Download or read book Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by Rhizopus stolonifer and its activity against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus written by Afreen Banu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-06-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Chemistry - Other, Gulbarga University (Microbiology Dept), course: Ph.D, language: English, abstract: This study reports the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Rhizopus stolonifer and its efficacy against multidrug resistant (MDR) E.coli and S.aureus isolated from Khwaja Bande Nawas Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using fungal filtrate of R.stolonifer and an aqueous solution of AgNO3. The characterization of AgNPs was made by UV-Visible absorption Spectroscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersed Spectroscope (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). TEM micrograph revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with size ranging between 3 to 20 nm. Atomic force microscopy gives the three dimensional structure of the particles. The presence of proteins was detected by FTIR spectroscopy. Three dimensional structure of AgNPs was studied by AFM. AgNPs produced by R.stolonifer gave good antibacterial activity against clinical isolates which were multidrug resistant. Here we report the efficacy of mycogenic metal nanosilver against MDR strains which is difficult through conventional chemotherapy.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Rhizopus Stolonifer and Its Activity Against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli and S written by Afreen Banu and published by . This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2011 in the subject Chemistry - Other, grade: -, Gulbarga University (Microbiology Dept), course: Ph.D, language: English, abstract: This study reports the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Rhizopus stolonifer and its efficacy against multidrug resistant (MDR) E.coli and S.aureus isolated from Khwaja Bande Nawas Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using fungal filtrate of R.stolonifer and an aqueous solution of AgNO3. The characterization of AgNPs was made by UV-Visible absorption Spectroscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersed Spectroscope (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). TEM micrograph revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with size ranging between 3 to 20 nm. Atomic force microscopy gives the three dimensional structure of the particles. The presence of proteins was detected by FTIR spectroscopy. Three dimensional structure of AgNPs was studied by AFM. AgNPs produced by R.stolonifer gave good antibacterial activity against clinical isolates which were multidrug resistant. Here we report the efficacy of mycogenic metal nanosilver against MDR strains which is difficult through conventional chemotherapy.
Download or read book Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Mirabilis jalapa and evaluation of antioxidant activity written by Rathi C.R and published by Prem Jose. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mirabilis jalapa is one of the medicinally important shrubs used in traditional medicine, belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae and commonly called as 4’O clock plant. M. jalapa plant extract contains biologically active substances that exhibit microbicidal or microstatic effects against various diseases causing microbes. The plant has high medicinal properties such that the indigenous people of Mexico use it to cure many infirmities including dysentery, diarrhoea, muscular pain and abdominal colic. It is used for the treatment of various infections. Parts of the plant are used to combat dyspepsia and other digestive disorders. The extract of yellow, red color flower variety and green leaf of M. jalapa can be used as natural food color instead of artificial color. The main advantage of using these plant extracts are they have high antimicrobial and have high antioxidant activity. It has the capacity to resist the bacteria like Bacillus, Salmonella, Klebsiella, E coli, Staphylococcus with the help of Silver nanoparticles. The plant has also proved to possess antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000nm. The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a nanoparticle matrix. Depending upon the method of preparation, nanoparticles, nanospheres or nanocapsules can be obtained. Nanocapsules are systems in which the drug is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer membrane, while nanospheres are matrix systems in which the drug is physically and uniformly dispersed. Antioxidants are used as food additives to help guard against food deterioration. Exposure to oxygen and sunlight are the two main factors in the oxidation of food, so food is preserved by keeping in the dark and sealing it in containers or even coating it in wax, as with cucumbers. However, as oxygen is also important for plant respiration, storing plant materials in anaerobic conditions produces unpleasant flavours and unappealing colors. Consequently, packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables contains an ~8% oxygen atmosphere.
Download or read book Principles of Nanotechnology written by G. Ali Mansoori and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Gives unified presentation of many of the major principles in nanotechnology: molecular-based study of condensed matter in small systems. - Authored by an expert in the molecular-based study of matter - Accessible to students, yet of interest to experts - Emphasizes the intrinsic beauty of methods of bottom-up nanotechnology - Includes many full-color figures
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles written by Daniel L. Fedlheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Synthesis Techniques of Silver Nanoparticles written by Humaira Khatoon and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern days, Nanotechnology is in wide use in various domains of science. It deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension. It is often used in medical chemistry, atomic physics and other scientific disciplines. The synthesis of nanomaterials is of current interest due to their wide variety of applications in fields such as electronics, photonics, catalysis, medicine etc. The applications of nanotechnology are growing because matter at the nanometer scale has different properties compared with the bulk state. For this reason, many research groups around the world are testing new methods of synthesis of different materials at the nanoscale. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the subject matter of researchers due to their unique properties (e.g. size and shape depending on optical, antimicrobial and electrical properties).
Download or read book Silver Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery written by Prashant Kesharwani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silver Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery is a complete reference that provides comprehensive coverage of the principle behind the formation, characterization, application, regulation, toxicity, and challenges and future perspectives of silver nanoparticles in drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases. Sections cover the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), historical introductions to developments, methods and characterization parameters, green and biological synthesis methods, biofate and cellular interactions of AgNPs, drug delivery for the treatment of several diseases and conditions, targeting strategies, applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and much more. This is a complete reference for graduate students in nanotechnology drug delivery. Delivers the complete journey of silver nanoparticles in drug delivery, from the fundamentals to the most recent applications Provides an in-depth novel application of silver nanoparticles in biological milieu Presents a vital source for researchers in silver nanoparticles based targeted drug delivery, nanomedicine and engineering
Download or read book Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Extracts and Their Evaluation Against Antibiotic Resistant Strains of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus written by Simasiku Sinvula and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is of great concern that bacteria are forming resistance to common antibiotics meant to prevent or cure them. For this reason, researchers are engaged in synthesis of nanoparticles using medicinal plants to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The aim of the study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using M. oleifera extracts and compare antibacterial activities of AgNPs prepared in M. oleifera extracts with AgNPs of common antibiotics (penicillin G and streptomycin) against antibiotic resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Disc diffusion method was used for initial screening of antibacterial activities and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Formation of AgNPs was confirmed by colour change from pale yellow to dark brown-black. UV-vis spectra analysis showed maximum peak of 400-440 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups, as well as C-N and C-O bonds that might be responsible for capping, stabilizing and reducing AgNPs. SEM analysis revealed crystalline AgNPs with mean average size of 46.49 ± 0.73 nm to 60.96 ± 1.17 nm. The combination of AgNPs with antibiotics showed better antibacterial activities as compared to AgNPs alone and streptomycin alone. Lowest MIC values were 12.5 mg/mL, 1.56 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL for Mo-AgNPs, Mo-AgNPs-Penicillin G and Mo-AgNPs-streptomycin combination respectively. It can then be concluded that M. oleifera has strong potential for synthesis of AgNPs, and combination of AgNPs with common antibiotics sheds light in the direction of decreasing odds of antibiotic resistance development of these pathogens.
Download or read book Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Stingless bee Trigona iridipennis Smith honey and evaluation of their antibacterial activity written by Prem Jose Vazhacharickal and published by Prem Jose. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science. It has increased applications in diverse area for the development of new materials at nanoscale levels. Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods is referred as greener synthesis of nanoparticles. Green synthesis provides advancement over chemical and physical method as it is cost effective, environment friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Stingless bees are highly social (eusocial) insects which populated the tropical earth 65 million years ago longer than honey bees. Among the most common uses of stingless bee honey are to treat stomach disturbance, cough, tonsillitis, sore throat, stomach and intestinal ulcers, cold, disease of the mouth, mucus membrane, and as a wound dressing due to its antimicrobial activity. Stingless bees honey were used to for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity of the green synthesised nanoparticles were tested used agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results showed that stingless bee honey could be effectively used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle. The synthesized silver nanoparticles shows antibacterial activity on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. This biosynthesis of nanoparticles is cost efficient, pollutant free and simpler to synthesize.
Download or read book Fungal Nanotechnology written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungal nanotechnology has great prospects for developing new products with industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and consumer applications in a wide range of sectors. The fields of chemical engineering, agri-food, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, and medical device development all employ fungal products, with fungal nanomaterials currently used in applications ranging from drug development to the food industry and agricultural biotechnology. Fungal agents are an environmentally friendly, clean, non‐toxic agent for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and employ both intracellular and extracellular methods. The simplicity of scaling up and downstream processing and the presence of fungal mycelia which afford an increased surface area provide key advantages. In addition, the large spectrum of synthesized nanoparticle morphologies and the substantially faster biosynthesis rate in cell-free filtrate (due to the higher amount of proteins secreted in fungi) make this a particularly enticing route. Understanding the diversity of fungi in assorted ecosystems, as well as their interactions with other microorganisms, animals, and plants, underpins real and innovative technological developments and the applications of metal nanoparticles in many disciplines including agriculture, catalysis, and biomedical biosensors. Importantly, biogenic fungal nanoparticles show significant synergistic characteristics when combined with antibiotics and fungicides to offer substantially greater resistance to microbial growth and applications in nanomedicine ranging from topical ointments and bandages for wound healing to coated stents.
Download or read book The ELSI Handbook of Nanotechnology written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook focuses on the recent advancements in Safety, Risk, Ethical Society and Legal Implications (ESLI) as well as its commercialization of nanotechnology, such as manufacturing. Nano is moving out of its relaxation phase of scientific route, and as new products go to market, organizations all over the world, as well as the general public, are discussing the environmental and health issues associated with nanotechnology. Nongovernmental science organizations have long since reacted; however, now the social sciences have begun to study the cultural portent of nanotechnology. Societal concerns and their newly constructed concepts, show nanoscience interconnected with the economy, ecology, health, and governance. This handbook addresses these new challenges and is divided into 7 sections: Nanomaterials and the Environment; Life Cycle Environmental Implications of Nanomanufacturing; Bioavailability and Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Environments; Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles; Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology; Commercialization of Nanotechnology; Legalization of Nanotechnology.
Download or read book Green Nanoparticles written by Jayanta Kumar Patra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is the application of science to control matter at the molecular level. It has become one of the most promising applied technologies in all areas of science. Nanoparticles have multi-functional properties and have created very interesting applications in various fields such as medicine, nutrition, bioenergy, agriculture and the environment. But the biogenic syntheses of monodispersed nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes have been a challenge in biomaterial science. Nanoparticles are of great interest due to their extremely small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which lead to both chemical and physical differences in their properties (e.g., mechanical properties, biological and sterical properties, catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical absorption and melting point) compared to bulk of the same chemical composition. Recently, however, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology via microorganisms, plants, viruses, and so on, has been extensively studied and has become recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting biological systems as convenient nanofactories. Thus the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and easily scaled-up technology. Today researchers are developing new techniques and materials using nanotechnology that may be suitable for plants to boost their native functions. Recently, biological nanoparticles were found to be more pharmacologically active than physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Various applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and photothermal therapy. Further, iron oxide nanoparticles have been applied to cancer therapy, hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue repair, cell labeling, targeting and immunoassays, detoxification of biological fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetically responsive drug delivery therapy. Nanoparticle synthesis for plant byproducts for biomedical applications has vast potential. This book offers researchers in plant science and biomedicine the latest research and opportunity to develop new tools for the synthesis of environmentally friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine as well as other various fields.
Download or read book Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis Drug Delivery and Treatment written by Mahendra Rai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents nanobiotechnology in drug delivery and disease management Featuring contributions from noted experts in the field, this book highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug delivery systems. It also covers the diagnosis and role of various nanomaterials in the management of infectious diseases and non-infectious disorders, such as cancers and other malignancies and their role in future medicine. Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment starts by introducing how nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatments of diseases. It then focuses on the role of various nanocomposites in diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and many others. Next, it discusses the application of a variety of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The book explains the concept of nanotheranostics in detail and its role in effective monitoring of drug response, targeted drug delivery, enhanced drug accumulation in the target tissues, sustained as well as triggered release of drugs, and reduction in adverse effects. Other chapters cover aptamer-incorporated nanoparticle systems; magnetic nanoparticles; theranostics and vaccines; toxicological concerns of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine; and more. Provides a concise overview of state-of-the-art nanomaterials and their application like drug delivery in infectious diseases and non-infectious disorders Highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug delivery systems and role of various nanomaterials Introduces nano-based sensors which detect various pathogens Covers the use of nanodevices in diagnostics and theranostics Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment is an ideal book for researchers and scientists working in various disciplines such as microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and nanomedicine.
Download or read book Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922 Protein Profiles written by Hathaichanok Tamiyakul and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AgNPs were synthesized by the reductive sodium borohydride (NaBH4) method. Three capping agents (4-styrenesulfonic acid – co – maleic acid (PSSMA), alginate, carrageenan) were used and compared with non-capping agent for characterization of particle properties and antibacterial testing. PSSMA capped AgNPs presented a better antibacterial susceptibility than AgNPs capped with others. The antibacterial activity and mechanism of PSSMA capped AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were then investigated using proteomics technique. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for protein pattern observation and protein identification. From the result, the action of AgNPs against S. aureus and E. coli were determined to be bactericidal. SDS-PAGE gels after staining showed different bacterial protein profiles and protein expression between bacteria exposed and unexposed to AgNPs, which was further confirmed by protein identification and gene ontology based on NCBI and UniProt databases. In addition, data analysis and bioinformatics pathways analysis (String software) concluded that the antibacterial mechanism of AgNPs were based on 6 main functions i.e., signal transduction, molecular transport, metabolic process, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma written by Mahendra Rai, Ph.D and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely dedicated to the biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles, this book covers the different toxicity problems found in healthcare situations and also provides comprehensive info on the use of metal nanoparticles in treating various diseases. Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma is the first edited volume to set up the discussion for a clinical setting and to target a pharmaceutical audience of academic and industry-based researchers.
Download or read book Functional Chitosan written by Sougata Jana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to their unique properties, chitosan and chitosan-based materials have numerous applications in the field of biomedicine, especially in drug delivery. This book examines biomedical applications of functional chitosan, exploring the various functions and applications in the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. It also describes the chemical structure of chitosan and discusses the relationship between their structure and functions, providing a theoretical basis for the design of biomaterials. Lastly, it reviews chemically modified and composite materials of chitin and chitosan derivatives for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, nanomedicine, drug delivery, and gene delivery.
Download or read book Green Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials written by Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials illustrates how to biologically scale up silver nanoparticle synthesis. This book covers green synthesis of silver nanomaterials, via plants, agricultural waste, fungi, and microorganisms. Sections cover the synthesis and characterization of chemical and green synthesis, various types of silver nanomaterialism, the ability of different fungal species, such as filamentous fungi, to produce silver nanoparticles, the microbial synthesis of silver NMs, biosynthesis mechanisms, toxicity, fate and commercialization. As examples, greener pathways and mechanisms, toxicity of silver nanoparticles in aquatic life and in natural eco-systems, and strategies for the scaling up of green-synthesized nanomaterials are discussed. With the extended work in enhancing nanomaterials synthesis performance, and discovering their biomedical, environmental, and agricultural applications, it is hoped that the execution of these methods on a large scale and their industrial applications in different fields will take place in the near future. - Assesses the impact of a large variety of silver-based nanostructures in the biomedical, environmental and agri-food sectors - Discusses the major synthesis methods used for effectively processing plant-based silver nanoparticles - Outlines the potential and major challenges for adopting green synthesis methods on a mass scale
