Download or read book Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Electron Accepting Azadipyrromethene based Compounds written by Cassie M Daddario and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have garnered interest as a replacement for silicon based solar cells. The organic solar cells can be solution processable, lightweight and flexible structures. The bulk heterojunction active layer contains a donor and acceptor material. Fullerenes and its derivatives have been the most utilized acceptor material, due to its strong electron affinity and six reversible reduction potentials. However, due to its poor absorption in the visible to near-IR region and its limited tuning of energy levels, research has shifted to non-fullerene acceptors. Azadipyrromethene (ADP) is a chromophore with two reversible reduction potentials and good electron affinity. ADP has various areas for substitution and chelation to red-shift absorption spectra and tune energy levels, creating potential electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). ADP ligands substituted with thienylethynyl substituents either at the distal phenyl groups, H(CD1), or the proximal phenyl groups, H(CD2), were synthesized and characterized. The thienyl groups have a hexyl group at the third position to improve solubility in organic solvents and prevent homocoupling of the ethynylthiophene reactants. To further tune the optoelectronic properties, the substituted ADPs were coordinated with BF2+ and Zn(II). Absorption spectroscopy shows that the thienylethynyl substitutions red-shift the absorption spectra of the dyes 22 nm and 41 nm for distal and proximal substitution, respectively, with the larger shift when the substituents are added on the proximal phenyl groups. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that the substitutions stabilize the anion and dianion. The reduction potentials for the modified ligands (or zinc chelates) were not affected by the placement of the thienylethynyl groups. Preliminary studies of blends of the new zinc(II) chelates with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in films showcase significant fluorescence quenching of P3HT and a broad absorption spectra suggesting that the zinc(II) chelates have potential as electron acceptors for organic solar cells. Small internal reorganization energy is desirable for high-performance optoelectronic materials, as it facilitates both charge separation and charge transport. However, only a handful of n-type electron accepting materials are known to have small reorganization energies. DFT calculations were performed on a series of model molecules to predict reorganization energy, electron affinity, and energy levels. All compounds studied were most stable in their anionic state and had high electron affinity, indicating their potential as n-type electron accepting materials. The internal reorganization energies were relatively low due to the presence of substituents, such as electron withdrawing nitrile groups, or thienylethynyl and phenylethynyl substituents that extended conjugation. The homoleptic zinc(II) complexes had significantly lower reorganization energies than either the free ligands or the BF2+ chelates. The low reorganization energies of the zinc(II) complexes are explained by the large and rigid p conjugated system that extends across the two azadipyrromethene ligands via interligand p-p interactions. This work suggests that certain substitutions along with Zn(II) complexation are novel strategies for obtaining materials that combine low internal reorganization energy with high electron affinity for the development of novel n-type optoelectronic materials. Addition of electron withdrawing nitrile substituents at the p-distal phenyls for BF2+ chelate, 8 and zinc(II) chelate, 9, along with cyanophenylethynyl substitution at the pyrrolic position of Zn(ADP)2 analog, 13, was studied (Schemes 4-1 and 4-2). The nitrile group effectively lowered the energy levels of azadipyrromethene compared to unsubstituted ADP. The zinc(II) chelates had similar reduction and oxidation potentials compared to fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which is commonly used in BHJ solar cells. Substitution of nitrile groups at the p-distal phenyls of ADP, 8 and 9, gives a red-shift of 14 nm compared to unsubstituted ADP, 2 and 3 (Figure 4-4). Cyanophenylethynyl substitution in the pyrrolic position of ADP, 13, gives a blue-shift of 9 nm compared to non-cyanated phenylethynyl-ADP, 4 (Figure 4-4). Blend films of the zinc(II) complexes with P3HT give good visible to near-IR absorption. Additionally, the fluorescence of P3HT is quenched by the zinc complexes, indicating electron/energy transfer. These results suggest that with the nitrile substitution, the zinc(II) chelates may be a successful alternative to PCBM.

Download or read book Organic Optoelectronic Materials written by Yongfang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the latest trends in organic optoelectronic materials. Each comprehensive chapter allows graduate students and newcomers to the field to grasp the basics, whilst also ensuring that they have the most up-to-date overview of the latest research. Topics include: organic conductors and semiconductors; conducting polymers and conjugated polymer semiconductors, as well as their applications in organic field-effect-transistors; organic light-emitting diodes; and organic photovoltaics and transparent conducting electrodes. The molecular structures, synthesis methods, physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the organic optoelectronic materials are also introduced and described in detail. The authors also elucidate the structures and working mechanisms of organic optoelectronic devices and outline fundamental scientific problems and future research directions. This volume is invaluable to all those interested in organic optoelectronic materials.

Download or read book Gold Chemistry written by Fabian Mohr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-class authors, this most recent major book on the topic highlights new and current trends as well as future directions. It is comprehensive in its scope, covering all aspects of gold chemistry -- from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis, from supramolecular assemblies to sensors and medicinal applications. The result is an invaluable work for both organic and inorganic chemists working in universities and industry, as well as material scientists.

Download or read book Near Infrared Dyes for High Technology Applications written by S. Daehne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the results of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Syntheses, Optical Properties, and Applications of Near-Infrared (NIR) Dyes in High Technology Fields" held at Trest (Czech Republic) from September 24 to 27, 1997. It was attended by 52 scientists from 16 countries, among them 18 participants from 8 Eastern-Europe. The Workshop has been stimulated by the great progress that has been made in utilizing NIR dyes in high technology areas. This has been triggered by the availability of reliable. vel)' small, and inexpensive laser diodes emitting in the NIR region which raise the analytical detection limits by several orders of magnitude, allow time-resolved measurements for temporal discrimination between spectrally similar species, and make possible miniaturization as well as remote sensing through space and by fiber optical techniques. Furthermore, NIR dyes proved to be vel)' important in other high technology fields such as laser physics, optical recording techniques, nonlinear optics, biochemistty and medicine.

Download or read book Intermolecular and Surface Forces written by Jacob N. Israelachvili and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermolecular and Surface Forces describes the role of various intermolecular and interparticle forces in determining the properties of simple systems such as gases, liquids and solids, with a special focus on more complex colloidal, polymeric and biological systems. The book provides a thorough foundation in theories and concepts of intermolecular forces, allowing researchers and students to recognize which forces are important in any particular system, as well as how to control these forces. This third edition is expanded into three sections and contains five new chapters over the previous edition. - Starts from the basics and builds up to more complex systems - Covers all aspects of intermolecular and interparticle forces both at the fundamental and applied levels - Multidisciplinary approach: bringing together and unifying phenomena from different fields - This new edition has an expanded Part III and new chapters on non-equilibrium (dynamic) interactions, and tribology (friction forces)

Download or read book Materials for Optoelectronics written by Maurice Quillec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-01-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optoelectronics ranks one of the highest increasing rates among the different industrial branches. This activity is closely related to devices which are themselves extremely dependent on materials. Indeed, the history of optoelectronic devices has been following closely that of the materials. KLUWER Academic Publishers has thus rightly identified "Materials for Optoelectronics" as a good opportunity for a book in the series entitled "Electronic Materials; Science and Technology". Although a sound background in solid state physics is recommended, the authors have confined their contribution to a graduate student level, and tried to define any concept they use, to render the book as a whole as self-consistent as possible. In the first section the basic aspects are developed. Here, three chapters consider semiconductor materials for optoelectronics under various aspects. Prof. G. E. Stillman begins with an introduction to the field from the point of view of the optoelectronic market. Then he describes how III-V materials, especially the Multi Quantum Structures meet the requirements of optoelectronic functions, including the support of microelectronics for optoelectronic integrated circuits. In chapter 2, Prof.

Download or read book Endohedral Metallofullerenes written by Xing Lu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has increased dramatically during the last decade. Numerous research findings have been reported, making it an opportune time to provide a systematic update on EMFs. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Basics and Applications presents the most comprehensive review on all aspects of EMFs including their gen

Download or read book Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting written by Francois Kajzar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors written by Anna Köhler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first advanced textbook to provide a useful introduction in a brief, coherent and comprehensive way, with a focus on the fundamentals. After having read this book, students will be prepared to understand any of the many multi-authored books available in this field that discuss a particular aspect in more detail, and should also benefit from any of the textbooks in photochemistry or spectroscopy that concentrate on a particular mechanism. Based on a successful and well-proven lecture course given by one of the authors for many years, the book is clearly structured into four sections: electronic structure of organic semiconductors, charged and excited states in organic semiconductors, electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors, and fundamentals of organic semiconductor devices.

Download or read book Supramolecular Photosensitive and Electroactive Materials written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, much progress has been made in these materials. This book presents a highly coherent coverage of supramolecular, photosensitive and electroactive materials, namely those that have been extensively investigated for applications in fields of electronic and photonic technologies. This extensive reference provides broad coverage of on different types of materials, their processing, spectroscopic characterization, physical properties and device applications.The implications reach from molecular recognition in synthetic and natural complexes to exciting new applications in chemical technologies, materials, nanostructures, functional materials, new generation catalysts, signal transducers, medical and biomedical applications and novel separation techniques. All these applications rely on supramolecular properties such as molecular recognition, molecular information, and tailored molecular assemblies.This book is aimed to present a highly coherent coverage of supramolecular, photosenstive and electroactive materials and their applications in electronic and photonic technologies. The research behind these materials constitute some of the most actively pursued fields of science.Key Features* Covers supramolecular photosensitive and electroactive materials* Provides recent developments on metallophthalocyanines and polydiacetylenes* Include various types of supramolecular materials, their processing, fabrication, physical properties and device applications* Role of polyimides in microelectronic and tribology* Describes Photosynthetic and respiratory proteins, Dendrimers* A very special topic presented in a timely manner and in a format

Download or read book Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-20 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an excellent overview of the exciting new advances in nonlinear optical (NLO) materials and their applications in emerging photonics technologies. It is the first reference source available to cover every NLO material published through 1995! All theoretical approaches, measurement techniques, materials, technologies, and applications are covered. With more than 1,800 bibliographic citations, 324 figures, 218 tables, and 812 equations, this book is an invaluable reference source for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, scientists and engineers working in academia and industries in chemistry, solid-state physics, materials science, optical and polymer engineering, and computational science.

Download or read book BODIPY Dyes written by Jorge Bañuelos-Prieto and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, dye chemistry is a booming area of research. In particular, BODIPY fluorophore dyes are in the spotlight since their chromophore allows the design of tailor-made molecules for specific (bio)technological purposes. BODIPY Dyes: A Privilege Molecular Scaffold with Tunable Properties aims to highlight such chemical versatility and modulable photophysical and electrochemical properties. The second and the third chapter deal with BODIPYs in chemosensing and as labels for bioimaging. The fourth chapter focuses on their electroluminescence and redox properties, and their role in photocatalysis. The fifth chapter provides deeper insight into the degradation mechanisms in acid and basic media. The book aims to overview the state of the art of BODIPYs and inspire readers involved in dye chemistry.

Download or read book Organic Flexible Electronics written by Piero Cosseddu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Electronics is a novel field of electronics that has gained an incredible attention over the past few decades. New materials, device architectures and applications have been continuously introduced by the academic and also industrial communities, and novel topics have raised strong interest in such communities, as molecular doping, thermoelectrics, bioelectronics and many others.Organic Flexible Electronics is mainly divided into three sections. The first part is focused on the fundamentals of organic electronics, such as charge transport models in these systems and new approaches for the design and synthesis of novel molecules. The first section addresses the main challenges that are still open in this field, including the important role of interfaces for achieving high-performing devices or the novel approaches employed for improving reliability issues.The second part discusses the most innovative devices which have been developed in recent years, such as devices for energy harvesting, flexible batteries, high frequency circuits, and flexible devices for tattoo electronics and bioelectronics.Finally the book reviews the most important applications moving from more standard flexible back panels to wearable and textile electronics and more futuristic applications like ingestible systems. - Reviews the fundamental properties and methods for optimizing organic electronic materials including chemical doping and techniques to address stability issues - Discusses the most promising organic electronic devices for energy, electronics, and biomedical applications - Addresses key applications of organic electronic devices in imagers, wearable electronics, bioelectronics

Download or read book Electronic Processes in Ionic Crystals written by Sir Nevill Francis Mott and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liquid Crystals and Display Technology written by Morteza Sasani Ghamsari and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid crystals have attracted scientific attention for potential applications in advanced devices. Display technology is continuously growing and expanding and, as such, this book provides an overview of the most recent advances in liquid crystals and displays. Chapters cover such topics as nematic liquid crystals, active matrix organic light-emitting diodes, and tetradentate platinum(II) emitters, among others.

Download or read book Optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications written by Jai Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a semi-quantitative approach to recent developments in the study of optical properties of condensed matter systems Featuring contributions by noted experts in the field of electronic and optoelectronic materials and photonics, this book looks at the optical properties of materials as well as their physical processes and various classes. Taking a semi-quantitative approach to the subject, it presents a summary of the basic concepts, reviews recent developments in the study of optical properties of materials and offers many examples and applications. Optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications, 2nd Edition starts by identifying the processes that should be described in detail and follows with the relevant classes of materials. In addition to featuring four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry, the book covers: optical properties of disordered condensed matter and glasses; concept of excitons; photoluminescence, photoinduced changes, and electroluminescence in noncrystalline semiconductors; and photoinduced bond breaking and volume change in chalcogenide glasses. Also included are chapters on: nonlinear optical properties of photonic glasses; kinetics of the persistent photoconductivity in crystalline III-V semiconductors; and transparent white OLEDs. In addition, readers will learn about excitonic processes in quantum wells; optoelectronic properties and applications of quantum dots; and more. Covers all of the fundamentals and applications of optical properties of materials Includes theory, experimental techniques, and current and developing applications Includes four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry Appropriate for materials scientists, chemists, physicists and electrical engineers involved in development of electronic materials Written by internationally respected professionals working in physics and electrical engineering departments and government laboratories Optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications, 2nd Edition is an ideal book for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, and teaching and research professionals in the fields of physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, and materials engineering.

Download or read book Density Functional Methods for Excited States written by Nicolas Ferré and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students