Download or read book Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Palladium based Nanomaterials for Green Energy Applications written by Cassandra Kelly Ostrom and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Rising global energy consumption leads to increased environmental impacts. The continued use of current energy resources, e.g. fossil fuels, will exaggerate the cumulative nature of CO2 byproduct emissions in the atmosphere. The development and implementation of a hydrogen economy, as a solution to offset degradative environmental impacts, will likely enable opportunities for maintaining or improving standards of living while significantly lowering carbon emissions. Palladium has proven to be a strong contender as an enabling material that encompasses many aspects of a prospective hydrogen economy, lending promise to applications such as hydrogen purification, storage and fuel cell catalysis. In my M.Sc. study, Pd-based nanomaterials have been synthesized and examined for their applications in hydrogen storage and fuel cell catalysis. The surface properties of synthesized Pd-based nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 gas adsorption/desorption.

Download or read book Green Synthesis Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles written by Ashutosh Kumar Shukla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles shows how eco-friendly nanoparticles are engineered and used. In particular, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and other categories of nanoparticles are discussed. The book outlines a range of methodologies and explores the appropriate use of each. Characterization methods include spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction methods, but magnetic resonance methods are also included as they can be used to understand the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis using organisms. Applications covered include targeted drug delivery, water purification and hydrogen generation. This is an important research resource for those wishing to learn more about how eco-efficient nanoparticles can best be used. Theoretical details and mathematical derivations are kept to a necessary minimum to suit the need of interdisciplinary audiences and those who may be relatively new to the field. Explores recent trends in growth, characterization, properties and applications of nanoparticles Gives readers an understanding on how they are applied through the use of case studies and examples Assesses the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of synthesis and characterization techniques for green nanoparticles in different situations

Download or read book Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Catalysis Application written by Zipeng Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental issues have attracted more and more public attention. Fuel cell, which is an energy conversion device, consumes renewable fuel (hydrogen, methanol etc.) and oxygen to produce electricity. It holds broad application potential for future automobile vehicle and portable device. Electrochemistry catalysis plays a key role in fuel cell operation as all energy conversion reactions are based on electrochemistry catalysis. In present hydrogen based proton exchange membrane fuel cell, cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) demands significant larger amount of catalyst than hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at anode because the cathode ORR is six orders magnitude slower than anode HOR. Now days, Platinum is used as catalyst for ORR, the scarcity and precious feature of platinum contributes to the high cost of fuel cell system which is the biggest obstacle for fuel cell broad application. Non-platinum catalyst is under developing but far away from practical requirement. Thus, intensive research is focused on developing new Pt based catalyst with lower Pt loading, higher activity and longer life time. Inspired by ORR study on Pt75Ni25(111) single crystal electrode, my work is focused on developing octahedral PtNi, PtNiCo, and PtNiCu nano structures with exposed {111} facet. I developed a simple method for direct growth of PtNi octahedral nanostructure on carbon support. The advantage of prepared octahedral PtNi catalysts is the good dispersity on carbon support as well as bulk surfactant free surface. In ORR test, the prepared octahedral PtNi/C catalyst demonstrates at least 7.9 times mass activity (ORR activity normalized by Pt mass loading) compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. The method can also be extended for synthesis of PtNiCo and PtNiCu ternary alloy catalyst. By introducing Co2CO8 as precursor, which can release metallic cobalt during decomposition, cobalt co-reducing challenge during PtNi synthesis can be overcome. Thus, I developed a method for direct growth of PtNiCo ternary alloy catalyst with uniform elemental distribution on carbon support. The ORR test result demonstrates that ORR activity can be optimized by composition tuning for PtNiCo ternary catalyst. It is noted that alloying Pt with transition metal can improve the ORR activity of Pt. The transition metal retention is important for catalyst stability because transition metal content is critical for ORR activity. I find with the present of Cu, octahedral PtNiCu ternary nanostructure can retain more transition metal than octahedral PtNi, leading to the improved activity after catalyst activation and better stability. The PtNiCu shows at least 13.2 times mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C. Furthermore, octahedral PtNiCu shows significantly improved stability (mass activity retention) compared to commercial Pt/C. In addition to ORR catalysis, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is also important for hydrogen fuel cell broad application. HER is a potentially carbon dioxide emission free route for hydrogen mass production, holds the environmental advantage especially compared to current main industrial hydrogen production routes using natural gas as source. Thus, HER also attracts broad research interests as an electrochemistry catalysis. In my work, octahedral PtNiCu shows significantly improved both activity and stability compared to octahedral PtNi as well as commercial Pt/C for HER catalysis in alkaline electrolyte. The phenomenon can be explained as the addition Cu modified surface d-band structure thus optimized HO binding on catalyst surface, which is an important reaction intermediate for HER in alkaline media. Direct methanol fuel cell holds advantage for powering future portable device due to its high theoretical potential and energy density. However, it is currently limited by the slow kinetics of the anode methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), which is also an electrochemistry catalysis. In my work, stable palladium hydride nanomaterials is developed, which showed large Pd-Pd distance compared to palladium alone. The increased Pd-Pd distance can weaken the binding for carbon monoxide molecules on surface Pd atoms, which is predicted by previous theoretical study and demonstrated experimentally in this work. As a result, palladium hydride nanomaterials show better MOR activity than palladium nanomaterials with same morphology. It is also first time the catalytic characteristic of palladium hydride nanomaterials is reported.

Download or read book Electrochemical Biosensors written by Serge Cosnier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy

Download or read book Electrochemistry of Palladium with Emphasis on Size Dependent Electrochemistry of Water Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles written by Ashok Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palladium metal in its various forms has been heavily studied for many catalytic, hydrogen storage and sensing applications and as an electrocatalyst in fuel cells. A short review on various applications of palladium and the mechanism of Pd nanoparticles synthesis will be discussed in chapter 1. Size dependent properties of various metal nanoparticles and a thermodynamic theory proposed by Plieth to predict size dependent redox properties of metal nanoparticles will also be discussed in chapter 1. To evaluate size dependent stability of metal nanoparticles using electrochemical techniques in aqueous media, a synthetic route was designed to produce water soluble Pd nanoparticles. Also, a purification technique was developed to obtain monodisperse metal nanoparticles to study size dependent stability using electrochemical methods. Chapter 2 will describe in detail the synthesis, characterization and size dependent anodic dissolution studies of water soluble palladium nanoparticles.The cost associated with using expensive metal catalysts can further decreased by using the underpotential deposition (UPD) technique, in which one metal is electrodeposited in monolayer or submonolayer form on a different metal substrate. Electrochemically, this process can be detected by the presence of a deposition peak positive to the bulk deposition potential in a cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment. The difference between the bulk deposition potential and underpotential deposition peak (i.e. the UPD shift), which is a measure of the energetics of the monolayer deposition step, depends on the work function difference between the metal pairs. Chapter 3 will explore how metal nanoparticles of different sizes will change the energetics of the UPD phenomenon, using the UPD of Cu on palladium nanoparticles as an example. It will be shown that the UPD shift depends on the size of the nanoparticle substrate in a way that is understandable based on the Plieth model.High electrocatalytic activity of palladium towards ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium makes it an ideal candidate for the anode electrocatalyst in direct ethanol based fuel cells (DEFCs). Chapter 4 will explore the poisoning of the catalytic activity of palladium in the presence of halide impurities, often used in synthesis of palladium nanoparticles as precursors or shape directing agents.

Download or read book Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles describes the most interesting and investigated biomedical applications of nanoparticles, emphasizing their therapeutic impact. Progress made in the therapy of severe diseases, such as cancer and difficult infections is strictly correlated to the scientific progress and technological development in the field of materials science. Nanoparticles have numerous therapeutic applications, starting with the design of new drugs, delivery systems, therapeutic materials, and their contribution to the development of preventive strategies. The book highlights the impact of nanoparticles on the therapy of infections, antimicrobial effect and also anti-cancer strategies. Successful examples are given throughout the book, along with analysis in order to improve future outcomes of novel therapies. Highlights the term nanotherapeutics and presents several classifications of nanotherapeutics from different points-of-view Presents the recent progress related to nanotherapeutics in the oral cavity Provides the recent progress in the field of biomedical nanoparticles

Download or read book Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Pd and Pt Based Nanostructured Materials written by Shuai Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by R. G. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA

Download or read book Synthesis of Palladium based Electrocatalysis from Pure Metal to Bimetallic Nanoparticles written by Haijun Gao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on synthesis and characterization of palladium-based nanoparticles. Background information of the research in this thesis is provided in Chapter 1. Preparation and characterization of pure palladium nanoparticles are presented in Chapter 2. A fast and convenient method to prepare ultra small Pd nanoparticles via Pluronic P123 reduction is discussed in detail. Impregnation method and poly method are also studied in this chapter. Chapter 3 reports the studies of these methods to prepare ultra small bimetallic (bimetallic means a mixture of two metals) palladium-based nanoparticles. Oleylamine-mediated method used Pd nanoparticles prepared via P123 reduction as precursor. Ultra small palladium-based nanoparticles are prepared in this way. With the assistance of trioctylphosphine complex as precursor, tiny palladium-based bimetallic nanoparticles can be prepared with certain structure. The structure of these bimetallic nanoparticles gives a better electrochemical activity than pure palladium nanoparticles. When loaded on mesoporous carbon, these tiny trioctylphosphine-assisted palladium nanoparticles displayed good thermal stability.

Download or read book A Study of Bimetallic Palladium and Copper Electrocatalysts for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Formate and Reduction of CO2 Into Formate and Ethylene written by Wei Jyun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on fuel cells using formate (HCOO-) and the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into HCOO- and ethylene. HCOO- has been considered as one of those promising alternative energy carriers, which can be fed into a direct HCOO- fuel cell (DFFC) to generate electricity via the HCOO- oxidation (FO) reaction (FOR). Moreover, HCOO- can be produced via the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2R). This makes possible the development of a sustainable, regenerative energy system combining an eCO2R unit and a DFFC to produce electricity with net zero CO2 emission. Furthermore, HCOO- can be fed into an electrochemical reforming reactor to produce hydrogen (H) via FOR. In addition, CO2 can also be reused to produce valuable C2 compounds such as ethanol, ethylene etc., which are conventionally produced via energy-intensive processes. Amongst catalysts, palladium (Pd) is one of the few metals that can be used for both, the FOR and the eCO2R into HCOO- (eCO2RF) at low overpotential. For the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds (eCO2RC2), multiple studies have focused on using copper (Cu) as the electrocatalyst. However, the low current density and high cost of Pd prohibit its application as an electrocatalyst at the industrial scale. In this research, we investigated two nano-catalysts aiming to improve the catalytic activity of Pd-based materials for the FOR and eCO2RF. This was achieved by modifying the electronic surface property of the catalysts via synthesizing bimetallic Pd-based nanoparticles (NPs). Carbon supported CuPd (CuPd/C), Iron Iron Oxide (Fe FeOx) supported Pd (Fe FeOx/Pd) NPs were prepared via the adsorbate-induced surface segregation method and the successive salt reduction method, respectively. The eCO2RC2 were also investigated on the surface with different electronic properties: aluminum (Al), Cu, Cu (I) oxide (Cu2O), Cu (II) oxide (CuO), stainless steel 304, and titanium (Ti). Finally, since C2 compounds can also be used as fuel to generate H2, we have studied the oxidation of ethanol using the caustic aqueous phase electrochemical reforming process, which converts liquid oxygenated hydrocarbons at high-pressure to high purity H2. This process captures the produced CO2 within the electrolyte solution producing a near-zero CO2 emission.

Download or read book Synthesis and Application of Palladium Nanomaterials for Sensing and Catalysis written by Jianli Zou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Palladium (Pd) nanomaterials have received considerable research interests in hydrogen purification, hydrogen sensing and catalysis. For these large scale industrial applications, the development of a feasible synthetic method is paramount. To this end, a scalable method to synthesise Pd nanomaterials under continuously fluidic flow at room temperature using hydrogen gas as a reducing agent has been developed. Spinning Disc Processing (SDP) as a platform of continuous flow provided an intense micro-mixing on a rapidly rotating disc, which facilitated hydrogen gas reducing Pd(II) to Pd(0) in seconds. Three different Pd based nano-materials have been synthesised using SDP, namely, surfactant free Pd bare nano-rosettes, Pd-PVP nanospheres, and Pd-Cellulose nanocomposites. The application of the three different aforementioned Pd nano-structures in hydrogen gas sensing has been explored. 1. Pd bare nano-rosette structure possessed a high surface-to-volume ratio that rendered an abundance of active surface available for hydrogen adsorption. These bare Pd nano-rosettes were devoid of the possible lag in response time caused by a passivated Pd surface which facilitated real time hydrogen gas sensing compared with surfactant stabilised Pd nanomaterials. 2. Pd-PVP nanospheres were synthesised in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP). Here, PVP acted as scaffold holding a large number of Pd nanocrystals together into a 3-dimentional sphere. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen in this case induced a Mott insulator to metal like transition in a Pd nanosphere which was observed for the first time. These Pd-PVP nanospheres showed a decrease in current at low concentration of hydrogen gas and an increase in current when hydrogen concentration was above 2%. These findings are important in the development of next generation nanomaterials based electronic switches and sensors. 3. Pd- SCMC nanocomposites were synthesised in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC). The ratio of SCMC to Pd not only played a key role in determining the morphology of the Pd- SCMC nanocomposites, also affected the response to hydrogen in sensing applications...

Download or read book Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Applications and Prospects written by Quaiser Saquib and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-19 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes various strategies for the synthesis of green nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes, including the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and their applications. After discussing strategies for and the potential of green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, it highlights the role of the solvent system. The book then explores the stability/toxicity of nanoparticles and the associated-surface engineering techniques for achieving biocompatibility, and examines the antimicrobial efficacy of green nanoparticles with regard to various bacterial pathogens, as well as the underlying cytotoxicity mechanisms. Lastly, the book addresses the potential applications of various green nanoparticles in cancer theranostics, and reviews a number of plant-mediated nanoparticles as potential pharmaceutical agents. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all scientists and students wanting to learn more about the synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles.

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Green Energy written by Bharat A. Bhanvase and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Green Energy focuses on the synthesis, characterization and application of novel nanomaterials in the fields of green science and technology. This book contains fundamental information about the properties of novel nanomaterials and their application in green energy. In particular, synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials, their application in solar and fuel cells and batteries, and nanomaterials for a low-toxicity environment are discussed. It will provide an important reference resource for researchers in materials science and renewable energy who wish to learn more about how nanomaterials are used to create cheaper, more efficient green energy products. Provides fundamental information about the properties and application of new low-cost nanomaterials for green energy Shows how novel nanomaterials are used to create more efficient solar cells Offers solutions to common problems related to the use of materials in the development of energy- related technologies

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Based Carbon Nanostructure composites and Their Clean energy Application written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Green Synthesis written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book focusses on green chemistry as the research community endeavours to create eco-friendly materials and technologies. It provides an in-depth overview of the fundamentals, key concepts and experimental techniques for eco-friendly synthesis of organic compounds and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles/nanomaterials. It also emphasizes the mechanisms, designing and industrial technologies for green synthesis and its applications. Each chapter brings the recent developments, state of the art, challenges and perspectives which cover all the aspects in one place, and which concern the green synthesis and evolution. Authored by world-renowned experts in a broad range of green chemistry sectors, this book is an archival reference guide for researchers, engineers, scientists and postgraduates working in the field of sustainable science, green chemistry, environmental science, engineering sciences and industrial technologies.

Download or read book Synthesis and Study of Palladium containing Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Technologies written by Brian D. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adsorption of the catalytically poisoning species, carbon monoxide, was also examined on Pd, PdPt, and PdAu nanostructures. The relative quantities of CO molecules adsorbed to surface of the catalysts decrease in the order of: PdPt > Pd > PdAu. It was found that the possible adsorption sites of CO can be tuned by alloying Pd with metals to which CO has different binding strengths. The work done in this thesis shows that by alloying Pd with other metals, both geometric and electronic properties are changed drastically. This has a major influence on the applications of Pd for hydrogen technologies."--from Abstract.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Electrochemical Studies of Novel Platinum based Nanomaterials written by University of Guelph. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: