Download or read book Synoptic Characteristics of Precipitation Variability in the Southeast United States written by Jan Mojz̆is̃ek and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Climate Variability and Impacts in North America written by Lesley-Ann Dupigny-Giroux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climatologists with an eye on the past have any number of sources for their work, from personal diaries to weather station reports. Piecing together the trajectory of a weather event can thus be a painstaking process taking years and involving real detective work. Missing pieces of a climate puzzle can come from very far afield, often in unlikely places. In this book, a series of case studies examine specific regions across North America, using instrumental and documentary data from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Extreme weather events such as the Sitka hurricane of 1880 are recounted in detail, while the chapters also cover more widespread phenomena such as the collapse of the Low Country rice culture. The book also looks at the role of weather station histories in complementing the instrumental record, and sets out the methods that involve early instrumental and documentary climate data. Finally, the book’s focus on North America reflects the fact that the historical climate community there has only grown relatively recently. Up to now, most such studies have focused on Europe and Asia. The four sections begin with regional case studies, and move on to reconstruct extreme events and parameters. This is followed by the role of station history and, lastly, methodologies and other analyses. The editors’ aim has been to produce a volume that would be instrumental in molding the next generation of historical climatologists. They designed this book for use by general researchers as well as in upper-level undergraduate or graduate level courses.
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Download or read book Synoptic Characteristics of Intense Precipitation Events in the Southeastern United States written by Walker J. Skeeter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southeastern United States is a region where increases in temperature have been largely muted when compared to other regions of the country, although extremes in both temperature and precipitation have become more common over time. In the first part of this research, the strength and recurrence of Southeastern United States intense precipitation events (IPEs) was analyzed annually, seasonally, and sub-regionally with an emphasis on identifying trends and causal mechanisms at each of these temporal and spatial scales. Causal mechanisms responsible for IPE were investigated by utilizing the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) to determine which surface weather types are associated with these events. Furthermore, a case study analysis of the most intense IPE in each physiographic province was performed with archived daily surface maps to classify the type of surface forcing mechanism that was responsible for the most exceptional IPE in each physiographic province. Results showed a statistically significant and regionally variable increase in both the recurrence and strength of IPE. A statistically significant increase in the number of moist tropical (MT) weather type IPEs per year was identified, and attributed to more common northward and inland encroachment of these events. Case study reveals that coastal areas depend heavily on tropical events and stationary fronts, while forcings in inland areas are more evenly distributed. In addition to surface characteristics, the second part of this research explored synoptic patterns found with the most intense IPE across the entire study area. Principal Component Analysis, and Cluster Analysis were employed with 500 and 850 mb geopotential heights and a variety of seed variables in subsequent analyses to discover distinct types of IPE. A manual classification based on IPE origin as either a warm or cold core system, and formation location of the IPE provided the best representation of the synoptic patterns responsible for types of IPE. These IPE types were portrayed via a series of mean flow maps of 500 and 850 mb geopotential height, sea level pressure, and 72 hour mean precipitation. The precipitation amounts of the 72 hour means for the five IPE types were statistically significantly different from each other.
Download or read book Dynamic and Thermodynamic Mechanisms for the Onset of the Southeastern United States Convective Season written by Hannah Wells and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The southeastern United States (SE US) receives ample precipitation year-round. In the winter, precipitation primarily comes from synoptic-scale baroclinic systems and cold fronts. Meanwhile, precipitation in the summer over the SE US is primarily the result of convection. With this shift from the winter to summertime precipitation regimes, spring is the transition period to the convective season, and this transition occurs rather abruptly. This shift can be described as a sudden increase in precipitation from isolated precipitation features (IPF) while precipitation from mesoscale precipitation features (MPF) stays relatively unchanged over the SE US. IPF is defined as small, short-lived, and spatially heterogeneous features while MPF is defined as larger, well-organized, and generally longer-lived precipitating features. To study the springtime transition to the convective season, the SE US was split into twenty-seven 2°x2° boxes. Precipitation data for March-August from the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) (NMQ) for the years 2009-2012 is used to determine onset using an objective method based on IPF precipitation in each of the twenty-seven boxes for each year and for the four-year average. Meteorological data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) is analyzed to determine potential dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms that cause onset of the convective season in the SE US. Thermodynamic variables analyzed include convective available potential energy (CAPE), surface temperature, and specific humidity. Dynamic variables analyzed include 500 hPa geopotential height, mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and 850 hPa wind speed and direction. Daily composites of NARR are generated for May and June, while pentad average composites are generated for April-July for each year. Pentad averages of IPF will be created using the NMQ dataset to determine the pentad of onset. Three different sensitivity tests are also conducted to determine how sensitive onset is to the threshold criteria used to determine onset. It was found that the timing of onset varies from year to year, and there is no regional progression of onset in the SE US. Along with that, IPF behavior varies quite greatly across the SE US. Despite this variation in onset timing within the four years and variation in IPF behavior across the SE US, there are similarities in meteorological conditions in the pentads immediately leading up to and during onset. The North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) becomes established over the SE US one to two pentads before onset, priming the atmosphere for onset by bringing warm air and moisture from the Gulf of Mexico into the SE US. As the NASH becomes established, CAPE and specific humidity increase over the SE US, providing instability and moisture for IPF precipitation to develop over the SE US. At 500 hPa, either a ridge or zonal flow is present over the SE US at the time of onset, which aids in the NASH staying established over the SE US. The results of this research have begun to provide a new framework to better understand precipitation variability in the SE US.
Download or read book Next Generation Earth System Prediction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Urban Influence on Precipitation in the Southeastern United States written by Anna Marie Treviño and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Variability and Southeast U S Precipitation written by Christopher LeBlanc David and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the seasonal effects of interannual and interdecadal climactic influences on southeast U.S. precipitation is presented. Precipitation data was gathered from 183 precipitation gauges provided by The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI). The phases (warm/positive or cold/negative) of oceanic-atmospheric influences of the Pacific Ocean [El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)] and the Atlantic Ocean [Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)] were identified for the preceding year (1969-2013) to the precipitation data (1970-2014). Three statistical significance tests (1) two-sample t-test (90% significance), (2) rank-sum (90% significance) and (3) effect-size (threshold of 0.8 to -0.8) were used to evaluate precipitation response to the positive/negative phases of the oceanic-atmospheric influences of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The warm phases of ENSO and PDO were associated with increased annual precipitation in the southeastern region of the United States, while the cold phase of the AMO was associated with increased annual precipitation. While providing affirmation of these associations, this study considers the variation in seasonal precipitation of the southeastern U.S. The results indicate strong winter [January-March (JFM)] signals by all three oceanic-atmospheric influences and a strong summer [July-September (JAS)] signal by the PDO.
Download or read book Synoptic Climatological Studies of Precipitation in the Plateau States from 850 700 and 500 millibar Lows During Spring written by August F. Korte and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synoptic climatology of precipitation over the Plateau States or intermountain region of the western part of the United States during spring, associated with 850-, 700- and 500-mb Lows, is derived using 12-hr precipitation amounts (expressed as a percent of the 7-day normal) for 12 yr at 157 stations.
Download or read book Interduration Precipitation Relations for Storms Southeast States written by Ralph H. Frederick and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade to Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Download or read book Synoptic Characteristics and Precursors to Subseasonal to Seasonal Extreme Precipitation Events Across the United States written by Gregory Jennrich and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data written by Lance A. Waller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-29 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While mapped data provide a common ground for discussions between the public, the media, regulatory agencies, and public health researchers, the analysis of spatially referenced data has experienced a phenomenal growth over the last two decades, thanks in part to the development of geographical information systems (GISs). This is the first thorough overview to integrate spatial statistics with data management and the display capabilities of GIS. It describes methods for assessing the likelihood of observed patterns and quantifying the link between exposures and outcomes in spatially correlated data. This introductory text is designed to serve as both an introduction for the novice and a reference for practitioners in the field Requires only minimal background in public health and only some knowledge of statistics through multiple regression Touches upon some advanced topics, such as random effects, hierarchical models and spatial point processes, but does not require prior exposure Includes lavish use of figures/illustrations throughout the volume as well as analyses of several data sets (in the form of "data breaks") Exercises based on data analyses reinforce concepts
Download or read book The Influence of Regional scale Circulation on Precipitation Variability in the Southern United States written by Anthony J. Vega and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dryland Climatology written by Sharon E. Nicholson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of dryland climates and their relationship to the physical environment, vegetation, hydrology, and inhabitants. Packed with photographs and an extensive review of the primary literature, this is a unique interdisciplinary resource for researchers, environmental professionals and advanced students in fields from climatology to geomorphology.
Download or read book Precipitation Variability and Analysis of Satellite derived Rainfall Using a Spatial Synoptic Classification written by John Scott Greene and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Spatial Variability of Rainfall in the Southeast U S A at Different Timescales written by Guillermo A. Baigorria and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
