Download or read book Sustainable Alternative Materials in Unbound Granular Layers of Pavement Structures written by Adam C. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Part 1 of this thesis, reclaimed cement concrete (commonly referred to as recycled concrete aggregate or RCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are investigated as potential alternative construction materials for Granular B Type II subbase fill. Ontario Provincial Standard Specification (OPSS) 1010 currently allows the common use of processed reclaimed construction materials in a variety of road base, subbase and asphaltic concrete layers, with the notable exception of Granular B Type II, which at present may only include 100% crushed bedrock, talus, iron blast furnace slag or nickel slag. As more restrictions are placed on zoning and approvals for new natural aggregate extraction sites in Ontario, there is a need to better understand the performance of materials such as RCA and RAP as economically beneficial potential aggregate sources for granular base and subbase fill layers. An experimental program was created to assess and analyze the performance characteristics of a series of different subbase test mixtures incorporating RCA and/or RAP, either pure or blended with crushed bedrock, and the impact of the inclusion of these materials when compared to a conventional 100% crushed bedrock test mix meeting OPSS 1010 requirements for Granular B Type II. The performance characteristics to be assessed were field compactibility, gradations before and after field compaction, physical properties, standard and modified Proctor tests, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), permeability, resilient moduli and lightweight deflectometer (LWD) resilient moduli. Field testing programs conducted at Quarry 1 in Ottawa, Ontario and Quarry 2 in Burlington, Ontario indicate that the subbase test mixtures meeting OPSS Granular B Type II gradation requirements and incorporating different proportions of crushed rock, RCA and/or RAP exhibit similar field rolling compactibility relative to 100% crushed rock. Grain size analysis testing showed some aggregate breakdown in multiple test mixes, with only minimal increases in material passing the 75 μm sieve, which is crucial to preserving permeability and drainage characteristics. Tests using a lightweight deflectometer (LWD) were subject to substantial variability but indicated that mixes using elevated levels of RCA (50% and 100%) can potentially have lower in-situ moduli compared to the other blends tested. Laboratory tests indicate that high replacement levels of RCA can be used in subbase materials as a substitute for 100% crushed rock while maintaining good water permeability characteristics and similar or higher resilient moduli in blends incorporating RCA and/or RAP. CBR testing results were similar across all test blends incorporating crushed rock and RCA, but also indicated that the inclusion of 30% RAP can potentially reduce the bearing capacity of the granular material by approximately 30-40% in comparison to all other blends which do not contain RAP. Based on the overall results of this study, RCA and RAP appear to be capable of successfully substituting for natural aggregates in Granular B Type II in a range of compositional proportions. It is recommended that test sections should be completed on highway contracts with subbase mixture blends incorporating RCA and/or RAP in order to verify their performance in pavement structures in the field. In Part 2 of this thesis, foam glass lightweight aggregates (LWA) are investigated as a potential pavement engineering design alternative in order to mitigate roadway loading impacts upon underlying subgrade soils while promoting the sustainable and economical use of recycled waste glass. Foamyna Canada Inc. supplied the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT) with two foam glass lightweight aggregate materials, designated in this thesis as LWA-A and LWA-B. Physical properties testing was carried out by CPATT, including grain size analysis, crushed particle content, flat and elongated particle content, Micro-Deval abrasion resistance, cyclic freezing-and-thawing resistance and resilient modulus testing procedures. These procedures were conducted in order to evaluate the LWA materials against locally applicable standards, namely Ontario Provincial Standard Specification document OPSS 1010 as currently used by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The laboratory testing detailed in Part 2 indicates that both LWA-A and LWA-B have a very consistent and repeatable gradation with a high percentage of coarse aggregates. Both foam glass materials have very high crushed particle contents and very low flat and elongated particle contents. Micro-Deval abrasion resistance, freeze-and-thaw resistance and resilient moduli were also excellent for both materials, while relative density testing indicated LWA material specific gravity values which were substantially lower than that of water. However, it was found that the gradations of these two tested materials do not satisfy the existing requirements of OPSS 1010, which were developed for natural aggregates and, as currently constituted, may not be appropriately adapted to artificial lightweight aggregates. The coarse nature of the LWA materials would be highly beneficial to ensure the stability of the granular layers and prevent upward capillary water movement into other layers of the pavement structure. Pavement design calculations were carried out using the AASHTO 1993 empirical design procedure and found that utilizing foam glass LWA as a lightweight subgrade replacement fill material can result in substantially leaner pavement structures as compared to the use of conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks as an artificial subgrade. A life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) procedure carried out on these pavement designs showed that the use of foam glass LWA as a lightweight fill material underlying pavement can result in overall cost savings of over 30 percent relative to pavement structures which are underlain by EPS geofoam. Overall, the two tested LWA materials showed excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, and would be suitable for use in pavement structures as innovative lightweight and environmentally friendly alternatives to natural aggregate materials.

Download or read book Unbound Granular Materials written by A. Gomes Correia and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainability Issues in Civil Engineering written by G.L. Sivakumar Babu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation on sustainability issues in civil engineering comprises contributions from international experts who have been working in the area of sustainability in civil engineering. Many of the contributions have been presented as keynote lectures at the International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure (ICSCI) held in Hyderabad, India. The book has been divided into core themes of Sustainable Transportation Systems, Sustainable Geosystems, Sustainable Environmental and Water Resources and Sustainable Structural Systems. Use of sustainability principles in engineering has become an important component of the process of design and in this context, design and analysis approaches in civil engineering are being reexamined to incorporate the principles of sustainable designs and construction in practice. Developing economies are on the threshold of rapid infrastructure growth and there is a need to compile the developments in various branches of civil engineering and highlight the issues. It is this need that prompted the composition of this book. The contents of this book will be useful to students, professionals, and researchers working on sustainability related problems in civil engineering. The book also provides a perspective on sustainability for practicing civil engineers who are not directly researching the problems but are affected by the concerns in the course of their profession. The book can also serve to highlight to policy makers and governing bodies the need to have a mandate for sustainable infrastructural development.

Download or read book Sustainable Construction Materials written by Ravindra K. Dhir OBE and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Construction Materials: Recycled Aggregate focuses on the massive systematic need that is necessary to encourage the uptake of recycled and secondary materials (RSM) in the construction industry. This book is the fifth and the last of the series on sustainable construction materials and like the previous four, it is also different to the norm. Its uniqueness lies in using the newly developed, Analytical Systemisation Method, in building the data-matrix sourced from 1413 publications, contributed by 2213 authors from 965 institutions in 67 countries, from 1977 to 2018, on the subject of recycled aggregate as a construction material, and systematically analysing, evaluating and modelling this information for use of the material as an aggregate concrete and mortar, geotechnics and road pavement applications. Environmental issues, case studies and standards are also discussed. The work establishes what is already known and can be used to further progress the use of sustainable construction materials. It can also help to avoid repetitive research and save valuable resources. The book is structured in an incisive and easy to digest manner and is particularly suited for researchers, academics, design engineers, specifiers, contractors, and government bodies dealing with construction works. Provides an exhaustive and comprehensively organized list of globally-based published literature spanning 5000 references Offers an analysis, evaluation, repackaging and modeling of existing knowledge that encourages more responsible use of waste materials Provides a wealth of knowledge for use in many sectors relating to the construction profession, including academia, research, practice and adoption of RSM

Download or read book Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials written by Yue Xiao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue “Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials” has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of environmentally-friendly designed pavement materials. For this reason, articles included in this special issue relate to different aspects of pavement materials, from industry solid waste recycling to pavement materials recycling, from pavement materials modification to asphalt performance characterization, from pavement defect detection to pavement maintenance, and from asphalt pavement to cement concrete pavement.

Download or read book Estimating Stiffness of Subgrade and Unbound Materials for Pavement Design written by Anand J. Puppala and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2008 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.

Download or read book Materials for Sustainable Infrastructure written by Leslie Struble and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes a unique group of chapters focusing on new advances in materials for infrastructure sustainability. Chapters have been well-organized and handled by a group of international experts in order to discuss a timely topic with regards to the sustainable infrastructures. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

Download or read book Mechanistic empirical Pavement Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable and Resilient Critical Infrastructure Systems written by Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable and resilient critical infrastructure systems is an emerging paradigm in an evolving era of depleting assets in the midst of natural and man-made threats to provide a sustainable and high quality of life with optimized resources from social, economic, societal and environmental considerations. The increasing complexity and interconnectedness of civil and other interdependent infrastructure systems (electric power, energy, cyber-infrastructures, etc.) require inter- and multidisciplinary expertise required to engineer, monitor, and sustain these distributed large-scale complex adaptive infrastructure systems. This edited book is motivated by recent advances in simulation, modeling, sensing, communications/information, and intelligent and sustainable technologies that have resulted in the development of sophisticated methodologies and instruments to design, characterize, optimize, and evaluate critical infrastructure systems, their resilience, and their condition and the factors that cause their deterioration. Specific topics discussed in this book include, but are not limited to: optimal infrastructure investment allocation for sustainability, framework for manifestation of tacit critical infrastructure knowledge, interdependencies between energy and transportation systems for national long term planning, intelligent transportation infrastructure technologies, emergent research issues in infrastructure interdependence research, framework for assessing the resilience of infrastructure and economic systems, maintenance optimization for heterogeneous infrastructure systems, optimal emergency infrastructure inspection scheduling, and sustainable rehabilitation of deteriorated transportation infrastructure systems.

Download or read book Practices for Unbound Aggregate Pavement Layers written by E. Tutumluer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 445: Practices for Unbound Aggregate Pavement Layers consolidates information on the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice of designing and constructing unbound aggregate pavement layers. The report summarizes effective practices related to material selection, design, and construction of unbound aggregate layers to potentially improve pavement performance and longevity."--Publisher website.

Download or read book A Methodology for Testing and Implementing Selected Recycled Materials and Industrial By products in Road Construction written by Ana Mladenovič and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the results and conclusions of research which was performed within the scope of Task 3.2 - Sustainable road construction processes that include recycling of materials and use of industrial by-products, which is part of WP 3: IMPROVEMENT OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE. It deals with the applicability of two types of alternative materials in road construction: firstly, aggregate from steel slag in wearing asphalt layers, and, secondly, aggregate from crushed building rubble in unbound layers.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th Congr s International de G otechnique Ouvrages Structures written by Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 1181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume for the 4th international conference CIGOS 2017 (Congrès International de Géotechnique - Ouvrages - Structures) presents novel technologies, solutions and research advances, making it an excellent guide in civil engineering for researchers, students, and professional engineers alike. Since 2010, CIGOS has become a vital forum for international scientific exchange on civil engineering. It aims to promote beneficial economic partnerships and technology exchanges between enterprises, worldwide institutions and universities. Following the success of the last three CIGOS conferences (2010, 2013 and 2015), the 4th conference was held at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam on 26 to 27 October 2017. The main scientific themes of CIGOS 2017 were focused on ‘New Challenges in Civil Engineering’.

Download or read book Evaluation of Nonlinear Resilient Moduli of Unbound Granular Materials from Accelerated Traffic Test Data written by Yu T. Chou and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for evaluating the resilient moduli of unbound granular materials is presented herein. The moduli were back-calculated from correlations of performance data of numerous full-scale accelerated traffic test pavements with computed critical stresses and strains of test pavements. The test pavements consisted of conventional flexible pavements as well as all-bituminous concrete (ABC) pavements. The loadings include single and multiple wheels. The stresses and strains in the pavement structures were computed by the finite element technique incorporated with the tried non-linear stress-strain relations of pavement materials. A general discussion on the nonlinear characteristics of pavement materials and limitations of the finite element computer program is presented. The parameters used to establish the correlations included (a) radial tensile strains at the bottom of the ABC, (b) maximum radial tensile strains and minimum ratios of radial tensile stress to vertical stress in the unbound granular layers, and (c) vertical strains at the subgrade surface. Parameter b was developed only for single-wheel loads. The principle of superposition was used in the computations for multiple-wheel load assemblies.

Download or read book Rigid and Flexible Pavement Design and Analysis written by and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1989 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993 written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design related project level pavement management - Economic evaluation of alternative pavement design strategies - Reliability / - Pavement design procedures for new construction or reconstruction : Design requirements - Highway pavement structural design - Low-volume road design / - Pavement design procedures for rehabilitation of existing pavements : Rehabilitation concepts - Guides for field data collection - Rehabilitation methods other than overlay - Rehabilitation methods with overlays / - Mechanistic-empirical design procedures.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Pavement Design Modeling and Performance written by Sherif El-Badawy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes a collection of research and practical papers from an international research and technology activities on recent developments in pavement design, modeling and performance, and effects on infrastructure, green energy, technology and integration. Sustainability is increasingly a key priority in engineering practices. With the aging transportation infrastructure and renewed emphasis on infrastructure renovation by transportation agencies, innovations are urgently needed to develop materials, designs, and practices to ensure the sustainability of transportation infrastructure. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 – The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).

Download or read book Guide to Cement treated Base CTB written by Gregory E. Halsted and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cement-treated base (CTB) is a general term that applies to an mixture of native soils and/or manufactured aggregates with measured amounts of portland cement and water that is compacted and cured to form a strong, durable, frost resistant paving material. Other descriptions such as soil-cement base, cement-treated aggregate base, cement-stabilized base are sometimes used. This document provides a basic guide on the use of cement-treated base (CTB) for pavement applications. This document provides on overview on the design and construction of CTB for both mixed-in-place and central plant mixed operations. A suggested construction specification is also included.