Download or read book Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Imaging Probes for the Study of Glycosylation and Fatty Acid Uptake In Vivo written by Allison Stacey Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging represents a powerful method for advancing our understanding of biology. In particular, it has been used as a tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in vivo. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) represents one of the molecular imaging modalities and has been applied to the study of numerous processes in cells and in animals. However, there is a need for the design of new bioluminescence imaging probes for the study of several key metabolic processes. Activatable bioluminescence imaging probes represent an attractive approach to this problem and are the subject of this dissertation. Activatable bioluminescence imaging probes have several desirable characteristics, including high sensitivity and the ability to be triggered in response to various stimuli. In particular, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of activatable bioluminescence imaging probes for the study of two metabolic processes: glycosylation and fatty acid uptake. Specific emphasis is placed on the development of probes that have optimal properties for imaging of these processes in mice. Chapter 1 introduces the basics of bioluminescence imaging with an overview of the different luciferins and luciferases. The advantages of bioluminescence imaging are discussed. Additionally, the uses of bioluminescence imaging are reviewed. An emphasis is placed on activatable bioluminescence imaging probes, with two main types of stimuli discussed: enzymatic and small molecule. The potential of bioluminescence imaging for the study of two new biological processes, glycosylation and fatty acid uptake, is presented along with an overview of these two fields. In Chapter 2, the synthesis and evaluation of a bioluminescence imaging probe for the study of glycosylation is discussed. A phosphine-luciferin probe was designed to undergo Staudinger ligation with metabolically incorporated azidosugars. The probe was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to label cell-surface glycans in a luciferase-expressing prostate cancer cell line. The probe was able to successfully image these glycans and demonstrated higher sensitivity than other previously published fluorescent phosphine probes. Chapter 3 describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a bioluminescence imaging probe for the study of fatty acid uptake. The probe is activated inside of cells after uptake by fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs). The fatty-acid luciferin probe was synthesized and evaluated for physiological uptake in vitro using luciferase-expressing adipocytes. The probe was next tested in vivo using several modes of administration. Imaging of intestinal fatty acid uptake and uptake by brown adipose tissue (BAT) was demonstrated. In the next two chapters, we switch our focus and describe a different project involving the synthesis and use of peptoids. In Chapter 4, the design of novel architectures of peptoids is discussed. The synthesis of dendritic and cyclic peptoid architectures is presented using various diamine monomers. Several synthetic parameters were changed in order to gain an understanding and control of which architecture is ultimately obtained. Optimized conditions were found for synthesis of dendritic and cyclic architectures. Dendrimers composed of aromatic diamines were subsequently used in the synthesis of two classes of amphiphilic molecules. Chapter 5 discusses the synthesis and sequencing of combinatorial peptoid libraries. A number of amines were optimized for incorporation in peptoid libraries and three combinatorial libraries were synthesized. In addition, we report a rapid, high-throughput, sensitive, and inexpensive sequencing method for the identification of peptoids on a single bead. This method is based on partial Edman degradation/mass spectrometry (PED/MS) and should help facilitate the screening of large libraries of peptoids.
Download or read book Novel Molecular Probes for Non invasive Optical Imaging of Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Uptake in Living Animals written by Grigory Karateev and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 8437 de l'auteur: In vivo molecular imaging; bioluminescence imaging; near-infrared fluorescence imaging; molecular imaging probes; tumor imaging; indocyanine green; glioma; mastocytoma; image-guided surgery; fatty acids; triglycerides; lipid absorption; gut microbiota.
Download or read book Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel PET Probes for in Vivo Imaging of Cellular Senescence written by Jonathan Meyer Cotton and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Synthesis and Evaluation of Peptide based Probes for the Imaging of RHAMM Expressing Carcinoma and GLP 1R on Pancreatic Beta Cells written by Ashley Nicole K. Esarik and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptide-based probes are developed into imaging agents to target two different receptors: receptor for HA mediated motility (RHAMM) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R). In the first project, peptides are derived from tubulin and mimic HA (hyaluronan), the natural ligand of RHAMM. In order to develop the lead candidate peptides into imaging agents, a DOTA chelator which can coordinate a radiometal was coupled onto the lead peptides. Gallium labelling studies were performed and the labelled probes were used in in vivo mouse studies. Various analogues of two of the candidate peptides were also synthesized using bioisosteric, unnatural as well as natural amino acid replacements. They were incubated with RHAMM-coated magnetic/fluorescent beads and screened using a plate reader. This project resulted in the conclusion that the peptides containing only natural amino acids are not adequate imaging agents, but led to the discovery of novel peptides that have more potential as probes targeting RHAMM in vivo. In the second project, truncated GLP-1 analogues were synthesized and characterized. The unnatural amino acids, BIP 1 and BIP 2 were first synthesized before being incorporated into the peptides. The potential of the peptides were analyzed by binding assays which determine the IC50 and EC50. The two DOTA chelated peptides were coordinated with 68Ga and in vitro cell studies were performed. Ultimately, this research found an allosteric agonist for the GLP-1R which may have the potential to be a PET imaging probe to monitor type 2 diabetes.
Download or read book Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks written by Marcus Wilhelmsson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks focuses on the design of fluorescent probes for the four major families of macromolecular building blocks. Compiling the expertise of multiple authors, this book moves from introductory chapters to an exploration of the design, synthesis, and implementation of new fluorescent analogues of biomolecular building blocks, including examples of small-molecule fluorophores and sensors that are part of biomolecular assemblies.
Download or read book Carbohydrate Recognition written by Binghe Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains contributions from interdisciplinary scientists to collectively address the issue of targeting carbohydrate recognition for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The book covers (1) biological problems involving carbohydrate recognition, (2) structural factors mediating carbohydrate recognition, (3) design and synthesis of lectin mimics that recognize carbohydrate ligands with high specificity and affinity, and (4) modulation of biological and pathological processes through carbohydrate recognition.
Download or read book Noncanonical Amino Acids written by Edward A. Lemke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Download or read book Cellular Organelles written by Edward Bittar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-12-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this volume is to provide a synopsis of present knowledge of the structure, organisation, and function of cellular organelles with an emphasis on the examination of important but unsolved problems, and the directions in which molecular and cell biology are moving. Though designed primarily to meet the needs of the first-year medical student, particularly in schools where the traditional curriculum has been partly or wholly replaced by a multi-disciplinary core curriculum, the mass of information made available here should prove useful to students of biochemistry, physiology, biology, bioengineering, dentistry, and nursing. It is not yet possible to give a complete account of the relations between the organelles of two compartments and of the mechanisms by which some degree of order is maintained in the cell as a whole. However, a new breed of scientists, known as molecular cell biologists, have already contributed in some measure to our understanding of several biological phenomena notably interorganelle communication. Take, for example, intracellular membrane transport: it can now be expressed in terms of the sorting, targeting, and transport of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to another compartment. This volume contains the first ten chapters on the subject of organelles. The remaining four are in Volume 3, to which sections on organelle disorders and the extracellular matrix have been added.
Download or read book Carbohydrate based Drug Discovery written by Chi-Huey Wong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To exploit the full potential of this diverse compound class for the development of novel active substances, this handbook presents the latest knowledge on carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. While it is unique in covering the entire field, particular emphasis is placed on carbohydrates with pharmaceutical potential. Topics include the following: > Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrates > Carbohydrate Biosynthesis and Metabolism > Carbohydrate Analysis > Cellular Functions of Carbohydrates > Development of Carbohydrate-based Drugs A premier resource for carbohydrate chemists and drug developers, this comprehensive two-volume work contains contributions by more than 50 of the world's leading carbohydrate chemists.
Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation written by Hans G. Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book contains a comprehensive selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting pharmacological effects of potential drugs, including tests for cardiovascular, analgesic, psychotropic, metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, renal, and immunomodulatory activities. Each of the over 700 assays comprises a detailed protocol with the purpose and rationale of the method, a description of the experimental procedure, a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance, and pertinent references. Identification of specific tests is facilitated by the enclosed CD-ROM which allows for a quick and full text research. An appendix with guidelines and legal regulations for animal experiments in various countries will help to plan these experiments properly in accordance with the welfare of laboratory animals.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research pt A Subject access A H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enzyme Histochemistry written by Z. Lojda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent years enzyme histochemical reactions have increasingly been considered as important, the reason being that enzyme histo chemistry is now a well-established link between morphology and bio chemistry. The development of numerous new methods and in particular the improvement of existing techniques contributed to the expansion of enzyme histochemical reactions. Today, the use of these methods allows detailed insight into molecular processes of single cells and their constituents. The selection of a suitable method for enzyme histochemical investigations needs thorough knowledge and critical evaluation of the reactions de scribed for the histochemical demonstration of enzymes and introduced in laboratory practice. Often, it is difficult for scientists primarily concerned with the application of methods and for laboratory assistants to comment on the value of an enzyme histochemical reaction. Our book will serve as a guide in this respect. It contains the most important histochemical methods for the localization of enzymes, all of which were checked by the authors themselves. These methods were often modified and frequently used for numerous different investigations of healthy and diseased organs in basic research and in routine practice.
Download or read book Molecular Diagnostics Promises and Possibilities written by Mousumi Debnath and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
