Download or read book Synergistic Integration of Transportation Demand Management Strategies land Use Transit and Auto Pricing with New Technologies and Services battery Electric Vehicles and Dynamic Ridesharing to Enhance Reductions in VMT and GHG written by Caroline Rodier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synergistic Integration of Transportation Demand Management Strategies land Use Transit and Auto Pricing with New Technologies and Services battery Electric Vehicles and Dynamic Ridesharing to Enhance Reductions in Vehicle Miles Traveled and Greenhouse Gas written by Caroline Rodier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disruptive Transport written by William Riggs and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of shared and networked vehicles, autonomous vehicles, and other transportation technologies, technological change is outpacing urban planning and policy. Whether urban planners and policy makers like it or not, these transformations will in turn result in profound changes to streets, land use, and cities. But smarter transportation may not necessarily translate into greater sustainability or equity. There are clear opportunities to shape advances in transportation, and to harness them to reshape cities and improve the socio-economic health of cities and residents. There are opportunities to reduce collisions and improve access to healthcare for those who need it most—particularly high-cost, high-need individuals at the younger and older ends of the age spectrum. There is also potential to connect individuals to jobs and change the way cities organize space and optimize trips. To date, very little discussion has centered around the job and social implications of this technology. Further, policy dialogue on future transport has lagged—particularly in the arenas of sustainability and social justice. Little work has been done on decision-making in this high uncertainty environment–a deficiency that is concerning given that land use and transportation actions have long and lagging timelines. This is one of the first books to explore the impact that emerging transport technology is having on cities and their residents, and how policy is needed to shape the cities that we want to have in the future. The book contains a selection of contributions based on the most advanced empirical research, and case studies for how future transport can be harnessed to improve urban sustainability and justice.

Download or read book Evaluating Land Use Impacts of Self driving Vehicles and Leveraging Intelligently Charged Electrified Transit to Support a Renewable Energy Grid in the Austin Texas Region written by Tyler Katherine Wellik and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part focuses heavily on the land use model SILO and its implementation in the Austin, Texas six-county region over a 27-year period of full adoption of self-driving vehicles. It discusses the model framework and capabilities and critically evaluates SILO’s specifications. SILO was then integrated with the agent-based transportation model MATSim for the Austin region. Land use and travel results were generated for a business-as-usual case (BAU) of 0% self-driving or “autonomous” vehicles (AVs) over the model timeframe versus a scenario where households’ value of travel time savings (VTTS) is reduced by 50%, to reflect the travel-burden reductions of no longer having to drive. A third scenario is also compared and examined against BAU to understand the impacts of rising vehicle occupancy (VO), and/or higher roadway capacities, due to dynamic ride-sharing (DRS) options in shared AV (SAV) fleets. Results suggest an 8.1% increase in average commute times when VTTS falls by 50% and VO remains unaffected (the 100% AV scenario), and a 33.3% increase in the number of households with “extreme commutes” (over 1 hour, each way) in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). When VO is raised to 2.0 and VTTS falls instead by 25% (the “Hi-DRS” SAV scenario), average commute times increase by 3.5% and the number of households with “extreme commutes” increase by 16.4% in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). The ITLUM also predicts 5.3% fewer households and 19.1% more available, developable land in the City of Austin in the 100% AV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario’s final year, with 5.6% more households and 10.2% less developable land outside the City. In addition, the model results predict 5.6% fewer households and 62.9% more available developable land in the City of Austin in the Hi-DRS SAV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario’s final year, with 6.2% more households and 9.9% less developable land outside the City. This thesis’ second part looks at how electric buses can support a power grid that relies heavily on renewable energy sources, like wind and solar. The transportation sector is a major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. Concurrent electrification of vehicles and investment in renewable energy is required to deeply decarbonize this and other sectors of our economies. The introduction of intermittent renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, at a large scale presents major challenges to grid operators and utility companies. This study examines the benefits and costs that a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Battery Electric Bus (BEB) fleet offers Austin, Texas by buffering against sharp shifts in renewable energy production to help smooth power demands from traditional energy sources (like coal, natural gas, and nuclear power plants). A V2G BEB “smart charging” (SC) scenario’s cost and emissions were compared to those in a BEB “charge-as-needed” scenario and to those in a diesel bus scenario, for 423+ buses and over 88,000 bus-miles per day. By simply electrifying Austin’s buses, without any SC strategies, the total external cost of all of Austin’s electricity grid emissions and bus emissions falls by approximately 3.42%, amounting to over 21¢-savings per bus-mile, relative to the diesel-bus scenario. By using SC strategies, those same emission costs fell by 5.64% or over 35¢-savings per bus-mile. These emissions savings become very significant when summed over the course of a year. In the non-SC BEB scenario, emissions savings amount to approximately $6.86M/year, and in the SC BEB scenario, emissions savings reach approximately $11.3M/year. Such reductions are thanks to high renewable energy use in Austin’s power mix and because diesel fuel is much more emitting (per kWh) than power plants. From the transit operator’s perspective, a BEB fleet costs more than a diesel bus fleet, but such costs can be more than offset by renewable energy savings and emissions-costs benefits. Thanks to SC strategies, the utility manager is estimated to save 22% of their daily power-purchase cost in this case study

Download or read book Overcoming Barriers to Electric Vehicle Deployment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric vehicle offers many promises-increasing U.S. energy security by reducing petroleum dependence, contributing to climate-change initiatives by decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, stimulating long-term economic growth through the development of new technologies and industries, and improving public health by improving local air quality. There are, however, substantial technical, social, and economic barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles, including vehicle cost, small driving range, long charging times, and the need for a charging infrastructure. In addition, people are unfamiliar with electric vehicles, are uncertain about their costs and benefits, and have diverse needs that current electric vehicles might not meet. Although a person might derive some personal benefits from ownership, the costs of achieving the social benefits, such as reduced GHG emissions, are borne largely by the people who purchase the vehicles. Given the recognized barriers to electric-vehicle adoption, Congress asked the Department of Energy (DOE) to commission a study by the National Academies to address market barriers that are slowing the purchase of electric vehicles and hindering the deployment of supporting infrastructure. As a result of the request, the National Research Council (NRC)-a part of the National Academies-appointed the Committee on Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment. This committee documented their findings in two reports-a short interim report focused on near-term options, and a final comprehensive report. Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment fulfills the request for the short interim report that addresses specifically the following issues: infrastructure needs for electric vehicles, barriers to deploying the infrastructure, and possible roles of the federal government in overcoming the barriers. This report also includes an initial discussion of the pros and cons of the possible roles. This interim report does not address the committee's full statement of task and does not offer any recommendations because the committee is still in its early stages of data-gathering. The committee will continue to gather and review information and conduct analyses through late spring 2014 and will issue its final report in late summer 2014. Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment focuses on the light-duty vehicle sector in the United States and restricts its discussion of electric vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The common feature of these vehicles is that their batteries are charged by being plugged into the electric grid. BEVs differ from PHEVs because they operate solely on electricity stored in a battery (that is, there is no other power source); PHEVs have internal combustion engines that can supplement the electric power train. Although this report considers PEVs generally, the committee recognizes that there are fundamental differences between PHEVs and BEVs.

Download or read book Electric Vehicles In Shared Fleets Mobility Management Business Models And Decision Support Systems written by Kenan Degirmenci and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrification of shared fleets offers numerous benefits, including the reduction of local emissions of pollutants, which leads to ecological improvements such as the improvement of air quality. Electric Vehicles in Shared Fleets considers a holistic concept for a socio-technical system with a focus on three core areas: integrated mobility solutions, business models for economic viability, and information systems that support decision-making for the successful implementation and operation of electric vehicles in shared fleets.In this book, we examine different aspects within these areas including multimodal mobility, grid integration of electric vehicles, shared autonomous electric vehicle services, relocation strategies in shared fleets, and the challenge of battery life of electric vehicles. Insights into the future of transport are provided, which is predicted to be shared, autonomous, and electric. This will require the expansion of the charging infrastructure to provide adequate premises for the electrification of transportation and to create market demand.

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Sharing Services for Smarter Cities written by Daniele Fabrizio Bignami and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines electric car sharing in cities from a variety of perspectives, from service design to simulation, from mathematical modeling to technology deployment, and from energy use improvement to the integration of different kinds of vehicle. The contents reflect the outcomes of the Green Move project, undertaken by Politecnico di Milano with the aim of fostering an innovative and easily accessible electric vehicle sharing system. The first section of the book illustrates the car sharing service, covering service design, the configuration of the vehicle sharing model and the Milan mobility pattern, analysis of local demand and supply, testing of the condominium-based car sharing model, and communication design for social engagement. The second section then explains the technological choices, from the architecture of the system and dynamic applications to information management, the smartphone-based energy-oriented driving assistance system, automatic fleet balancing systems, and real-time monitoring of vehicle positions. In the final section, readers will find descriptions of the simulation model, a model to estimate potential users of the service, and a model for a full-scale electric car sharing service in Milan.

Download or read book Future Drive written by Daniel Sperling and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Future Drive, Daniel Sperling addresses the adverse energy and environmental consequences of increased travel, and analyzes current initiatives to suggest strategies for creating a more environmentally benign system of transportation. Groundbreaking proposals are constructed around the idea of electric propulsion as the key to a sustainable transportation and energy system. Other essential elements include the ideas that: improving technology holds more promise than large-scale behavior modification technology initiatives must be matched with regulatory and policy initiatives government intervention should be flexible and incentive-based, but should also embrace selective technology-forcing measures more diversity and experimentation is needed with regard to vehicles and energy technologies Sperling evaluates past and current attempts to influence drivers and vehicle use, and articulates a clear and compelling vision of the future. He formulates a coherent and specific set of principles, strategies, and policies for redirecting the United States and other countries onto a new sustainable pathway.

Download or read book Power Trip written by Matthew David Dean and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate crisis requires substantial shifts in the transportation and energy sectors. Greater use of intermittent renewable energy sources requires demand- and supply-side flexibility in electricity markets. Deployment of on-demand, shared, fully automated, and electric vehicle (SAEV) fleets offers natural synergies in meeting such challenges. Smart charging (and discharging) of electric vehicles (EVs) can shift loads away from peak demand to reduce, or at least delay, expensive infrastructure upgrades, while fleet managers lower emissions and power costs in real time. This dissertation explores (1) optimization-based idle-vehicle dispatch strategies to improve SAEV fleet operations in the Austin metro, (2) integration of power and transportation system (EV-use) modeling across the Chicago metro area, and (3) a case study of demand response participation and charging station siting in a region with multiple energy suppliers. Optimizing SAEV repositioning and charging dispatch strategies jointly lowered rider wait times by 39%, on average, and increased daily trips served per SAEV by 28% (up to 6.4 additional riders), compared to separate range-agnostic repositioning and heuristic charging strategies. Joint strategies may also decrease the SAEV fleet’s empty travel by 5.7 to 12.8 percentage points (depending on geofencing and charging station density). If fleets pay dynamic electricity prices and wish to internalize their upstream charging emissions damages, a new multi-stage charging problem is required. A day-ahead energy transaction problem provides targets for a within-day idle-vehicle dispatch strategy that balances charging, discharging, repositioning, and maintenance decisions. This strategy allowed the Austin SAEV fleet to lower daily power costs (by 15.5% or $0.79/day/SAEV, on average) while reducing health damages from generation-related pollution (2.8% or $0.43/day/SAEV, on average). Fleet managers obtained higher profits ($8 per SAEV per day) by serving more passengers per day than with simpler (price-agnostic) dispatch strategies. This dissertation also coupled an agent-based travel demand simulator (POLARIS) with an electricity grid model (A-LEAF) to evaluate charging impacts on the power grid across seasons, household-EV adoption levels, SAEV mode shares, and dynamic ride-sharing assumptions in 2035 for the Chicago, Illinois metro. At relatively low EV penetration levels (8% to 17%), an increase in electricity demand will require at most 1 GW of additional generation capacity. Illinois’ transition to intermittent variable renewable energy (VRE) and phase-out of coal-fired power plants will likely not noticeably increase wholesale power prices, even with unmanaged personal EV charging at peak hours. However, wholesale power prices will increase during peak winter hours (by +$100/MWh, or $0.10/kWh) and peak summer hours (+$300/MWh) due to higher energy fees and steep congestion fees on Illinois’ 2015-era transmission system. Although a smart-charging SAEV fleet uses wholesale prices to reduce electricity demand during peak hours, spreading charging demand in hours before and after the baseline peak creates new "ridges" in energy demand, which raise prices for all. These simulation results underscore the importance of investing in transmission system expansion and reducing barriers to upgrading or building new transmission infrastructure. If vehicles and chargers support bidirectional charging, SAEVs can improve grid reliability and resilience at critical times through demand response (DR) programs that allow load curtailment and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power. Scenario testing of DR requests in Austin ranging from 1 MW to 12 MW between 4 and 5 PM reveals break-even compensation costs (to SAEV owners) that range from $86/kW to $4,160/kW (if the city imposes unoccupied travel fees), depending on vehicle locations and battery levels at the time of the DR request. Smaller requests can be met without V2G by reducing charging speeds, usually from 120 kW speed to Level 2 charging. Finally, an incremental charging station heuristic was designed to capture differences in land costs and electricity rate structures from different energy suppliers in the same region. The daily amortized costs over 10 years of hardware, installation, and land costs were estimated to be nearly $0.30/SAEV/day, compared to $0.38/SAEV/day with a baseline heuristic strategy ignoring land costs and marginal costs of expanding existing sites. SAEV charging costs showed no substantial difference between heuristic strategies, although combined daily energy fees were more expensive at $0.43/SAEV/day. Including land costs in charging station investment heuristics is necessary, and modelers should include spatially varying energy prices since the average daily per-vehicle energy costs are higher than the physical station costs. Taken together, this dissertation’s contributions offer hope for a decarbonizing world that provides affordable, clean, and convenient on-demand mobility

Download or read book Solar Powered Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles written by Larry E. Erickson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paris Agreement on Climate Change adopted on December 12, 2015 is a voluntary effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reach the goals of this agreement, there is a need to generate electricity without greenhouse gas emissions and to electrify transportation. An infrastructure of SPCSs can help accomplish both of these transitions. Globally, expenditures associated with the generation, transmission, and use of electricity are more than one trillion dollars per year. Annual transportation expenditures are also more than one trillion dollars per year. Almost everyone will be impacted by these changes in transportation, solar power generation, and smart grid developments. The benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions will differ with location, but all will be impacted. This book is about the benefits associated with adding solar panels to parking lots to generate electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide shade and shelter from rain and snow. The electricity can flow into the power grid or be used to charge electric vehicles (EVs). Solar powered charging stations (SPCSs) are already in many parking lots in many countries of the world. The prices of solar panels have decreased recently, and about 30% of the new U.S. electrical generating capacity in 2015 was from solar energy. More than one million EVs are in service in 2016, and there are significant benefits associated with a convenient charging infrastructure of SPCSs to support transportation with electric vehicles. Solar Powered Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Development aims to share information on pathways from our present situation to a world with a more sustainable transportation system with EVs, SPCSs, a modernized smart power grid with energy storage, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and better urban air quality. Covering 200 million parking spaces with solar panels can generate about 1/4 of the electricity that was generated in 2014 in the United States. Millions of EVs with 20 to 50 kWh of battery storage can help with the transition to wind and solar power generation through owners responding to time-of-use prices. Written for all audiences, high school and college teachers and students, those in industry and government, and those involved in community issues will benefit by learning more about the topics addressed in the book. Those working with electrical power and transportation, who will be in the middle of the transition, will want to learn about all of the challenges and developments that are addressed here.

Download or read book Moving Cooler written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Both the public and private sectors are grappling with decisions regarding policies that will lead to reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moving Cooler analyzes and assesses the effectiveness and costs of almost 50 transportation strategies for reducing GHG emissions, as well as evaluates combinations of those strategies. The findings of this study can help decision makers coordinate and shape effective approaches to reducing GHG emissions at all levels - national, regional, and local - while also meeting broader transportation objectives." --Book Jacket.

Download or read book Planning for Autonomy and Electrification in Future Transportation Systems written by Harprinderjot Singh and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) will improve safety, mobility, roadway capacity and provide efficient driving, efficient use of travel time, and reduced emissions. However, these technologies affect vehicle miles traveled (VMT), travel time, ownership cost, and electric grid network. Shared mobility systems can ameliorate the high price of these technologies. However, the shared mobility system poses additional problems such as users' waiting time, inconvenience, and increased VMT. Further, the impact of these emerging technologies varies on different groups of users (different values of travel time (VOTT). Another hurdle to the adoption of EVs is the limited range and scarcity of charging infrastructure. A well-established network of charging infrastructure, especially the direct current fast chargers (DCFC), can alleviate this challenge. However, the widespread adoption of EVs and the growing network of DCFC stations will increase the electric energy demand affecting the electric grid stability, demand-supply imbalance, overloading, and degradation of the electric grid components. Distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar panels and energy storage systems (ESS) can support the EV demand and reduce the load on the electric grid. This study develops modeling frameworks for the optimal adoption of AVs and EVs, considering their effect on transportation systems, the environment, and the electric grid network. Further, it suggests different scenarios that would promote the adoption of these technologies and provide a sustainable and resilient system. This study proposes a multi-objective mathematical model to estimate the optimal fleet configuration in a system of private manual-driven vehicles (PMVs), private AVs (PAVs), and shared AVs (SAVs) while minimizing the purchase and operating costs, time (travel and waiting time), and emission production. SAVs can be the optimal solution with the efficient use of travel time or the purchase price below a certain relative threshold. PAVs can be the optimal solution only if the onboard amenities are improved, lifetime mileage is increased, AV technology is installed in luxurious cars, and adopted by people with high VOTT. The framework is extended to consider different combinations of EVs, AVs, and conventional human-driven vehicles in a private and shared mobility system. The metaheuristics based on genetic and simulated annealing algorithms are developed to solve the large-scale NP-hard nonlinear optimization problem. The model is implemented for the network of Ann Arbor, Michigan. The results suggest that EVs are optimal for the system due to low operating costs and zero tailpipe emissions. Shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) are the best option for users with low VOTT. Private autonomous electric vehicles (PAEVs) would favor the system if the travel time savings are at least 20% or the price of AV technology is less than one-third of the vehicle price. The study then investigates the optimum investment technology to support the rising energy demand at the DCFC stations and reduce the load on the electric grid network. The different investments include purchasing and installing various ESS (new batteries (NB), second-life batteries (SLB), flywheels), solar panels, electric grid upgrades, and the cost of buying/selling electricity from/to the electric grid. The model is implemented for the DCFC stations supporting the future needs of EV charging demand for urban trips in the major cities of Michigan in 2030. The combination of SLBs and solar panels provides maximum benefits. The total annual and electricity savings are $25,000-$165,000 and $40,000-$300,000 per city.

Download or read book Vehicle to Grid written by Lance Noel and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book defines and charts the barriers and future of vehicle-to-grid technology: a technology that could dramatically reduce emissions, create revenue, and accelerate the adoption of battery electric cars. This technology connects the electric power grid and the transportation system in ways that will enable electric vehicles to store renewable energy and offer valuable services to the electricity grid and its markets. To understand the complex features of this emergent technology, the authors explore the current status and prospect of vehicle-to-grid, and detail the sociotechnical barriers that may impede its fruitful deployment. The book concludes with a policy roadmap to advise decision-makers on how to optimally implement vehicle-to-grid and capture its benefits to society while attempting to avoid the impediments discussed earlier in the book.

Download or read book New Mobilities written by Todd Litman and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In New Mobilities: Smart Planning for Emerging Transportation Technologies, transportation expert Todd Litman examines 12 emerging transportation modes and services that are likely to significantly affect our lives: bike- and carsharing, micro-mobilities, ridehailing and micro-transit, public transit innovations, telework, autonomous and electric vehicles, air taxis, mobility prioritization, and logistics management. Public policies around New Mobilities can either help create heaven, a well-planned transportation system that uses new technologies intelligently, or hell, a poorly planned transportation system that is overwhelmed by conflicting and costly, unhealthy, and inequitable modes. His expert analysis will help planners, local policymakers, and concerned citizens to make informed choices about the New Mobility revolution.

Download or read book Unsettled Impacts of Integrating Automated Electric Vehicles Into a Mobility as a Service Ecosystem and Effects on Traditional Transportation and Owne written by Joachim Taiber and published by Sae Edge Research Report. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current business model of the automotive industry is based on individual car ownership, yet new ridesharing companies such as Uber and Lyft are well capitalized to invest in large, commercially operated, on-demand mobility service vehicle fleets. Car manufacturers like Tesla want to incorporate personal car owners into part-time fleet operation by utilizing the company's fleet service. These robotaxi fleets can be operated profitably when the technology works in a reliable manner and regulators allow driverless operation. Although Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) models of private and commercial vehicle fleets can complement public transportation models, they may contribute to lower public transportation ridership and thus higher subsidies per ride. This can lead to inefficiencies in the utilization of existing public transportation infrastructure. MaaS platforms can also cause a reduced reliance on parking infrastructure (e.g., street parking lanes and parking garages) which can contribute to an improvement in overall traffic flow, and a reduction in capital investment for commercial and residential real-estate development. Urban planning can be better centered around the true mobility needs of the citizens without sacrificing valuable space for vehicles that are inactive most of the time. A key challenge is the transition phase where traditional forms of car ownership and transportation coexist with new forms of mobility services (before true MaaS platforms are fully optimized). Another fundamental issue is determining the true cost of car ownership and establishing ideal cost structures for on-demand mobility services in order to replace the need of owning a car. This needs to occur without compromising subsidized public transportation which provides affordable transportation for low-income groups. NOTE: SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.

Download or read book Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug in Electric Vehicles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, interest in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has grown. Advances in battery and other technologies, new federal standards for carbon-dioxide emissions and fuel economy, state zero-emission-vehicle requirements, and the current administration's goal of putting millions of alternative-fuel vehicles on the road have all highlighted PEVs as a transportation alternative. Consumers are also beginning to recognize the advantages of PEVs over conventional vehicles, such as lower operating costs, smoother operation, and better acceleration; the ability to fuel up at home; and zero tailpipe emissions when the vehicle operates solely on its battery. There are, however, barriers to PEV deployment, including the vehicle cost, the short all-electric driving range, the long battery charging time, uncertainties about battery life, the few choices of vehicle models, and the need for a charging infrastructure to support PEVs. What should industry do to improve the performance of PEVs and make them more attractive to consumers? At the request of Congress, Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles identifies barriers to the introduction of electric vehicles and recommends ways to mitigate these barriers. This report examines the characteristics and capabilities of electric vehicle technologies, such as cost, performance, range, safety, and durability, and assesses how these factors might create barriers to widespread deployment. Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles provides an overview of the current status of PEVs and makes recommendations to spur the industry and increase the attractiveness of this promising technology for consumers. Through consideration of consumer behaviors, tax incentives, business models, incentive programs, and infrastructure needs, this book studies the state of the industry and makes recommendations to further its development and acceptance.

Download or read book Planning for Sustainable Transportation Through the Integration of Technology Public Policy and Behavioral Change A Data driven Approach written by Bo Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation contributes importantly to the economy and society, but at substantial environmental cost. While much progress has been made to increase the energy efficiency of transportation systems, their continued expansion is a major threat to global climate change and urban air quality. Additional mitigation strategies are needed to reduce the negative environmental and public health impacts of transportation. In this dissertation, I tackle the complexity of achieving sustainable transportation by addressing questions arise at various stages of technology development and deployment. The first essay assesses the life cycle environmental impacts of technology pathways that convert waste resources into alternative transportation fuels and identifies the most efficient pathways for all US counties with respect to both energy production and climate benefits. I find that utilizing these resources in the contiguous US can generate 3.1 to 3.8 exajoules (EJ) of renewable energy annually, which would be a net energy gain of 2.4 to 3.2 EJ, and would displace GHG emissions of 103 to 178 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent every year. The second essay uses machine learning techniques to identify the most powerful socioeconomic, demographic, and geospatial predictors for plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) adoption across California census tracts. I find that the market penetration of PEVs is generally higher in more affluent neighborhoods with many homeowners and highly-educated residents. The lack of pro-environment intention and behaviors as well as the proportions of low-income households and low-value and high-density housing units negatively associate with PEV adoption. I also find that the deployment of workplace charging may be more effective than the deployment of public DC fast charging. The third essay analyzes the energy and environmental impacts of transit bus electrification and identifies strategies for charging infrastructure deployment at public transit agencies in Los Angeles County. I find that the transition to battery electric buses would increase particulate matter emissions from brake and tire wear in the near term and immediately reduce NOx, CO, and GHG emissions. Smart charging would be a critical element in the planning of transit bus electrification, as it reduces costs associated with charging infrastructure and electric demand by lowering charger needs and shaving peak load. In concert, the three essays in this dissertation expand the current literature in multiple fields and the findings presented in each of the three essays have important implications for research and practices in the area of sustainable transportation at various geographical scales.