Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Organophosphazene and Porous Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications written by George S. Pappas (Materials scientist) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Porous Carbon Materials written by Andrews Nirmala Grace and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-06 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook summarizes the current advancements and growth in sustainable carbonaceous porous materials for fabrication and revival of energy devices, fuel cells, sensors technology, solar cell technology, stealth technology in addition to biomedical applications. It also covers the potential applications of carbon materials in various fields such as chemical, engineering, biomedical and environmental sciences. It also confers the prospective utilization of 2D and 3D hierarchical porous carbon in different interdisciplinary engineering applications. The book discusses major challenges faced in the development of cost-effective future energy storage strategies and provides effective solutions for improvement in the performance of carbon-based materials. Given the content, this handbook will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of material chemistry and allied fields.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Materials for Supercapacitor Applications written by Farshad Barzegar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unifying theme within this work is the production of porous activated carbon (AC) materials from different carbon-containing precursors for electrochemical supercapacitors (ES) applications. The activated carbon-based ES is an emerging storage technology that promises to play an important role in meeting the rising demands from the energy sector. Thus, it is necessary to study and produce various high-quality ACs by optimizing the micro/meso-porous architecture as electrodes and also study the effect of different electrolytes on the electrochemical behavior of the produced ACs. The produced ACs which are discussed in different sections in chapter 4 show specific surface area ranging from ~300 m2 g-1 to ~3000 m2 g-1, specific capacitances in the range of ~179 F g-1 to ~335 F g-1 and energy density in the range of ~15 Wh kg-1 to ~38 Wh kg-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g. Both symmetric and asymmetric devices also showed excellent long term stability and no capacitance loss after 10,000 charge discharge and the stable operating potential ranging from 1.2 V to 2 V depending on the electrolyte used. All devices kept the important property of supercapacitors which is a high power density even at low current densities. All the results presented above showed the great potential in the adoption of the synthesized activated carbon material for supercapacitor applications.
Download or read book Porous Carbon Materials from Sustainable Precursors written by Robin J White and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous carbon materials are at the heart of many applications, including renewable energy storage and generation, due to their superior physical properties and availability. The environmentally-friendly production of these materials is crucial for a sustainable future. This book focuses on the transformation of sustainable precursors into functional, porous carbonaceous materials via the two most significant approaches: Starbon® and Hydrothermal Carbonisation. Covering cutting-edge research and emerging areas, chapters cover applications of porous carbon materials in catalysis and separation science as well as in energy science. Moreover, the challenges of characterization of these materials and their commercialization are explained by worldwide experts. The content will be accessible and valuable to post-graduate students and senior researchers alike and it will serve as a significant reference for academics and industrialists working in the areas of materials science, catalysis and separation science.
Download or read book Porous Carbons written by Feiyu Kang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon materials form pores ranging in size and morphology, from micropores of less than 1nm, to macropores of more than 50nm, and from channel-like spaces with homogenous diameters in carbon nanotubes, to round spaces in various fullerene cages, including irregularly-shaped pores in polycrystalline carbon materials. The large quantity and rapid rate of absorption of various molecules made possible by these attributes of carbon materials are now used in the storage of foreign atoms and ions for energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and for environmental remediation. Porous Carbons: Syntheses and Applications focuses on the fabrication and application of porous carbons. It considers fabrication at three scales: micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Carbon foams, sponges, and 3D-structured carbons are detailed. The title presents applications in four key areas: energy storage, energy conversion, energy adsorption, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells and environmental remediation, emphasizing the importance of pore structures at the three scales, and the diffusion and storage of various ions and molecules. The book presents a short history of each technique and material, and assesses advantages and disadvantages. This focused book provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of both pioneering and current synthesis techniques for porous carbons, and their modern applications. Presents modern porous carbon synthesis techniques and modern applications of porous carbons Presents current research on porous carbons in energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and in environmental remediation Provides a history and assessment of both pioneering and current cutting-edge synthesis techniques and materials Covers a significant range of precursor materials, preparation techniques, and characteristics Considers the future development of porous carbons and their various potential applications
Download or read book Ionothermal Carbon Materials written by Jonas Pampel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative concepts for energy storage and conversion have to be developed, optimized and employed to fulfill the dream of a fossil-independent energy economy. Porous carbon materials play a major role in many energy-related devices. Among different characteristics, distinct porosity features, e.g., specific surface area (SSA), total pore volume (TPV), and the pore size distribution (PSD), are important to maximize the performance in the final device. In order to approach the aim to synthesize carbon materials with tailor-made porosity in a sustainable fashion, the present thesis focused on biomass-derived precursors employing and developing the ionothermal carbonization. During the ionothermal carbonization, a salt melt simultaneously serves as solvent and porogen. Typically, eutectic mixtures containing zinc chloride are employed as salt phase. The first topic of the present thesis addressed the possibility to precisely tailor the porosity of ionothermal carbon materials by an experimentally simple variation of the molar composition of the binary salt mixture. The developed pore tuning tool allowed the synthesis of glucose derived carbon materials with predictable SSAs in the range of ~ 900 to ~ 2100 m2 g-1. Moreover, the nucleobase adenine was employed as precursor introducing nitrogen functionalities in the final material. Thereby, the chemical properties of the carbon materials are varied leading to new application fields. Nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) are able to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which takes place on the cathodic site of a fuel cell. The herein developed porosity tailoring allowed the synthesis of adenine derived NDCs with outstanding SSAs of up to 2900 m2 g-1 and very large TPV of 5.19 cm3 g-1....
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon and Manganese based Oxide layered Double Hydroxide Materials for Supercapacitor Applications written by Faith Ukamaka Ochai-Ejeh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize cheap, efficient and high-performance 3D activated carbon (AC) from cork (Quercus Suber) by KOH and KHCO3 activation respectively, Co-Mn LDH and MnO2-CNT nanocomposite materials with meso/microporous structures for energy storage application. The AC derived from cork (Q.suber) was synthesized with KOH in order to investigate the electrochemical performance of the AC in relation to KOH activation concentration and the AC synthesized by KHCO3 device because both materials performed well in 1 M KOH alkaline electrolyte, while ACKOH was chosen as the negative electrode in the MnO2-CNT//ACKOH device because both materials showed good performance in 1 M Li2SO4 neutral electrolyte. The aim of the hybrid devices was to take advantage of the individual working potentials of the electrode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance. All devices tested displayed energy densities ranging from iÌ8℗1℗l14 - iÌ8℗1℗l25 Wh kg-1 with corresponding power densities ranging from iÌ8℗1℗l450 aÌ22́Ơ0́− iÌ8℗1℗l500 W kg-1 at a specific current of 0.5 Ag-1 in the operating voltage window of between 1.6 V and 2.0 V in aqueous electrolyte media. All the materials tested displayed 99.7% - iÌ8℗1℗l100 % long-term cycling stability, showcasing the potential use of these materials as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors.
Download or read book Synthesis Characterization of Novel Porous Carbon Materials and Their Application in CO2 Capture written by Xiaotian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is aimed at developing novel, porous activated carbon materials that are used for CO2 capture. The research is mainly composed of two parts: synthesis, characterization of novel porous carbons produced via KOH activation; and evaluation of their preliminary CO2 capture performances. Various kinds of porous carbons were synthesized via KOH activation method. Through activation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, the mechanism of pore formation was proposed. This understanding of the pore-forming mechanism also provides a good platform to investigate the effect of absorbent's pore structures on its CO2 capture behavior. This study demonstrated the significant role of pore sizes less than 1 nm in the physisorption of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, activated carbons with ultrahigh surface area were synthesized by KOH activation of polyaniline. By studying the effect of the preheating stage, it was determined that formation of network-like nanostructure at preheating stage of the activation process is beneficial to the pore development and can lead to activated carbons with exceptionally high surface area. It is believed that this mechanism could be applied to the activation of other carbon precursors in order to achieve improved specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume. The evaluation of the CO2 capture performances were conducted for two novel activated carbons: porous carbons derived from a liquid carbon precursor (polyethylenimine), and LiCl-incorporated activated carbons. For the porous carbons derived from polyethylenimine, they possess microporosity and rich nitrogen content. At 1 bar the CO2 uptake of the carbons was 4.9-5.7 mmol g-1 at 0 oC. These carbons also demonstrated a selectivity of 33 for CO2 over N2 at 25 oC and less than 1% decrease of the performance after 30 cycles. For LiCl-incorporated porous carbons, the CO2 adsorption capacity decreased after LiCl incorporation, mainly because of blocking of the small micropores. However, the increase of initial Qst after LiCl incorporation indicated a positive role of LiCl in terms of CO2 interaction with sorbent surfaces.
Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Electrochemical Applications of Multi Scale Porous Carbons written by Fujun Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Applications of Multi-scale Porous Carbons" by Fujun, Li, 李福军, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4714771 Subjects: Porous materials Carbon
Download or read book Carbon Catalysis written by Qiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2024-12-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic review of carbon materials, focusing on their properties, development and applications. It emphasizes the synthesis processes of these materials and carbon catalysis, as well as the latest advances in novel carbon materials. Carbon materials are non-metallic substances composed mainly of organic materials with a wide range of applications. They can be classified into several types, each with unique structures and properties. This book details their preparation methods, physical and chemical properties and characterization, covering carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon spheres and activated carbon. It also explores their applications in catalysis, energy storage and environmental protection. This title will serve as a useful reference for researchers and professionals interested in carbon materials, petrochemicals, coal chemicals, new energy and environmental protection. It will also benefit students and academics in the fields of chemical engineering, energy and environmental protection.
Download or read book Hierarchical Structured Porous Carbon Materials written by Eun-Jin Oh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes written by Maria-Magdalena Titirici and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of low cost and environmentally friendly high performing carbon materials is crucial for a sustainable future. Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes describes a sustainable and alternative technique to produce carbon from biomass in water at low temperatures, a process known as Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes presents an overview of this new and rapidly developing field, discussing various synthetic approaches, characterization of the final products, and modern fields of application for of sustainable carbon materials. Topics covered include: • Green carbon materials • Porous hydrothermal carbons • HTC for the production of valuable carbon hybrid materials • Functionalization of hydrothermal carbon materials • Characterization of HTC materials • Applications of HTC in modern nanotechnology: Energy storage, electrocatalysis in fuel cells, photocatalysis, gas storage, water purification, sensors, bioapplications • Environmental applications of HTC technology: Biochar production, carbon sequestration, and waste conversion • Scale-up in HTC Sustainable Carbon Materials from Hydrothermal Processes will serve as a comprehensive guide for students and newcomers in the field, as well as providing a valuable source of information for researchers and investors looking for alternative technologies to convert biomass into useful products.
Download or read book Phenolic Resin based Porous Carbons for Adsorption and Energy Storage Applications written by Nilantha P. Wickramaratne and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this dissertation research is to develop phenolic resin based carbon materials for range of applications by soft-templating and Stober-like synthesis strategies. Applications Studied in this dissertation are adsorption of CO2, bio-molecular and heavy metal ions, and energy storage devices. Based on that, our goal is to design carbon materials with desired pore structure, high surface area, graphitic domains, incorporated metal nanoparticles, and specific organic groups and heteroatoms. In this dissertation the organic-organic self-assembly of phenolic resins and triblock copolymers under acidic conditions will be used to obtain mesoporous carbons/carbon composites and Stober-like synthesis involving phenolic resins under basic condition will be used to prepare polymer/carbon particles and their composites. The structure of this dissertation consists of an introductory chapter (Chapter 1) discussing the general synthesis of carbon materials, particularly the soft-templating strategy and Stober-like carbon synthesis. Also, Chapter 1 includes a brief outline of applications namely adsorption of CO2, biomolecule and heavy metal ions, and supercapacitors. Chapter 2 discusses the techniques used for characterization of the carbon materials studied. This chapter starts with nitrogen adsorption analysis, which is used to measure the specific surface area, pore volume, distribution of pore sizes, and pore width. In addition to nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HR-TGA), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and CHNS elemental analysis (EA) are mentioned too. Chapter 3 is focused on carbon materials for CO2 adsorption. There are different types of porous solid materials such as silicate, MOFs, carbons, and zeolites studied for CO2 adsorption. However, the carbon based materials are considered to be the best candidates for CO2 adsorption to the industrial point of view. So far, carbons with high surface area and nitrogen content have been vastly studied. Also, there are several reports showing the importance of pore size towards CO2 adsorption at ambient conditions. In the case of nitrogen containing carbons, it was shown that the incorporation of nitrogen into carbon matrix is a challenging task. In chapter 3, we discussed how to improve the surface area and pore size distribution of phenolic resin-based carbons to obtain optimum CO2 adsorption capacities at ambient conditions. The chemical and physical activation of polymer/carbon particles is used to generate necessary physical properties of the final carbons, which display unprecedented CO2 adsorption capacities at ambient conditions. Moreover, the modified Stober-like methods are used for the synthesis of nitrogen containing carbon particles. These facile synthesis methods afford highly porous nitrogen containing carbons with comparatively high CO2 adsorption capacities at ambient conditions. Chapter 4 begins with synthesis of ultra large mesoporous carbons using (ethylene oxide)38 (butylene oxide)46 (ethylene oxide)38 triblock copolymer as a soft template and phenolic resins as the carbon precursors. Even though, there are many reports dealing with the synthesis of mesoporous silica with large pores for bio-molucular adsorption their high cost discourage them to use in industrial applications. However, cheap mesoporous carbons with large pores (>15 nm) are potential materials for bio-molecular adsorption on large scale. The first part of chapter 4 is demonstrates the synthesis of mesoporous carbons with ultra large pores for bio-molecular adsorption. Lysozyme was selected as a model biomolecule for adsorption processes. The second part of Chapter 4 is focused on functionalized polymer spheres for heavy metal ions adsorption. It is shown that the synthesis of functionalized polymer spheres can be achieved by using modified Stober method; the reacting spheres show very high Cu2+ ion adsorption capacities. Next, Chapter 5 is devoted to carbon materials for supercapacitors. There are mainly two types of electrochemical capacitors namely EDLC and pseudocapacitors. In EDLC, the energy is stored due to electrochemical attraction between electrode and electrolyte interface. To store more ionic charges on to the carbon electrode, it is essential to have high surface area carbon materials. In the case of pseudocapacitors, the energy is stored due to the redox reaction taking place at the electrode and electrolyte interface. Moreover, conductivity of the electrode is also important for the construction of superior electrode materials. To address these vital issues, the electrode materials has been prepared with special emphasis on the enhancement of their surface area to attract more charges at the electrode-electrolyte interface, introducing graphitic moieties to the carbon matrix to improve the conductivity and doping carbons with metal/heteroatoms to improve both capacitance through pseudocapacitive and conductivity.
Download or read book Room temperature Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbide derived Carbons and Related Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project addresses room-temperature electrochemical etching as an energy-efficient route to synthesis of 3D nanoporous carbon networks and layered 2D carbons and related structures, as well as provides fundamental understanding of structure and properties of materials produced by this method. Carbide-derived-carbons (CDCs) are a growing class of nanostructured carbon materials with properties that are desirable for many applications, such as electrical energy and gas storage. The structure of these functional materials is tunable by the choice of the starting carbide precursor, synthesis method, and process parameters. Moving from high-temperature synthesis of CDCs through vacuum decomposition above 1400°C and chlorination above 400°C, our studies under the previous DOE BES support led to identification of precursor materials and processing conditions for CDC synthesis at temperatures as low as 200°C, resulting in amorphous and highly reactive porous carbons. We also investigated synthesis of monolithic CDC films from carbide films at 250-1200°C. The results of our early studies provided new insights into CDC formation, led to development of materials for capacitive energy storage, and enabled fundamental understanding of the electrolyte ions confinement in nanoporous carbons.
Download or read book Porosity in Carbons written by John W. Patrick and published by John Wiley & Sons Incorporated. This book was released on 1995 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous activated carbons are manufactured from a range of materials and have wide uses in industry for gas and liquid adsorption processes. Written by experts from around the world, this book covers the production, properties and applications of porous carbon.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterisation of Porous Carbons with Optimised Properties for Targeted Sustainable Energy Applications written by I. K. Alali and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Derived Porous Carbons for Gas Adsorption Storage and Separation written by Ali Qajar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
