Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Efficient Polyamide Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes written by Mohamed M. A. Elleithy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The availability of fresh water is directly associated with accessible natural resources. However, 2.5 billion of the world's population (around 40%) does not have access to proper sanitation systems, with 6 to 8 million annual deaths related to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene in 2013. Currently, sea water desalination offers a feasible strategy to face global water challenge. Different water desalination techniques were developed and membrane desalination is currently the highest cost effective technique. Reverse osmosis (RO) system is by far considered the least expensive membrane process. Typically, RO system uses the thin film composite (TFC) membranes. A typical TFC membrane consists of two layers: a top dense polyamide (PA) skin layer (responsible for salt rejection) applied on an underlying support layer (responsible for mechanical support of the thin PA layer). Recently, a new category of membranes has emerged known as thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFNC) where nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the support layer to enhance its properties. The support layer surface pore diameters are quite crucial in supporting and preserving the integrity of the PA layer. Thus, the ideal support layer shall comprise a non-porous to slightly porous top surface. However, a support layer with non-porous surface would resist the water flow. Consequently, the main target of the work represented was to fabricate a highly porous membrane that could still support a PA layer on top of it. Membranes with symmetric cross section have high permeability due to the highly interconnected porous structure. Yet, the surface of the symmetric membranes is also highly porous; and hence, serving as a TFNC support is challenging. Thus, this study focuses on tailoring symmetric TFNC support membranes to effectively support the PA layer. Firstly, we investigated the influence of different fabrication parameters on the support membrane properties. This entailed the understanding of the thermodynamic behavior of the cast solution during fabrication till the final precipitation of the support membrane. TFNC support membranes were prepared using cast solution of Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Afterwards, the effect of non-solvent addition was investigated using Triethylene Glycol (TEG). Furthermore, Pluronic® (Plu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs were incorporated in two different sets of experiments to compare the enhancement of support membrane hydrophilicity and mechanical stability. Support membranes were fabricated using two consecutive phase separation processes, namely: Vapor-Induced Phase Separation (VIPS) followed by Liquid-Induced Phase Separation (LIPS). Various conditions were tested during the VIPS process, including relative humidity degree (RH) at exposure, exposure time and the effect of air convection during the exposure period. The cast solutions were prepared under 30% and 80% RH for exposure time ranging from 1 to 5 minutes. Forced convection condition was applied to the cast solutions whereas compressed dry air was introduced to the cast solution during the exposure period. On the other hand, free convection condition was defined in terms of the absence of compressed dry air introduction during VIPS process. Solution composition was systematically changed to further understand its influence on the thermodynamic behavior under VIPS process. This entailed studying the change in PES content ranging from 10 to 15 wt%, as well as the TEG (0 to 60 wt%), Plu (0 to 5 wt%) and TiO2 (0 to 1 wt%). This variability in cast solution composition clarified the influences of the solution viscosity and hygroscopicity on the thermodynamic behavior of the cast solution, which in turns, reflected on the support membrane final morphology. Afterwards, support membranes were characterized for their cross-sectional morphology using scanning electron microscopy, pore size distribution using the capillary flow porometer, hydrophilicity using contact angle method, surface charge using surface charge analyzer and chemical composition using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Also, membranes hydraulic permeability and wettability were tested. Membranes fabricated under different conditions showed various structures including asymmetric and symmetric cross section morphologies. The effect of air convection was significantly important and in some cases even switched the cross section structure from asymmetric to completely symmetric. Interestingly, at low RH value (30%) and under free convection condition, membranes with semi-symmetric structure were successfully produced. This novel structure holds the privileges of both symmetric and asymmetric membranes. It showed high water permeability and mechanical stability due to the highly interconnected pores structure, as well as, having a very thin skin surface to support the PA layer on top of it. Furthermore, the semi-symmetric membrane showed higher compaction resistance (91.3%) and recovery (94%) as compared to the asymmetric membrane. As a consequence, the semi-symmetric morphology was considered as the structure of our interest as a TFNC support membrane. Support membrane hydrophilicity, water permeability, mechanical stability and morphology are known to have high contribution to the overall TFNC membrane performance. Thus, the developed semi-symmetric structure was then reproduced using cast solutions containing the hydrophilic additives Plu and TiO2. Results showed that the addition of TiO2 had increased both the membrane hydrophilicity and compaction resistance. However, semi-symmetric supports were only achievable with 0.05 and 0.1 wt% TiO2 concentrations. As a concluding step, polyamide (PA) top skin layer was fabricated on semi-symmetric support membranes of different compositions. The final TFNC showed the higher permeability values when semi-symmetric supports were compared to asymmetric support of same composition. Furthermore, the highest TFC permeability was for support membrane containing 1 wt% Plu and that containing 0.1 wt% TiO2.

Download or read book Nanofiltration Membranes written by Lau Woei Jye and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of both aqueous and nonaqueous media. Details the latest progress on the fabrication techniques of asymmetric and composite NF membranes. Discusses characterization methods used in assessing membrane physical/chemical properties, separation characteristics, and performance stability. Describes the potential of advanced materials in improving properties of polyamide selective layer as well as microporous substrate. Reviews the technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of composite membrane—thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane—possible approaches to overcome challenges. Offers case studies on the applications of NF membranes for both aqueous and nonaqueous media.

Download or read book Nanomaterial and Polymer Membranes written by Tawfik Abdo Saleh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterial and Polymer Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications presents a unique collection of up-to-date polymeric nanomaterial membranes. The book offers a perfect source to document state-of-the-art developments and innovations in nanocomposite membranes, ranging from materials development and characterization of properties to membrane applications. The book discusses applications that encompass the enhancement of sorption and degradation processes and their usage for the removal of different pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and other organic and inorganic pollutants from the industry. Presents a powerful single source for the development of new, rapid, and highly efficient membrane composites Offers a perfect source to document state-of-the-art developments and innovations in nanocomposite membranes, ranging from materials development and characterization of properties to membrane applications Covers applications in membrane science, water treatment, and the removal of pollutants from waste water Provides theoretical and practical information about the synthesis and application of polymeric nanocomposite membranes Includes instructor support material available at textbooks.elsevier.com

Download or read book Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Water Applications written by Ying Siew Khoo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-04-26 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global market for polymeric membranes used in water and wastewater treatment is experiencing robust growth, with polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes dominating reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) processes. This monograph presents the latest trends in characterization techniques for PA TFC membranes and provides the most current and relevant information on these techniques tailored specifically for TFC NF and RO membranes. Features • Focuses solely on the characterization of PA TFC membranes used in water and wastewater treatment. • Provides the latest insights into employing advanced and emerging characterization tools to analyze the intrinsic properties of the PA selective layer and evaluate the overall performance of PA TFC membranes during filtration processes. • Extensively examines the strengths and limitations of each membrane characterization tool, offering in-depth analyses for readers. This book is an indispensable reference and practical guide for advanced students, researchers, and scientists involved in NF and RO membrane fabrication and characterization, including those in the fields of chemical, materials, and environmental engineering.

Download or read book Synthesis of Polysulfone polyamide Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications written by Ahmed Omaia Abdelfattah Mohamed Rashed and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted significant interest as a promising alternative to reverse osmosis (RO) in membrane-based water desalination applications. FO water flux, salt rejection and reverse solute flux are three critical parameters affecting membrane performance. Thin film composite (TFC) membranes have been widely used in FO processes. A typical TFC membrane consists of a rejection polyamide (PA) layer on top of a highly porous support layer. In the current study, carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) were used as nano-fillers in the membrane rejection layer to enhance the FO membrane performance. Polyamide (PA) thin film nano-composite (TFNC) membranes were synthesized on top of polysulfone (PSF) porous support layers by interfacial polymerization (IP) using m-phenylenediamine (MPD) in water and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in hexane. The PSF support layer was synthesized by phase inversion in a water bath of a casting solution of PSF and polvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (pore forming agent) dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl formamide (DMF). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by oxidation in strong acidic solutions, and then incorporated in the MPD aqueous solution during IP. For the support layer, PSF and PVP concentrations were varied while monomers (MPD, TMC) concentrations, contact time and curing temperature were varied for the rejection layer. Experimental designs for both the support and the rejection layers were carried out using Design-Expert software including statistical analysis to identify the most significant factors affecting the membrane performance. The support layer of 18 wt% PSF and 2 wt% PVP was selected as the membrane support with the highest possible FO water flux and minimum reverse solute flux while the PA rejection layer of 4 wt/vol% MPD and 0.2 wt/vol% TMC was selected as the membrane rejection layer with a salt rejection of 88.30±0.11%. Finally, the amount of F-MWCNTs was varied from 0.01 to 0.2 wt/vol% to study their effect on the membrane morphology and performance. The synthesized membranes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller gas adsoprtion analysis (BET). FO performance was investigated using deionized water as the feed solution and 2 M NaCl as the draw solution. It was found that F-MWCNTs enhanced the membrane hydrophilicity and surface roughness that led to increased FO water flux. Most importantly, the salt rejection was also increased at low concentrations of F-MWCNTs (

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Environmentally Friendly Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Desalination written by Farhad Asempour and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes are a relatively new class of high-performance semipermeable membranes for Reverse Osmosis (RO) applications. Large scale applications of TFN membranes have not been achieved yet due to the high production cost of the nanoparticles, agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the thin polyamide matrix of the membrane, and leaching out of typically toxic inorganic nanoparticles into the downstream. In this work, these challenges are addressed by incorporation of two different nanofillers: Cellulose NanoCrystals (CNC), and surface functionalized Halloysite NanoTubes (HNT). Amine groups, carboxylic acid groups, and the first generation of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were used for functionalization of the HNT. CNC and HNT are environmentally friendly, low/non-toxic, abundant, and inexpensive nanoparticles with a unique size, and chemical properties. TFN membranes were synthesized via in situ interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and the nanoparticles. The control Thin Film Composite (TFC) membranes, and CNC and HNT based TFN membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurements. The antifouling capacity of CNC based membranes was investigated with a solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as the fouling agent. Also, the leachability of the HNT from the membranes was examined by shaking the membranes in a batch incubator for 48 h, and then tracing the leached out HNT using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Separation characteristics of the membranes were studied by desalination of synthetic brackish water with a cross flow RO filtration system. It was revealed that incorporation of functionalized HNT enhanced the permeate flux without sacrificing the salt rejection (99.1 % ± 0.1 %). Also, incorporation of 0.1% (w/v) CNC doubled the permeate flux (from 30 to 63 L/m2.h at 20 bar) without compromising the salt rejection (97.8%). At the same time, leaching out of HNT from the TFN membranes was decreased as a result of the HNT functionalization and formation of covalent bonds with the TMC. Also, antifouling properties of the CNC-TFN membranes were 11% improved in comparison with control TFC membrane.

Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Thin Film Composite Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Water Desalination written by Jacquana T. Diep and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel sequential hexafluoroalcohol (SHFA) membrane composed of a non-substituted aromatic polyamide under-layer and a hexafluoroalcohol-substituted aromatic polyamide top-layer, for the purpose of achieving improved performance in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, is the major subject of this research study. At 2000 parts per million (ppm) salt solution, the SHFA membrane outperformed the reference (REF) membrane, which was formed by a conventional RO membrane process, in terms of salt rejection. A salt rejection of greater than 99.5% and a flux of greater than 50 liters/m2/h (LMH) were obtained at 400 psi and 25°C operating conditions. Either 2 or 3 min HFA-MDA reaction time could be used to process the SHFA membrane to achieve this performance. Results from the analyses of the REF membrane and SHFA membrane using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and a contact angle measurement tool were used to compare the two membranes' surface morphology. In addition to the SHFA membrane, works involving incorporation of nanocomposite particles onto the RO membranes for performance improvement are covered. The latest findings from this research led to the introduction of a porous nanoparticle (PNP) membrane whose low particle loadings (ranges from 0.01% to 0.05% weight-to-volume) were found to enhance water flux while retaining high salt rejection.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Film Nanocomposite Forward Osmosis Membrane for Water Desalination Process written by Daryoush Emadzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Disulfonated Polysulfone Films and Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Desalination written by Wei Xie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current reverse osmosis desalination membrane market is dominated by aromatic polyamide thin film composite (TFC) membranes. However, these polyamide membranes suffer from poor resistance to continual exposure to oxidizing agents such as chlorine in desalination applications. To overcome these problems, we have synthesized and characterized a new generation of materials, disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPS) random copolymer, for desalination membranes. A key technical feature of these new materials is their high tolerance to chlorine in feed water and their excellent reproducibility in synthesis. In this study, water and sodium chloride solubility, diffusivity and permeability in BPS copolymers were measured for both acid and salt form samples at sulfonation levels from 20 to 40 mol percent. The hydrophilicity of these materials, based on water uptake, increased significantly as sulfonation level increased. The water and salt diffusivity and permeability were correlated with water uptake, consistent with expectations from free volume theory. In addition, a tradeoff was observed between water/salt solubility, diffusivity, and permeability selectivity and water solubility, diffusivity and permeability, respectively. The influence of cation form and degree of sulfonation on free volume, as probed via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), was determined in BPS random copolymers in both the dry and hydrated states. PALS-based free volume data for hydrated polymers were correlated with water and salt transport properties. The influence of processing history on transport properties of BPS films was also studied. Potassium form BPS films having a 32 mol% sulfonation level were acidified using solid state and solution routes. Additionally, several films were subjected to various thermal treatments in the solid state. The influence of acidification, thermal treatment, and counter-ion form on transport properties was investigated. Finally, the influence of synthesis methods of polyamide TFC membranes from m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) via interfacial polymerization on transport properties is reported. Then, a disulfonated diamine monomer (S-BAPS) was used instead of MPD to prepare TFC membranes. The resulting membranes exhibited reduced chlorine tolerance than those prepared from MPD. However, introduction of S-BAPS to the MPD/TMC polymerization system increased the fouling resistance of the resulting polyamide TFC membranes.

Download or read book Organic Solvent Nanofiltration written by Andrew Livingston and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of molecules present in organic solvents by membrane (nano)filtration has great potential in industries ranging from refining to fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis and is currently an area of intensive studies. This will be the first concise reference book offering a critical analysis on this topic. Nanofiltration, is a pressure driven membrane process used to remove solutes with molecular weight in the range of 200-1,000 g mol-1 typically from aqueous streams. A recent innovation is the extension of nanofiltration processes to organic solvents an emerging technology referred to as Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN). Separation of molecules present in organic solvents by nanofiltration has great potential in various processes such as petroleum refining, fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis, catalyst recycle, enrichment of aromatics etc. This book summarizes the developments in the field of OSN. It describes materials and methods used for the preparation of organic solvent stable membranes. Various techniques for manufacturing of OSN membranes, their physico-chemical and performance related characterization and membrane transport mechanisms will be discussed and critically evaluated. A summary of the commercially available OSN membranes, their separation properties and manufacturers will also be presented. Finally a detailed overview of the OSN applications in various industrial and laboratory scale processes as well as their future prospective will be presented. Complete coverage of the field of organic Solvent Nanofiltration: theory and industrial applications Provides all you want to know in this fast developing application of membranes in industrial filtration and water purification Applications of membranes - summary of the existing applications and proposed new applications; review and critical analysis of the data on currently available OSN membranes. The benefit of this feature to the users is outlined in the comment of one referee: "I use these types of books as an instant reference, resource and fact checker when I am writing or researching topics in membrane technology. I also read the content carefully to keep myself at the state-of-the-art in the technology. R&D is an expensive and time consuming endeavor so anything learned from the literature is valuable when it helps to guide my efforts". Contains a large number of diagrams /figures (60 approx) which offer graphical explanations of the processes and the mechanisms underlying the processess provides practical and easy to understand examples of practical applications. The user can easily adapt these to his/her specific application Worked examples 15 (approx) Guide the reader through the various parameters, and show the reader the effect of these parameters in the overall design of the process Includes multimedia content, videos and active tables and diagrams Enable the user to add his/her own data and conditions and get results relevant to his/her situation. Tables (25 approx) Provides review and critical analysis of the data on currently available OSN membranes Glossary Summary of the main terms used in OSN

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Membrane Processes written by Kailash Chandra Khulbe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.

Download or read book Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 1667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook examines the recent advances in the nanotechnology of polymers and ceramics, which possess outstanding mechanical properties and compatibility given their unique physical and chemical properties caused by the unusually large surface area to volume ratios and high interfacial reactivity. This handbook highlights the various compositions and morphologies of polymer and ceramic nanomaterials that can serve as powerful tools for the diverse applications in areas such as electronics, photonics, shape-memory alloys, biomaterials and biomedical nanomaterials, graphene-based technologies, and textiles and packaging. The handbook addresses safety, economics, green production and sustainability. The book contains a section on functionalization of these molecules, which only increases the possibility of developing even more versatile materials that can be fine-tuned for specific applications. Filling a gap in the literature, this handbook provides comprehensive coverage of properties, fabrication, characterization, functionalization methods and applications at both experimental and theoretical models scales. Economic, toxicological, regulatory, and environmental concerns regarding applications are also discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to sustainable approaches that reduce costs in terms of chemicals and time consumption. The book covers research trends, challenges, and prospective topics as well.

Download or read book Membrane Separation Principles and Applications written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Separation Principles and Applications: From Material Selection to Mechanisms and Industrial Uses, the latest volume in the Handbooks in Separation Science series, is the first single resource to explore all aspects of this rapidly growing area of study. Membrane technology is now accepted as one of the most effective tools for separation and purification, primarily due to its simple operation. The result has been a proliferation of studies on this topic; however, the relationships between fundamental knowledge and applications are rarely discussed. This book acts as a guideline for those who are interested in exploring membranes at a more progressive level. Covering methods of pressure driving force, partial pressure driving force, concentration driving force, electrical potential driving force, hybrid processes, and more, this volume is more complete than any other known resource on membrane separations. Covers membrane material selection, membrane fabrication, membrane characterization, separation mechanisms and applications in each chapter Authored by contributors who are internationally recognized as experts in their respective fields Organized by the driving force behind each type of membrane separation—a unique approach that more clearly links fundamental principles with their dominant applications

Download or read book Nanofiltration Membranes written by Lau Woei Jye and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of both aqueous and nonaqueous media. Details the latest progress on the fabrication techniques of asymmetric and composite NF membranes. Discusses characterization methods used in assessing membrane physical/chemical properties, separation characteristics, and performance stability. Describes the potential of advanced materials in improving properties of polyamide selective layer as well as microporous substrate. Reviews the technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of composite membrane—thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane—possible approaches to overcome challenges. Offers case studies on the applications of NF membranes for both aqueous and nonaqueous media.

Download or read book Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Gas Separation written by Mohtada Sadrzadeh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Gas Separation presents an introduction to the application of nanocomposite membranes in both water and gas separation processes. This in-depth literature review and discussion focuses on state-of-the-art nanocomposite membranes, current challenges and future progress, including helpful guidelines for the further improvement of these materials for water and gas separation processes. Chapters address material development, synthesis protocols, and the numerical simulation of nanocomposite membranes, along with current challenges and future trends in the areas of water and gas separation. Explains the development of nanocomposite membranes through bio-mimicking nanomaterials Discusses the surface modification of nanomaterials to fabricate robust nanocomposite membranes Outlines the environmental and operational challenges for the application of nanocomposite membranes

Download or read book Advances in Nanocomposite Materials for Environmental and Energy Harvesting Applications written by Ahmed Esmail Shalan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the fundamental, synthesis, properties, physico-chemical characterizations and applications of recently explored nanocomposite materials. It covers the applications of these different nanocomposite materials in the environmental and energy harvesting fields. The chapters explore the different techniques used for preparation and characterization of several types of nanocomposite materials for applications related to environmental and energy pathways. This book presents a panorama of current research in the field of nanocomposite structures for different applications. It also assesses the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of nanocomposite in the design of different material products. The comprehensive chapters explain the interactions between nanocomposite materials and mechanisms related to applications in environmental pollution and energy shortage.

Download or read book Nanostructured Polymer Membranes Volume 2 written by Visakh P. M. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd volume on applications with discuss the various aspects of state-of-the-art, new challenges and opportunities for gas and vapor separation of polymer membranes, membranes for wastewater treatment, polymer electrolyte membranes and methanol fuel cells, polymer membranes for water desalination, optical, electrochemical and anion/polyanion sensors, polymeric pervaporation membranes, organic-organic separation, biopolymer electrolytes for energy devices, carbon nanoparticles for pervaporation polymeric membranes, and mixed matrix membranes for nanofiltration application.