you all the information you need on using this method. This book discusses the different types of polymer, their blends, composites, nanocomposites and their applications in the field of liquid, gas and vapor transport. Some topics of note include modern trends and applications of polymer nanocomposites in solvent, vapor and gas transport; fundamentals and measurement techniques for gas and vapor transport in polymers; and transport properties of hydrogels. This handpicked selection of topics, and the combined expertise of contributors from global industry, academia, government and private research organizations, make this book an outstanding reference for anyone involved in the field of polymer membranes. Presents current trends in the field of transport of liquid, gas and vapor through various polymeric systems Features case studies focused on industrial applications of membrane technology, along with fundamentals of transport and materials Helps readers quickly look up a particular technique to learn key points, capabilities and drawbacks

Download or read book Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymeric Anion Exchange Membranes written by Wenxu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) are regarded as promising and important energy devices, the development of high performance anion exchange membranes are in urgent need, as well as fundamental investigation on the structure-property relationship, which are the motivation of this dissertation. Three different polymer systems are presented and focused on polymer synthesis, material morphology, and ion transport phenomena. Crosslinked membranes are promising as practical materials, however, the understanding and further improvement of its performance is hindered by the lack of an ordered morphology or well-defined chemical structure. In Chapter 2, a series of crosslinked membranes were design to bear cationic groups organized via covalent linkages, which were synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT), "click" chemistry, cast/crosslinking process, and solid state quaternization. Significant enhancement in conductivities was observed and presumably attributed to the formation of ion transport channels directed by polycation chains. Excellent membrane performance were observed, including conductivities, water diffusivities, and fuel cell power densities. In Chapter 3, phosphonium containing block copolymers were synthesized and subjected to morphology characterization. Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), it was observed that these materials form well-ordered morphologies upon solvent casting, and the ionic block preferred to form a continuous phase. By comparing the anion conductivities, the matrix in a hexagonal phase was proved to be more efficient in ion transport than lamellae. Polycyclooctene (PCOE) based triblock copolymers were synthesized in Chapter 4, by using a special chain transfer agent (CTA) to mediate Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). The well-defined melting transition (~50 oC) of PCOE enabled the investigation of the thermal transition in hydrophobic block affecting ionic domain behavior. Then metal ion doped star block copolymers were investigated in bulk and thin film forms to demonstrate that the star block copolymer architecture can facilitate microphase separation and thus the preparation of smaller features. Using an ortho-nitrobenzyl ester junction, triblock copolymers based on PEO and PSt were synthesized and applied to hierarchical pattern fabrication in self-assembled thin films. During these studies, the single monomer insertion methodology was developed for high efficiency synthesis of (multi)functional RAFT CTAs. The molecular characterization and controlled polymerization results were documented in Chapter 7. The last chapter contains outlooks based on the research in this dissertation. Methods to improve the previously presented materials were listed. Also, fundamental questions were raised on ion transport membranes, and possible ways to answer them were provided. In addition, potential research directions are proposed.

Download or read book Properties and Behavior of Polymers 2 Volume Set written by Wiley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-03 with total page 1605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on the physical properties of polymers including, viscoelasticity, flammability, miscibility, optical properties, surface properties and more. Containing carefully selected reprints from the Wiley's renowned Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, this reference features the same breadth and quality of coverage and clarity of presentation found in the original.

Download or read book Polymer and Small Molecule Designs for Anion Conducting Membranes written by Sedef P. Ertem and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are one of the oldest sustainable energy generation devices, converting chemical energy into electrical energy via reverse-electrolysis reactions. With the rapid development of polymer science, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes replaced the conventional liquid ion transport media, rendering low-temperature fuel cells more accessible for applications in portable electronics and transportation. However, SPE fuel cells are still far from commercialization due to high operation cost, and insufficient lifetime and performance limitations. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are inexpensive alternatives to current proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, which relies on utilizing expensive noble-metal catalysts and perfluorinated SPE materials. Unlike PEMFCs, there is not an ideal AEM material that provides efficient ion transport, while being mechanically robust and chemically stable under strong alkaline conditions. The objectives of this dissertation are to investigate macromolecular design parameters to obtain robust membranes with efficient ion conductivities, and molecular design parameters to obtain alkaline stable ammonium cations as an alternative to the benchmark benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) cation. Macromolecular design parameters were explored by systematic variations of polymer architecture from random, to graft, to symmetric pentablock copolymer structures. Solvent processable random copolymers of polyisoprene-ran-poly(vinyl- benzyltrimethylammonium chloride) were synthesized via polymerization of commercially available monomers. Robust membranes were obtained by thermal or photocross-linking of unsaturated isoprene units. Depending on the copolymer composition, choice of cross-linking method, and the hydrophobicity of the cross-linker, microphase-separated morphologies were obtained forming a connected network of ion clusters. Connectivity improved ion conductivity by two to three orders of magnitude even at low hydration numbers. Connected ionic networks with larger domain sizes were obtained when polymer chains with fixed cations were grafted onto a hydrophobic backbone. Systematic change of graft length and graft density showed a strong correlation with domain connectivity. At a fixed graft density, increasing graft length improved domain connectivity and ion conductivity at the expense of excessive water uptake and dimensional instability. At a fixed graft length, increased graft density improved domain connectivity due to decreased domain size and distance, without compromising membrane dimensional stability. Compared to analogous random copolymers two to three times higher ion conductivities were obtained at relatively low hydration, reaching chloride ion conductivities as high as 50 mS/cm at 60 oC and 95 % relative humidity. A symmetric ABCBA pentablock was functionalized to obtain a midblock quaternary ammonium functionalized polymer that are analogous to midblock sulfonated Nexar® pentablock copolymers which have been commercialized by Kraton Polymers. X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of a microphase-separated inverse morphology where the minor ionic component formed the connected phase. Membranes had elastomeric properties and superior water management to graft copolymers while providing two to three times higher ion conductivity at an equivalent ion concentration. This work represents the first example of a midblock quaternized pentablock copolymer and the investigation of the structure-morphology-property relationships. Lastly, improved alkaline stability of hexyltrimethylammonium (HTMA) cations were investigated on a molecular level, by systematic structural design. Phenyl, phenyl ether, and benzyl ether attached HTMA small molecule cations were synthesized. These three spacer-modified cations were found to be six to ten times more stable than the conventional BTMA cation. The linker chemistry did not influence the overall alkaline stability, enabling easy access to stable ammonium cations. Analogous styrenic monomers, and their homopolymers were synthesized. High stability of the homopolymer cations was confirmed in comparison to poly(BTMA). This study provided a deeper understanding of ammonium degradation mechanisms under strong alkaline conditions, and proposed monomer designs for easy incorporation of stable ammonium cations onto polymers.

Download or read book Examining Structure Property Relationships of Proton Exchange Membranes Through the Study of Model Sulfonated Graft Copolymers written by Ching-Ching Ami Yang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of polymer nanostructure on morphology, crystallinity, water sorption and proton conductivity was investigated using a model solid polymer electrolyte. Poly([vinylidene difluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene]-graft-styrene) [P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PS], which consists of a hydrophobic, fluorous backbone and styrenic graft chains of varied length was synthesized with controlled chain architecture and chemical composition. The polystyrene graft chains were sulfonated to different degrees to provide three series of polymers with controlled ion exchange capacity (IEC). Due to chemical dissimilarity of the hydrophobic fluorous segments and the hydrophilic sulfonated polystyrene segments, the copolymers phase separate into ionic and non-ionic domains. The ionic domains allow transport of water and protons; the hydrophobic domains provide mechanical integrity, preventing the membranes from dissolving in water. The design of the model graft copolymers allows systematic examination of the effects of graft length and graft density on water sorption and proton conductivity. One of the major features of this work is that the sulfonated graft copolymers with shortest graft chains exhibit highest degree of crystallinity and highest PVDF content, which restrict excessive swelling and alleviate acid dilution, leading to a wider IEC operating range for high proton conductivity. Furthermore, the short graft copolymers allow access to very high IEC membranes that are insoluble in water. These short graft polymers with high IECs exhibit exceptionally high proton conduction under reduced humidity and elevated temperatures. In addition, for a given PVDF content, the lower graft density copolymers were observed to possess higher crystallinity and more contiguous PVDF domains that allow high IEC membranes to be prepared that possess lower degrees of swelling. Another important finding is that blending fully sulfonated graft copolymers with high molecular weight PVDF yields membranes with overall low IECs that exhibit highly localized ion content. This promotes the interconnection of ionic domains for effective proton transport while the more extended hydrophobic domains significantly reduce excessive swelling which serve to maintain the mechanical property of the membranes. This thesis describes a systematic approach, demonstrating the design, synthesis, characterization of model polymers, followed by the analysis of structure-property relationships in proton exchange membranes.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure Property Relationships of Polymers in Membranes written by Aditi Damle-Bijani and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asymmetric Cellulose acetate membranes were first developed and used for water desalination. Though the inventors designed membranes to be porous on surface which would separate salt from water by adsorption of pure water on the surface, the prevailing scientific community felt it was diffusion of pure water from the membrane which caused separation. Even after polyamide RO membranes became available which were derived by surface modification of polysulfone UF membranes that were well recognized for their porous nature, the solution-diffusion theories continued. We were compelled to take up this work to give additional evidence for existence of pores on the surface of all membranes those could separate solutes from solutions. We demonstrated that application of vacuum at outlet of membrane should improve the flux only if the membrane was not a continuous surface. Applying vacuum at outlet of the membrane is not same as applying that much additional pressure at the feed side. Polyamides that cannot form continuous structures were synthesized and demonstrated to produce porous desalination RO Membranes, with higher flux under vacuum.

Download or read book Water and Salt Transport Structure property Relationships in Polymer Membranes for Desalination and Power Generation Applications written by Geoffrey Matthew Geise and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing sustainable supplies of water and energy is a critical global challenge. Polymer membranes dominate desalination and could be crucial to power generation applications, which include reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), electrodialysis (ED), membrane capacitive deionization (CDI), and reverse electrodialysis (RED). Improved membranes with tailored water and salt transport properties are required to extend and optimize these technologies. Water and salt transport structure/property relationships provide the fundamental framework for optimizing polymer materials for membrane applications. The water and salt transport and free volume properties of a series of sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers were characterized. The polymers' water uptake and water permeability increase with degree of sulfonation, and the block molecular weights could be used to tune water uptake, permeability, and selectivity properties. The presence of fixed charge groups, i.e., sulfonate groups, on the polymer backbone influence the material's salt transport properties. Specifically, the salt permeability increases strongly with increasing salt concentration, and this increase is a result of increases in both salt sorption and diffusivity with salt concentration. The data for the sulfonated polymers, including a sulfonated polysulfone random copolymer, are compared to those for an uncharged polymer to determine the influence of polymer charge on salt transport properties. The sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer permeability data are compared to literature data using the water permeability and water/salt selectivity tradeoff relationship. Fundamental transport property comparisons can be made using this relationship. The effect of osmotic de-swelling on the polymers and the transport properties of composite membranes made from sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers are also discussed. The sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers were exposed to multi-valent ions to determine their effect on the polymer's salt transport properties. Magnesium chloride permeability depends less on upstream salt concentration than sodium chloride permeability, presumably due to stronger association between the sulfonate groups and magnesium compared to sodium ions. Triethylaluminum was used to neutralize the polymer's sulfonic acid functionality and presumably cross-link the polymer. The mechanical, transport, and free volume properties of these aluminum neutralized polymers were studied.

Download or read book Polymer Science A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 7752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)

Download or read book Synthetic Polymeric Membranes written by Robert E. Kesting and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1985-10-16 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this book is synthetic polymeric membranes, the thin polymer films in either solid or liquid states which act as semipermeable barriers for gaseous, liquid, or solid permeants.

Download or read book Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering written by Enrico Drioli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 1709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is an interdisciplinary and innovative reference work on membrane science and technology. Written by leading researchers and industry professionals from a range of backgrounds, chapters elaborate on recent and future developments in the field of membrane science and explore how the field has advanced since the previous edition published in 2010. Chapters are written by academics and practitioners across a variety of fields, including chemistry, chemical engineering, material science, physics, biology and food science. Each volume covers a wide spectrum of applications and advanced technologies, such as new membrane materials (e.g. thermally rearranged polymers, polymers of intrinsic microporosity and new hydrophobic fluoropolymer) and processes (e.g. reverse electrodialysis, membrane contractors, membrane crystallization, membrane condenser, membrane dryers and membrane emulsifiers) that have only recently proved their full potential for industrial application. This work covers the latest advances in membrane science, linking fundamental research with real-life practical applications using specially selected case studies of medium and large-scale membrane operations to demonstrate successes and failures with a look to future developments in the field. Contains comprehensive, cutting-edge coverage, helping readers understand the latest theory Offers readers a variety of perspectives on how membrane science and engineering research can be best applied in practice across a range of industries Provides the theory behind the limits, advantages, future developments and failure expectations of local membrane operations in emerging countries

Download or read book Ion and Molecule Transport in Membrane Systems written by Victor Nikonenko and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated.

Download or read book Nanobiomaterials in Drug Delivery written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanobiomaterials in Drug Delivery: Applications of Nanobiomaterials presents novel approaches regarding nanostructured drug delivery systems, revealing the most investigated materials for the development of particular nanobioshuttles. This book brings the results of current research to reach those who wish to use this knowledge in an applied setting, providing one coherent text, with focused chapters and easily accessible information. At its core, it is a collection of titles, bringing together many of the novel applications these materials have in biology, also discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each application and the perspectives of the technologies based on these findings. At the moment, there is no other comparable book series covering all the subjects approached in this set of titles. Provides up-to-date and well-structured reference material for students, researchers, and practitioners working in the biomedical, biotechnological, and engineering fields Presents a valuable guide to recent scientific progress, along with most known applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical area Proposes novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine/nanobiology