Download or read book Synthesis and Development of Processes for the Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases Part 1 Development of a High temperature Process for Removal of H2S from Coal Gas Using Limestone Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Part 2 Development of a Zero emissions Process for Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gas Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limestone can be used more effectively as a sorbent for H2S in high-temperature gas-cleaning applications if it is prevented from undergoing calcination. Sorption of H2S by limestone is impeded by sintering of the product CaS layer. Sintering of CaS is catalyzed by CO2, but is not affected by N2 or H2. The kinetics of CaS sintering was determined for the temperature range 750--900°C. When hydrogen sulfide is heated above 600°C in the presence of carbon dioxide elemental sulfur is formed. The rate-limiting step of elemental sulfur formation is thermal decomposition of H2S. Part of the hydrogen thereby produced reacts with CO2, forming CO via the water-gas-shift reaction. The equilibrium of H2S decomposition is therefore shifted to favor the formation of elemental sulfur. The main byproduct is COS, formed by a reaction between CO2 and H2S that is analogous to the water-gas-shift reaction. Smaller amounts of SO2 and CS2 also form. Molybdenum disulfide is a strong catalyst for H2S decomposition in the presence of CO2. A process for recovery of sulfur from H2S using this chemistry is as follows: Hydrogen sulfide is heated in a high-temperature reactor in the presence of CO2 and a suitable catalyst. The primary products of the overall reaction are S2, CO, H2 and H2O. Rapid quenching of the reaction mixture to roughly 600°C prevents loss Of S2 during cooling. Carbonyl sulfide is removed from the product gas by hydrolysis back to CO2 and H2S. Unreacted CO2 and H2S are removed from the product gas and recycled to the reactor, leaving a gas consisting chiefly of H2 and CO, which recovers the hydrogen value from the H2S. This process is economically favorable compared to the existing sulfur-recovery technology and allows emissions of sulfur-containing gases to be controlled to very low levels.

Download or read book Synthesis and Development of Processes for the Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases written by Gavin Paul Towler and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis and Development of Processes for the Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases Part 1 Development of a High temperature Process for Removal of H sub 2 S from Coal Gas Using Limestone Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Part 2 Development of a Zero emissions Process for Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gas Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limestone can be used more effectively as a sorbent for H2S in high-temperature gas-cleaning applications if it is prevented from undergoing calcination. Sorption of H2S by limestone is impeded by sintering of the product CaS layer. Sintering of CaS is catalyzed by CO2, but is not affected by N2 or H2. The kinetics of CaS sintering was determined for the temperature range 750--900°C. When hydrogen sulfide is heated above 600°C in the presence of carbon dioxide elemental sulfur is formed. The rate-limiting step of elemental sulfur formation is thermal decomposition of H2S. Part of the hydrogen thereby produced reacts with CO2, forming CO via the water-gas-shift reaction. The equilibrium of H2S decomposition is therefore shifted to favor the formation of elemental sulfur. The main byproduct is COS, formed by a reaction between CO2 and H2S that is analogous to the water-gas-shift reaction. Smaller amounts of SO2 and CS2 also form. Molybdenum disulfide is a strong catalyst for H2S decomposition in the presence of CO2. A process for recovery of sulfur from H2S using this chemistry is as follows: Hydrogen sulfide is heated in a high-temperature reactor in the presence of CO2 and a suitable catalyst. The primary products of the overall reaction are S2, CO, H2 and H2O. Rapid quenching of the reaction mixture to roughly 600°C prevents loss Of S2 during cooling. Carbonyl sulfide is removed from the product gas by hydrolysis back to CO2 and H2S. Unreacted CO2 and H2S are removed from the product gas and recycled to the reactor, leaving a gas consisting chiefly of H2 and CO, which recovers the hydrogen value from the H2S. This process is economically favorable compared to the existing sulfur-recovery technology and allows emissions of sulfur-containing gases to be controlled to very low levels.

Download or read book Processes for Recovering Sulfur from Secondary Source Materials written by Bertram K. Shibler and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process for Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elemental sulfur is recovered from the H.sub. 2 S present in gases derived from fossil fuels by heating the H.sub. 2 S with CO.sub. 2 in a high-temperature reactor in the presence of a catalyst selected as one which enhances the thermal dissociation of H.sub. 2 S to H.sub. 2 and S.sub. 2. The equilibrium of the thermal decomposition of H.sub. 2 S is shifted by the equilibration of the water-gas-shift reaction so as to favor elemental sulfur formation. The primary products of the overall reaction are S.sub. 2, CO, H.sub. 2 and H.sub. 2 O. Small amounts of COS, SO.sub. 2 and CS.sub. 2 may also form. Rapid quenching of the reaction mixture results in a substantial increase in the efficiency of the conversion of H.sub. 2 S to elemental sulfur. Plant economy is further advanced by treating the product gases to remove byproduct carbonyl sulfide by hydrolysis, which converts the COS back to CO.sub. 2 and H.sub. 2 S. Unreacted CO.sub. 2 and H.sub. 2 S are removed from the product gas and recycled to the reactor, leaving a gas consisting chiefly of H.sub. 2 and CO, which has value either as a fuel or as a chemical feedstock and recovers the hydrogen value from the H.sub. 2 S.

Download or read book Sulfuric Acid Versus Elemental Sulfur as By products written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sulfur Removal and Recovery from Industrial Processes written by John B. Pfeiffer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-07-31 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevention of over-exploitation and the efficient use of natural resources are key goals of environmental managment in Industry. Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery presents the reader with technical, ecological and economical aspects of gaseous effluent treatment and resource recovery. Practical experience from industry and agriculture is presented, the role of newly developed advanced technology in future recycling of gas streams discussed and attention given to criteria for sustainability in gas treatment. Detailed analysis of material flows, novel process applications and bioreactor designs, odour quantification and removal process techniques and European legislations for waste gas discharge and recovery are highlights of the extensive and comprehensive coverage of this book. Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery will enable production, process and environmental engineers and managers to evaluate internal recycling possibilities, which contribute to an economically and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes with reduced pollution loads and waste gas volumes. Analysis of material flows, e.g. the development of methodologies and techniques to monitor the use and flow of materials on a life cycle basis Novel process applications and bioreactor designs for resource recovery from waste gases Odour quantification techniques and novel odour removal processes European dimension of polluted gas streams and the European legislation for waste gas discharges and recovery

Download or read book Acid Waste Gas Biodesulfurization written by Ruta Garunas and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxidation Processes in the Recovery of Sulfur Dioxide from Waste Gases written by William Ernest West and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gas Purification written by Arthur L. Kohl and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1985 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Continuous Catalytic Process for Recovery of Sulfur from Gas Containing Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide microform written by Tushar Kanti Ghosh and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1985 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process Simulation and Software Development for Sulfur Recovery Processes written by Jeng-Shin Chou and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from coal gasifier gas and sulfur recovery are key steps in the development of Department of Energy's (DOE's) advanced power plants that produce electric power and clean transportation fuels with coal and natural gas. These plants will require highly clean coal gas with H2S below 1 ppmv and negligible amounts of trace contaminants such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, alkali, heavy metals, and particulate. The conventional method of sulfur removal and recovery employing amine, Claus, and tail-gas treatment is very expensive. A second generation approach developed under DOE's sponsorship employs hot-gas desulfurization (HGD) using regenerable metal oxide sorbents followed by Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP). However, this process sequence does not remove trace contaminants and is targeted primarily towards the development of advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants that produce electricity (not both electricity and transportation fuels). There is an immediate as well as long-term need for the development of cleanup processes that produce highly clean coal gas for next generation power plants. To this end, a novel process is now under development at several research organizations in which the H2S in coal gas is directly oxidized to elemental sulfur over a selective catalyst. Such a process is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H2S In the Single-Step Sulfur Recovery Process (SSRP), the direct oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur in the presence of SO2 is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H2S. This direct oxidation process has the potential to produce a super clean coal gas more economically than both conventional amine-based processes and HGD/DSRP. The H2 and CO components of syngas appear to behave as inert with respect to sulfur formed at the SSRP conditions. One problem in the SSRP process that needs to be eliminated or minimized is COS formation that may occur due to reaction of CO with sulfur formed from the Claus reaction. The objectives of this research are to formulate monolithic catalysts for removal of H2S from coal gases and minimum formation of COS with monolithic catalyst supports, [gamma]-alumina wash coat, and catalytic metals, to develop a regeneration method for a deactivated monolithic catalyst, to measure kinetics of both direct oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur with SO2 as an oxidizer and formation of COS in the presence of a simulated coal gas mixture containing H2, CO, CO2, and moisture, using a monolithic catalyst reactor. The task of developing kinetic rate equations and modeling the direct oxidation process to assist in the design of large-scale plants will be abandoned since formulation of catalysts suitable for the removal of H2S and COS is being in progress. This heterogeneous catalytic reaction has gaseous reactants such as H2S and SO2. However, this heterogeneous catalytic reaction has heterogeneous products such as liquid elemental sulfur and steam. Experiments on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS were carried out for the space time range of 46-570 seconds under reaction conditions to formulate catalysts suitable for the removal of H2S and COS from coal gases and evaluate their capabilities in reducing hydrogen sulfide and COS in coal gases. Simulated coal gas mixtures consist of 3,200-4,000-ppmv hydrogen sulfide, 1,600-20,000-ppmv sulfur dioxide, 18-27 v% hydrogen, 29-41 v% CO, 8-12 v% CO2, 0-10 vol % moisture, and nitrogen as remainder. Volumetric feed rates of simulated coal gas mixtures to the reactor are 30 - 180 cm3/min at 1 atm and 25 C (SCCM). The temperature of the reactor is controlled in an oven at 120-155 C. The pressure of the reactor is maintained at 40-210 psia. The molar ratio of H2S to SO2 in the monolithic catalyst reactor is maintained approximately at 2 for all the reaction experiment runs.

Download or read book Process Evaluation written by Andrew Kuklis and published by . This book was released on 1969* with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts written by K. C. Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) from coal gasifier gas and sulfur recovery are key steps in the development of Department of Energy's (DOE's) advanced power plants that produce electric power and clean transportation fuels with coal and natural gas. These plants will require highly clean coal gas with H{sub 2}S below 1 ppmv and negligible amounts of trace contaminants such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, alkali, heavy metals, and particulate. The conventional method of sulfur removal and recovery employing amine, Claus, and tail-gas treatment is very expensive. A second generation approach developed under DOE's sponsorship employs hot-gas desulfurization (HGD) using regenerable metal oxide sorbents followed by Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP). However, this process sequence does not remove trace contaminants and is targeted primarily towards the development of advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants that produce electricity (not both electricity and transportation fuels). There is an immediate as well as long-term need for the development of cleanup processes that produce highly clean coal gas for next generation power plants. To this end, a novel process is now under development at several research organizations in which the H{sub 2} in coal gas is directly oxidized to elemental sulfur over a selective catalyst. Such a process is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H{sub 2}S In the Single-Step Sulfur Recovery Process (SSRP), the direct oxidation of H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur in the presence of SO{sub 2} is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H{sub 2}S. This direct oxidation process has the potential to produce a super clean coal gas more economically than both conventional amine-based processes and HGD/DSRP. The H{sub 2} and CO components of syngas appear to behave as inert with respect to sulfur formed at the SSRP conditions. One problem in the SSRP process that needs to be eliminated or minimized is COS formation that may occur due to reaction of CO with sulfur formed from the Claus reaction. The objectives of this research are to formulate monolithic catalysts for removal of H{sub 2}S from coal gases and minimum formation of COS with monolithic catalyst supports, {gamma}-alumina wash or carbon coats, and catalytic metals, to develop a catalytic regeneration method for a deactivated monolithic catalyst, to measure kinetics of both direct oxidation of H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur with SO{sub 2} as an oxidizer and formation of COS in the presence of a simulated coal gas mixture containing H{sub 2}, CO, CO{sub 2}, and moisture, using a monolithic catalyst reactor, and to develop kinetic rate equations and model the direct oxidation process to assist in the design of large-scale plants. This heterogeneous catalytic reaction has gaseous reactants such as H{sub 2}S and SO{sub 2}. However, this heterogeneous catalytic reaction has heterogeneous products such as liquid elemental sulfur and steam. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives using a monolithic catalyst reactor, experiments on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS were carried out for the space time range of 40-560 seconds at 120-150 C to evaluate effects of reaction temperatures, total pressure, space time, and catalyst regeneration on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS. Simulated coal gas mixtures consist of 3,600-4,000-ppmv hydrogen sulfide, 1,800-2,000 ppmv sulfur dioxide, 23-27 v% hydrogen, 36-41 v% CO, 10-12 v% CO{sub 2}, 0-10 vol % moisture, and nitrogen as remainder. Volumetric feed rates of a simulated coal gas mixture to the reactor are 30-180 SCCM. The temperature of the reactor is controlled in an oven at 120-150 C. The pressure of the reactor is maintained at 40-210 psia. The molar ratio of H{sub 2}S to SO{sub 2} in the monolithic catalyst reactor is maintained approximately at 2 for all the reaction experiment runs.