Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Anion Exchange Blend Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications written by Hyeongrae Cho and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Redox Flow Batteries written by Huamin Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow batteries have received attention in large-scale energy storage due to their flexible design, high safety, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, they have been rapidly developed and tested in a variety of scales that prove their feasibility and advantages of use. As energy becomes a global focus, it is important to consider flow battery systems. This book offers a detailed introduction to the function of different kinds of redox flow batteries, including vanadium flow batteries, as well as the electrochemical processes for their development, materials and components, applications, and near future prospects. Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications will give readers a full understanding of flow batteries from fundamentals to commercial applications.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Toshikatsu Sata and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various separation membranes have been developed since their discovery over half a century ago, providing numerous benefits and fulfilling many applications in our everyday lives. They lend themselves to techniques ranging from microfiltration and gas separation, to what can be considered as the most advanced technique - ion exchange. This book, aimed at academic researchers, engineers and industrialists, contains a brief history of ion exchange and goes on to explain the preparation, characterization, modification and applications of these important membranes. Discussions include the use of ion exchange in analytical and medical techniques, as well as the development of future applications.
Download or read book Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymeric Anion Exchange Membranes written by Wenxu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) are regarded as promising and important energy devices, the development of high performance anion exchange membranes are in urgent need, as well as fundamental investigation on the structure-property relationship, which are the motivation of this dissertation. Three different polymer systems are presented and focused on polymer synthesis, material morphology, and ion transport phenomena. Crosslinked membranes are promising as practical materials, however, the understanding and further improvement of its performance is hindered by the lack of an ordered morphology or well-defined chemical structure. In Chapter 2, a series of crosslinked membranes were design to bear cationic groups organized via covalent linkages, which were synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT), "click" chemistry, cast/crosslinking process, and solid state quaternization. Significant enhancement in conductivities was observed and presumably attributed to the formation of ion transport channels directed by polycation chains. Excellent membrane performance were observed, including conductivities, water diffusivities, and fuel cell power densities. In Chapter 3, phosphonium containing block copolymers were synthesized and subjected to morphology characterization. Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), it was observed that these materials form well-ordered morphologies upon solvent casting, and the ionic block preferred to form a continuous phase. By comparing the anion conductivities, the matrix in a hexagonal phase was proved to be more efficient in ion transport than lamellae. Polycyclooctene (PCOE) based triblock copolymers were synthesized in Chapter 4, by using a special chain transfer agent (CTA) to mediate Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). The well-defined melting transition (~50 oC) of PCOE enabled the investigation of the thermal transition in hydrophobic block affecting ionic domain behavior. Then metal ion doped star block copolymers were investigated in bulk and thin film forms to demonstrate that the star block copolymer architecture can facilitate microphase separation and thus the preparation of smaller features. Using an ortho-nitrobenzyl ester junction, triblock copolymers based on PEO and PSt were synthesized and applied to hierarchical pattern fabrication in self-assembled thin films. During these studies, the single monomer insertion methodology was developed for high efficiency synthesis of (multi)functional RAFT CTAs. The molecular characterization and controlled polymerization results were documented in Chapter 7. The last chapter contains outlooks based on the research in this dissertation. Methods to improve the previously presented materials were listed. Also, fundamental questions were raised on ion transport membranes, and possible ways to answer them were provided. In addition, potential research directions are proposed.
Download or read book Nano Enhanced and Nanostructured Polymer Based Membranes for Energy Applications written by Maria Giovanna Buonomenna and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing need for better membranes in several emerging application fields especially those related to energy conversion and storage as well as to water treatment and recycling. Processability, is an important functional property, often ignored, especially in the early discovery phase for new materials, but it should be one of the most important properties, that needs to be considered in the development of better membrane materials. Useful membrane materials have to be capable of being formed into thin membranes, in particular for membrane gas separation, water treatment and desalination, and then packaged, into large area membrane modules. All gas separation membranes that are in current commercial use are based on polymers, which are solution-processable. This book intends to deal with composite, in most cases hybrid polymer-based membranes for three separate application fields: energy conversion, energy storage and water treatment and recovery. Each chapter will explain clearly the various membrane processes then go on to discuss in detail the corresponding advanced membranes used. The logic that lies behind this is that you have to understand the process in order to develop new high-performance membranes. By taking this approach, the author aims to overcome the disconnection that currently exists between membrane materials scientists and industrial process engineers. Discusses interdisciplinary content by a single author, approaching synthesis and development of materials from the perspective of their processability Describes the novel aspects of membrane science that is related to energy storage, conversion and wastewater treatment Presents an emphasis on scientific results which have an impact on real applications in terms of renewable and clean energy challenges
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Tongwen Xu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-11 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange Membranes A comprehensive introduction to the electro-membrane technologies of the future An ion exchange membrane is a polymer-based membrane which can be permeable by some ions in a solution while blocking others, making them ideal for processes such as water desalination, salt concentration control, clean production and—given their electrical conductivity—power generation and energy storage etc. Recent advances have given rise to new electro-membrane processes that promise drastically to expand the applications of this technology. Scientists in both research and industry will increasingly need to draw on these membranes in vital ways with strongly positive potential environmental impact. Ion Exchange Membranes summarizes recent research into these membranes and electro-membrane processes before moving to an overview of the historical background. It then attends in detail to cutting-edge fabrication technologies and the most recent areas of use. The result is a comprehensive introduction to the design, fabrication, and applications of these increasingly essential membranes. Ion Exchange Membranes readers will also find: In-depth treatment of industrial-scale applications Detailed discussion of topics including side-chain engineering, polyacylation, superacid-catalyst polymerization, and more Analysis of electro-membrane processes such as alkaline membrane water electrolysis, solar-driven water splitting, and many more Ion Exchange Membranes is ideal for membrane scientists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists, polymer chemists, and researchers and engineers in a variety of fields working with ion exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes.
Download or read book Flow Batteries written by Christina Roth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 1510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow Batteries The premier reference on flow battery technology for large-scale, high-performance, and sustainable energy storage From basics to commercial applications, Flow Batteries covers the main aspects and recent developments of (Redox) Flow Batteries, from the electrochemical fundamentals and the materials used to their characterization and technical application. Edited by a team of leading experts, including the “founding mother of vanadium flow battery technology” Maria Skyllas-Kazacos, the full scope of this revolutionary technology is detailed, including chemistries other than vanadium and organic flow batteries. Other key topics covered in Flow Batteries include: Flow battery computational modeling and simulation, including quantum mechanical considerations, cell, stack, and system modeling, techno-economics, and grid behavior A comparison of the standard vanadium flow battery variant with new and emerging flow batteries using different chemistries and how they will change the field Commercially available flow batteries from different manufacturers, their technology, and application ranges The pivotal role of flow batteries in overcoming the global energy crisis Flow Batteries is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers in academia and industry who want to understand and work with this exciting new technology and explore the full range of its current and future applications.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Yoshinobu Tanaka and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental study and industrial application of ion exchange membranes started over half a century ago. Through ongoing research and development, ion exchange membrane technology is now applied to many fields and contributes to the improvement of our standard of living. Ion Exchange Membranes, 2nd edition states the ion exchange membrane technology from the standpoint of fundamentals and applications. It discusses not only various phenomena exhibited by membranes but also their applications in many fields with economical evaluations. This second edition is updated and revised, featuring ten expanded chapters. New to this edition is a computer simulation program of ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis for water desalination that provides a guideline for designing, manufacturing and operating a practical-scale electrodialyzer. Meant to replace experiments, this program will be an important asset to those with time and monetary budgets. New edition features ten revised and expanded chapters, providing the latest developments in ion exchange membrane technology Computer simulation program, accessible through a companion website, provides a guideline for designing, manufacturing and operating practical-scale electrodialyzers Attractive visual presentation, including many figures and diagrams
Download or read book Fuel Cells Technologies for Fuel Processing written by Dushyant Shekhawat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. Chapters written by experts in each area Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter Detailed index Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
Download or read book Ion Exchange Technology I written by Inamuddin Dr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion-exchange Technology I: Theory and Materials describes the theoretical principles of ion-exchange processes. More specifically, this volume focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and modelling of ion-exchange materials and their associated kinetics and equilibria. This title is a highly valuable source not only to postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology as well as to engineers and industrialists.
Download or read book Inorganic Membranes Synthesis Characterization and Applications written by Reyes Mallada and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.480 pages Approx.480 pages
Download or read book Enhancements of the Synthesis and Fabrication of Anion Exchange Membranes written by Megan Matta and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have emerged as important components in a wide variety of electrochemical processes and applications, playing a vital role in facilitating the selective transport of ions while preventing species crossover between the anolyte and catholyte. These versatile polymer or polymer composite membranes find uses in diverse fields such as energy conversion and storage, water treatment, chemical synthesis, and biotechnology. At the core of their functionality, ion exchange membranes exhibit a unique property known as "selective permeability." This property allows them to permit the controlled movement of specific ions across their structure based on differences in charge and size, while restricting the transport of other species. Diffusion of other molecules, such as water, can also be controlled simultaneously by optimizing the ion content, water uptake, and polymer structure of these materials. The design and synthesis of ion exchange membranes involve the incorporation of charged functional groups capable of exchanging ions with the surrounding solution. This functional group can be embedded in the backbone of the polymer, in an ionene-type structure, or attached to the backbone by tethered side chains. IEMs are broadly classified by the charge of the functional group into cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs). CEMs have anionic functional groups and permit the transport of cations, whereas AEMs have cationic functional groups and permit the transport of anions. Bipolar membranes (BPM) are a type of composite IEM consisting of an AEM and CEM laminated together and an interesting topic of future research. Most AEMs produced today contain chemically unstable arylene ether backbones, have poor mechanical properties, and require toxic reagents for functionalization. This dissertation seeks to synthesize new anion exchange membranes that are stable in alkaline conditions while maintaining the high conductivities required for the operation of electrochemical devices. To develop a chemically stable aliphatic polyolefin AEM, a library of polymers synthesized via Ziegler-Natta polymerization was examined. This library consisted of quaternized poly(11-bromo-1-undecene-co-4-phenyl-2-butene) with degrees of functionalization of 20 mol% to 50 mol% -- and was made utilizing a different catalyst system than previously explored. A TiCl3ˑAA catalyst was reacted with triisobutylaluminum (TiBA) co-catalyst to synthesize a more robust catalyst complex than the traditional AlEt2Cl catalyst. It was found that this new system could incorporate a higher amount of halogenated monomer (up to 50 mol %) on a multi-gram scale (50 g) at high yield without poisoning and deactivating the catalyst. The monomer incorporation was equal to the monomer feed and allowed for the targeting of specific ion exchange capacities. A large-scale synthesis (100 g) was conducted to assess the feasibility of pilot scale experiments. The dissolved polymers were solvent cast onto an ePTFE support and heterogeneously quaternized by immersing the alkylbromide-functionalized membrane in trimethyl amine solution. This procedure resulted in uneven wrinkled membranes, and a new method of casting supported membranes was subsequently developed, as described below. The hydroxide conductivity of the membranes was measured at room temperature, with conductivities up to 32 mS/cm reported. Given the issues with deformities in the supported membranes, further work focused on developing more efficient and consistent methods of membrane fabrication. It is speculated from initial experiments that high molecular weight polymer was being filtered from the sample during solution processing -- decreasing the mechanical strength of cast membranes. The quaternary ammonium-functionalized polyolefins were cryomilled to retain high molecular weight polymer without aggregation. Casting membranes from the cryomilled powder increased the mechanical properties of the membrane such that the mechanical membrane support was no longer needed. Moreover, cryomilling facilitated bulk heterogenous quaternization of the polymer prior to membrane fabrication, reducing the amount of trimethylamine solution needed. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) measurements confirmed that the Menshutkin reaction went to completion and all bromine moieties were quaternized for all degrees of functionalization. The quaternized polymer resins were cryomilled to yield a free-flowing powder that could be used for AEM fabrication. The polymers were examined with thermogravimetric analysis, and the degradation temperature of the ammonium was found to be 215 °C in the chloride form. Suggesting that thermal processing, such as heat pressing, is a viable option for membrane fabrication. Environmentally benign ethanol as a solvent was utilized to disperse the powder and cast membranes unsupported. The resulting AEMs were smooth, with even appearance across the sample, and thin, with thicknesses ranging between 15 [mu]m and 20 [mu]m. Preliminary synthesis on a monomer for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was attempted in an effort to examine the effects of well-defined backbone architecture on conductivity and chemical durability. The monomer, 3-(N,N'-dimethylpropyl-1-amine)-cyclooctene, was synthesized in high purity and characterized by proton NMR. Unfortunately attempts to polymerize the monomer via ROMP were unsuccessful as of the writing of this dissertation.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells written by Huaihe Song and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells focuses on the use of nanotechnology in macroscopic and nanosized fuel cells to enhance their performance and lifespan. The book covers the fundamental design concepts and promising applications of nanotechnology-enhanced fuel cells and their advantages over traditional fuel cells in portable devices, including longer shelf life and lower cost. In the case of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), nano-membranes could provide 100 times higher conductivity of hydrogen ions in low humidity conditions than traditional membranes. For hydrogen fuel cell, nanocatalysts (Pt hybrid nanoparticles) could provide 12 times higher catalytic activity. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are looking to understand how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient macro- and nanosized fuel cells. Outlines how fuel cells can be nanoengineered to enhance their performance and lifespan Covers a variety of fuel cell types, including proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and hydrogen-based fuel cells Assesses the major challenges of nanoengineering fuel cells at an industrial scale
Download or read book High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells written by Qingfeng Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Gholam-Abbas Nazri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. The volume includes several tutorials and contributes to an understanding of the many fields that impact the development of lithium batteries. Recent advances on various components are included and numerous examples of innovation are presented. Extensive references are given at the end of each chapter. All contributors are internationally recognized experts in their respective specialty. The fundamental knowledge necessary for designing new battery materials with desired physical and chemical properties including structural, electronic and reactivity are discussed. The molecular engineering of battery materials is treated by the most advanced theoretical and experimental methods.
Download or read book Synthesis and Evaluation of Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications written by Sanzida Sultana and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Cells written by Klaus-Dieter Kreuer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected end of the “oil age” will lead to increasing focus and reliance on alternative energy conversion devices, among which fuel cells have the potential to play an important role. Not only can phosphoric acid and solid oxide fuel cells already efficiently convert today’s fossil fuels, including methane, into electricity, but other types of fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, have the potential to become the cornerstones of a possible future hydrogen economy. Featuring 21 peer-reviewed entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Fuel Cells offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the current state of research and identifies key areas for future investigation. Internationally renowned specialists provide authoritative introductions to a wide variety of fuel cell types, and discuss materials, components, and systems for these technologies. The entries also cover sustainability and marketing considerations, including comparisons of fuel cells with alternative technologies.
