Download or read book Surrogates of the State written by Michael Jennings and published by Kumarian Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Uses an instructive historical event to show how NGOs with good intentions are sometimes capable of supporting harmful government policies * A fascinating picture of the players involved in misguided development program In Surrogates of the State Jennings explores the delicate relationship between development NGOs and the states they work in using his exhaustive and illuminating case study of Tanzania in the 1960s and 70s. During that time Tanzania instituted the rural socialist Ujamaa program, resulting in the forced resettlement of 6 million people to villages, transforming the map of the country. Rather than questioning this policy, NGOs working in the area (as typified by Oxfam) became surrogates of the state, helping to carry out the program. Jennings argues that the NGO community was seduced by its own interpretations of what Ujamaa represented, and was consequently blinded to the dark realities of resettlement. Bound by ideological chains of their own forging, organizations that in other contexts have criticized over-mighty states and the use of overt force, NGOs committed themselves fully to Tanzania and its development policy. Through this study, the book uncovers not just the story of development in Tanzania in this critical period, but the history of the NGO itself. And in doing so, raises questions about the future direction of this institution which has become so prominent in international development.
Download or read book Surrogate Warfare written by Andreas Krieg and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surrogate Warfare explores the emerging phenomenon of “surrogate warfare” in twenty-first century conflict. The popular notion of war is that it is fought en masse by the people of one side versus the other. But the reality today is that both state and non-state actors are increasingly looking to shift the burdens of war to surrogates. Surrogate warfare describes a patron's outsourcing of the strategic, operational, or tactical burdens of warfare, in whole or in part, to human and/or technological substitutes in order to minimize the costs of war. This phenomenon ranges from arming rebel groups, to the use of armed drones, to cyber propaganda. Krieg and Rickli bring old, related practices such as war by mercenary or proxy under this new overarching concept. Apart from analyzing the underlying sociopolitical drivers that trigger patrons to substitute or supplement military action, this book looks at the intrinsic trade-offs between substitutions and control that shapes the relationship between patron and surrogate. Surrogate Warfare will be essential reading for anyone studying contemporary conflict.
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogates Courts of the State of New York 1857 1882 written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogates Courts of the State of New York written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Procedure and Law of Surrogates Courts of the State of New York written by Willis Edgar Heaton and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Law and Practice of Surrogates Courts in the State of New York written by Amasa Angell Redfield and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-04-25 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1881.
Download or read book The Law and Practice of Surrogates Courts in the State of New York written by Amasa Angell Redfield and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogates Courts of the State of New York written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogate s Court of the County of New York 1849 1857 written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1872 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogates Courts of the State of New York written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Cannibal Markets written by Collectif and published by Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to recent progress in biotechnology, surrogacy, transplantation of organs and tissues, blood products or stem-cell and gamete banks are now widely used throughout the world. These techniques improve the health and well-being of some human beings using products or functions that come from the body of others. Growth in demand and absence of an appropriate international legal framework have led to the development of a lucrative global trade in which victims are often people living in insecure conditions who have no other ways to survive than to rent or sell part of their body. This growing market, in which parts of the human body are bought and sold with little respect for the human person, displays a kind of dehumanization that looks like a new form of slavery. This book is the result of a collective and multidisciplinary reflection organized by a group of international researchers working in the field of medicine and social sciences. It helps better understand how the emergence of new health industries may contribute to the development of a global medical tourism. It opens new avenues for reflection on technologies that are based on appropriation of parts of the body of others for health purposes, a type of practice that can be metaphorically compared to cannibalism. Are these the fi rst steps towards a proletariat of men- and women-objects considered as a reservoir of products of human origin needed to improve the health or well-being of the better-off? The book raises the issue of the uncontrolled use of medical advances that can sometimes reach the anticipations of dystopian literature and science fiction.
Download or read book Wombs in Labor written by Amrita Pande and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surrogacy is IndiaÕs new form of outsourcing, as couples from all over the world hire Indian women to bear their children for a fraction of the cost of surrogacy elsewhere with little to no government oversight or regulation. In the first detailed ethnography of IndiaÕs surrogacy industry, Amrita Pande visits clinics and hostels and speaks with surrogates and their families, clients, doctors, brokers, and hostel matrons in order to shed light on this burgeoning business and the experiences of the laborers within it. From recruitment to training to delivery, PandeÕs research focuses on how reproduction meets production in surrogacy and how this reflects characteristics of IndiaÕs larger labor system. PandeÕs interviews prove surrogates are more than victims of disciplinary power, and she examines the strategies they deploy to retain control over their bodies and reproductive futures. While some women are coerced into the business by their families, others negotiate with clients and their clinics to gain access to technologies and networks otherwise closed to them. As surrogates, the women Pande meets get to know and make the most of advanced medical discoveries. They traverse borders and straddle relationships that test the boundaries of race, class, religion, and nationality. Those who focus on the inherent inequalities of IndiaÕs surrogacy industry believe the practice should be either banned or strictly regulated. Pande instead advocates for a better understanding of this complex labor market, envisioning an international model of fair-trade surrogacy founded on openness and transparency in all business, medical, and emotional exchanges.
Download or read book The Law and Practice in the Surrogates Courts in the State of New York written by Henry Wynans Jessup and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surrogates written by Robert B. Gramacy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer simulation experiments are essential to modern scientific discovery, whether that be in physics, chemistry, biology, epidemiology, ecology, engineering, etc. Surrogates are meta-models of computer simulations, used to solve mathematical models that are too intricate to be worked by hand. Gaussian process (GP) regression is a supremely flexible tool for the analysis of computer simulation experiments. This book presents an applied introduction to GP regression for modelling and optimization of computer simulation experiments. Features: • Emphasis on methods, applications, and reproducibility. • R code is integrated throughout for application of the methods. • Includes more than 200 full colour figures. • Includes many exercises to supplement understanding, with separate solutions available from the author. • Supported by a website with full code available to reproduce all methods and examples. The book is primarily designed as a textbook for postgraduate students studying GP regression from mathematics, statistics, computer science, and engineering. Given the breadth of examples, it could also be used by researchers from these fields, as well as from economics, life science, social science, etc.
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogate s Court of the County of New York 1849 1857 Feb 1854 Feb 1856 written by New York (State). Surrogate's Court (New York County) and published by . This book was released on 1868 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Surrogate s Courts of the State of New York written by New York (State). Surrogates' Courts and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Full Surrogacy Now written by Sophie Lewis and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where pregnancy is concerned, let every pregnancy be for everyone. Let us overthrow, in short, the “family” The surrogacy industry is estimated to be worth over $1 billion a year, and many of its surrogates around the world work in terrible conditions—deception, wage-stealing and money skimming are rife; adequate medical care is horrifyingly absent; and informed consent is depressingly rare. In Full Surrogacy Now, Sophie Lewis brings a fresh and unique perspective to the topic. Often, we think of surrogacy as the problem, but, Full Surrogacy Now argues, we need more surrogacy, not less! Rather than looking at surrogacy through a legal lens, Lewis argues that the needs and protection of surrogates should be put front and center. Their relationship to the babies they gestate must be rethought, as part of a move to recognize that reproduction is productive work. Only then can we begin to break down our assumptions that children “belong” to those whose genetics they share. Taking collective responsibility for children would radically transform our notions of kinship, helping us to see that it always takes a village to make a baby.
