Download or read book Survival of Neonate Mule Deer Fawns in Southern Utah written by Jacob Tyler Hall and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second, we examined how synchrony of parturition affects the survival and cause-specific mortality of neonate mule deer. Reproductive synchrony is a strategy that influences the survival of juveniles and the growth of populations. Our objective was to test three possible explanations for the synchrony of parturition in mule deer; 1) pressure of predation on newborns, 2) a hybrid of predation and environmental effects, and 3) weather and food availability. To determine the effects of the timing of parturition on the survival and predator-related mortality of neonate mule deer, we used multi-model inference within Program MARK and a known-fate model. Our results indicated that the timing of parturition influenced survival and predator-related mortality of neonate mule deer. There was a lag between the onset of parturition of mule deer and predation of mule deer by fawns; individuals born close to the onset of parturition had higher survival and lower predator-related mortality than those whose births were delayed relative to the onset of parturition. Since predators selected for neonate mule deer that were born late, predator learning may partially explain reproductive synchrony in mule deer. Environmental factors may have a greater effect than predation on the survival of early-born individuals.

Download or read book Advances in the Conservation of Large Terrestrial Mammals written by R. Terry Bowyer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-27 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large mammals are threatened worldwide. Life histories characterized by long life spans, delayed age at first reproduction, iteroparity, small litter sizes, high maternal investment in offspring, and long generation times expose many iconic large mammals to elevated risks of extinction. Among these risks are habitat loss, habitat degradation, escalating threats of climate change, illegal killing, disease, or inbreeding. Comprehending the threats faced by large mammals, and exploring how to counter those challenges effectively, are important steps toward conserving wild populations now and in the near future.

Download or read book Ecology and Management of Black tailed and Mule Deer of North America written by James R. Heffelfinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black-tailed and mule deer represent one of the largest distributions of mammals in North America and are symbols of the wide-open American West. Each chapter in this book was authored by the world’s leading experts on that topic. Both editors, James R. Heffelfinger and Paul R. Krausman, are widely published in the popular and scientific press and recipients of the O. C. Wallmo Award, given every two years to a leading black-tailed and mule deer expert who has made significant contributions to the conservation of this species. In addition, Heffelfinger has chaired the Mule Deer Working Group sponsored by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for more than 15 years. This working group consists of the leading black-tailed and mule deer experts from each of 24 states, provinces, and territories in western North America, putting them at the forefront of all conservation and much of the research on this species. The book represents all current knowledge available on these deer, including how changing conditions such as fires, habitat alteration and loss, disease, climate change, socio-economic forces, energy development, and other aspects are influencing their distribution and abundance now and into the future. It takes a completely fresh look at all chapter topics. The revisions of distribution, taxonomy, evolution, behavior, and new and exciting work being done in deer nutrition, migration and movements, diseases, predation, and human dimensions are all assembled in this volume. This book will instantly become the foundation for the latest information and management strategies to be implemented on the ground by practitioners and to inform the public. Although this book is about deer, the topics discussed influence most terrestrial wildlife worldwide, and the basic concepts in many of the chapters are applicable to other species.

Download or read book Mule Deer Reproduction and Survival in the LaSal Mountains Utah written by Randall B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting Survival of Mule Deer Fawns written by Ronald Henry Smith and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Birth Site Selection and Neonate Survival of Mule Deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon written by Danielle R. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mule deer (Odecoilius hemionus) populations have been in decline in recent decades for a variety of reasons including habitat loss, disease, and competition. We were interested in what factors influence survival of neonatal mule deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Individuals should select resources to increase fitness; therefore, females should select parturition sites with characteristics that have the potential to increase survival of their neonates. We examined what habitat characteristics females selected at birth sites as well as how those selected characteristics affected neonate survival. Additionally, we were interested in how changes in forage quality, maternal condition, climate, maternal age, and physical characteristics of neonates affected their survival. We conducted our research at Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast, Oregon, primarily in the Main study area. We captured adult females during the winters of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, and fitted them with GPS collars as well as inserting vaginally implanted transmitters. When parturition occurred in May and June, we located neonates and birth sites. Neonates were fitted with expandable collars so that we could monitor mortality. We measured metatarsus length, chest girth, and weight for adults and neonates. Additionally, we quantified body condition, measured maximum rump fat, and measured the jaw and body length of adults. At birth sites and 2 adjacent random sites, we measured overstory and hiding cover, the number of trees and shrubs, the distance to the nearest transition in vegetation type, and aspect. We determined selection of habitat characteristics at birth sites with resource selection functions using a mixed effects logistic regression. We chose our best model based on Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size. Our best model included significant parameters indicating selection for south facing slopes, increased overstory cover, and increased amounts of woody debris. We modeled neonate survival until weaning using the nest survival module in program MARK. We included different age trends to determine how survival changed. Survival from birth to weaning was 0.3169 (SE 0.706) and did not differ between years. Our best model indicated that survival changed daily from birth to day 30 and then began to stabilize and change weekly until weaning. Additionally our best model included a parameter for birth sites located on south facing slopes. Our results indicate that neonates born on south facing slopes have higher survival rates than those born in other locations. South facing slopes in this montane forested ecosystem are warmer and drier, providing a more stable microclimate for neonates who are born with few energy reserves. South facing slopes likely allow neonates to minimize energy use, which may increase their survival. Results from birth site selection analysis indicates that females selected habitat characteristics that increase hiding cover, potentially decreasing mortality by reducing predation events at birth sites. A better understanding of how deer select habitat characteristics to increase survival as well as what factors increase susceptibility to mortality allows for better management of populations. Management strategies that account for factors influencing survival will be better suited to counter population declines across the west.

Download or read book The Oak Creek Mule Deer Herd in Utah written by W. Leslie Robinette and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Mule Deer Fawn Survival and Birth Site Habitat Attributes in South central Oregon written by David Speten and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in south-central Oregon are near their lowest levels since census efforts began in 1961. I investigated fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and factors contributing to mortality from 2010 - 2012 to identify potential causes for the decline. I also explored pre-parturition and parturition site characteristics. I studied fawn survival among two different population segments in south-central Oregon. Adult females (n = 126;> 1 year old) were captured on winter ranges to collect biological samples and attach transmitters. Vaginal implant transmitters facilitated the capture of fawns (n = 127). Fawns (birth to

Download or read book Survival and Cause specific Mortality of Mule Deer Fawns Along the Upper Santa Fe Trail Northcentral New Mexico written by Laurie Araceli Lomas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Survival of Mule Deer Odocoileus Hemionus Fawns in Eastern Washington written by Tamara Lee Johnstone-Yellin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Enhanced Nutrition on Mule Deer Population Rate of Change written by Chad J. Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Concerns over declining mule deer (Odocoileu hemionus) populations during the 1990s prompted research efforts to identify and understand key limiting factors of deer. Similar to past deer declines, a top priority of state wildlife agencies was to evaluate the relative importance of habitat and predation. We therefore evaluated the effect of enhanced nutrition of deer during winter and spring of fecundity and survival rates using a life table response experiment involving free-ranging mule deer on the Uncompahgre Plateau in southwest Colorado, USA"--page 1.

Download or read book Differential Winter Mortality Between Male and Female Mule Deer Fawns in Utah written by J. C. Pederson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Parturition of Mule Deer in Southern Utah written by Eric D. Freeman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because neonate ungulates are most vulnerable to predation during parturition and shortly thereafter, selecting sites for parturition can have direct fitness consequences. We investigated the selection of sites for parturition by mule deer. We utilized vaginal implant transmitters to identify sites of parturition. We then obtained and compared macro- and micro- habitat features between sites of parturition and associated random sites. Partutitient females selected sites based on topography, habitat-type, and obscurity. Enhanced understanding of habitat variables that are selected for parturition provides insight into the life history or behavior of a species and allows managers to ensure that suitable habitat is available for this stage of life-cycles.

Download or read book Mortality and Habitat Use of White tailed Deer Fawns in the Central Black Hills South Dakota 1994 1998 written by Ted A. Benzon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mule Deer Reproduction and Survival in the La Sal Mountains Utah written by Randall B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal interviews were carried out with five cattle ranchers faced with typical locoweed problems. These beef cattle operations were located in Utah, Wyoming, and New Mexico. All of these producers described similar problems and losses due to locoweed poisoning. Information obtained from these interviews was used to estimate a 1978 dollar loss for three ranches, running in common, and located near Park Valley, Utah. This study found the problem areas to be: (1) reduced weaning weights of calves; (2) increased requirements in the number of replacement heifers; (3) an increase in death loss; (4) reproductive problems (abortions and infertility); and (5) increased costs associated with labor and management problems. The summation of economic losses in each of these problem areas reflected a total estimated loss of 30,689.02 dollars in 1978. To determine if locoweed poisoning had long-range effects on weight gains, a sample of 20 calves were put on a 138-day feeding experiment. Of these 20 calves, 12 had grazed a locoweed-infested area, while the remaining 8 had no access to the plant. Overall average gain of both groups was found to be nearly identical. This indicates that animals will recover with proper but, sometimes, costly management. Profitability of spraying locoweed-infested ranges with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was determined through information supplied by the Wyoming rancher. An internal rate of return of 39.4 percent was found by using this method of locoweed control in this particular instance. Ranchers interviewed in this study estimated their losses due to locoweed poisoning to be from 30 to 40 percent reduction in profit. Although profit margins were not determined, the estimated loss of

Download or read book Mule Deer Fawn Survival on Cattle grazed and Ungrazed Desert Ranges written by Ronald G. Horejsi and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fawn Survival Cause specific Mortality and Bed site Selection of White tailed Deer and Mule Deer in Western Kansas written by Mitchell J. Kern and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) are common sympatric deer species in the Great Plains and western United States that have exhibited divergent population trends temporally and spatially. Mule deer populations are declining and contracting to the west while white-tailed deer populations are expanding. Species-specific differences in fawn recruitment is one proposed explanation for these observed trends, although the underlying causes remain unknown. To determine if landscape or other habitat changes are affecting the two deer species in different ways, we studied bed-site selection of mule deer and white-tailed deer fawns in western Kansas at microhabitat and landscape scales. We also assessed how fawn intrinsic factors, doe maternal condition, and bed-site habitat characteristics influenced survival of mule deer and white-tailed deer fawns. In February 2018 and 2019, we captured 120 adult does (60 mule deer, 60 white-tailed deer) using helicopter net-gun techniques and deployed 120 vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) synchronized with GPS collars deployed on does. Upon VIT expulsion, a birthing event notification was triggered, which narrowed search efforts for fawns. We captured and radio-collared 100 fawns (53 mule deer, 47 white-tailed deer) during 12 May- 23 June in 2018 and 2019. Fawns were visually located daily using ground-based radio-telemetry and we assessed bed-site selection, cause-specific mortality, and survival rates until fawns reached 10 weeks of age. Overall, fawn survival was low (0.32 ± 0.06) and did not differ between species (mule deer: 0.25 ± 0.08; white-tailed deer: 0.41 ± 0.08). Adult chest girth was positively associated with 70-day white-tailed deer fawn survival, longer fawn body length increased 7-day white-tailed deer fawn survival, and fawn sex best predicted 7-day mule deer fawn survival. Model uncertainty indicated fawn intrinsic factors and maternal conditions may be poor predictors of fawn survival. White-tailed deer survival was lower for fawns with more woodland in their home ranges and mule deer fawn survival exhibited a positive quadratic relationship with the amount of grassland within the home range. Mule deer fawn survival increased with the amount of edge and disaggregation within a home range, but landscape configuration did not explain survival of white-tailed deer fawns. We analyzed microhabitat characteristics at 2689 fawn bed-sites and 2689 paired random points. Bed-site selection differed by species; however, vegetative structure was the most influential microhabitat characteristic for both deer species. Mule deer fawns selected for 75% visual obstruction 8.4 dm tall, less grass cover, more succulent cover, and 56% shrub cover at bed-sites. White-tailed deer fawns selected for 25% visual obstruction 9.2 dm tall, 71% forest canopy cover, and less grass cover and bare-ground at bed-sites. The two species also showed differences in landscape selection. The odds of a white-tailed deer fawn bed-site increased 5.88 times in woodlands, whereas odds of a mule deer fawn bed-site increased 2.85 times in CRP. Our research suggests white-tailed deer fawns and mule deer fawns selected different characteristics for bed-sites at the microhabitat and landscape scale. Bed-site selection likely influences fawn survival, which could affect fawn recruitment. Managers should focus on maintaining heterogeneous landscapes composed mainly of native and Conservation Reserve Program grasslands with abundant cover to enhance mule deer fawn survival and bolster adult populations.