Download or read book Surface Water Treatment by Roughing Filters written by Martin Wegelin and published by Skat. This book was released on 1996 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication presents the concept, design and field experience of roughing filters applied as pretreatment prior to slow sand filters. It describes treatment processes which convert turbid surface water into clear drinking water. The presented treatment methods are simple, efficient and reliable and therefore appropriate for rural water supply schemes.
Download or read book Surface Water Treatment by Roughing Filters written by Martin Wegelin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Slow Sand Filtration written by Nigel Jonathon Douglas Graham and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Filtration Strategies to Meet the Surface Water Treatment Rule written by Raymond D. Letterman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roughing Filtration of Surface Water for Village Supplies in Developing Countries written by Saleh Toro Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources written by David J. Hiltebrand and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual suggests design operating and performance criteria for specific surface water quality conditions to provide the optimum protection from microbiological contaminants.
Download or read book Sustainable Drinking Water Treatment for Small Communities Using Multistage Slow Sand Filtration electronic Resource written by Cleary, Shawn A and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow sand filtration is a proven and sustainable technology for drinking water treatment in small communities. The process, however, is sensitive to lower water temperatures that can lead to decreased biological treatment, and high raw water turbidity levels that can lead to premature clogging of the filter and frequent cleaning requirements, resulting in increased risk of pathogen breakthrough. Multistage filtration, consisting of roughing filtration followed by slow sand filtration, can overcome these treatment limitations and provide a robust treatment alternative for surface water sources of variable water quality in northern climates, which typically experience water temperatures ranging down to 2C̊. Prior to this study, however, multistage filtration had yet to be systematically challenged in colder climates, including testing of its performance under increased hydraulic loadings and elevated influent turbidity together with cold water conditions. The primary goal of this research was to demonstrate the reliability of multistage filtration for small communities in northern climates with reference to the Ontario Safe Drinking Water Act. In this research, testing was conducted on two different pilot multistage filtration systems and fed with water from the Grand River, a municipally and agriculturally impacted river in Southern Ontario. One system featured pre-ozonation and post-granular activated carbon (GAC) stages, and shallower bed depths in the roughing filter and slow sand filter. The other system featured deeper bed depths in the roughing filter and slow sand filter, two parallel roughing filters of different design for comparison, and a second stage of slow sand filtration for increased robustness. Removal of turbidity, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms under a range of influent turbidities (1 to>100 NTU), water temperatures (~2 to 20C̊), and hydraulic loading rates (0.2 to 0.8 m/h) were investigated. In addition, the slow sand filters in each pilot system were challenged with high concentrations (~10¡ oocyst/L) of inactivated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The performance of both pilot multistage filtration systems was highly dependent on the biological maturity of the system and its hydraulic loading rate. In a less mature system operating in cold water conditions (5C̊), effluent turbidity was mostly below 0.5 NTU during periods of stable influent turbidity (no runoff events) and a hydraulic loading of 0.4 m/h, however, runoff events of high influent turbidity (50 NTU), increased hydraulic loadings (0.6 m/h), and filter cleaning occasionally resulted in effluent turbidity above 1 NTU. Furthermore, in a less mature system operating during runoff events of high turbidity, reducing the hydraulic loading rate to 0.2 m/h was important for achieving effluent turbidity below 1 NTU. However, in a more mature system operating in warm water conditions (19-22C̊), effluent turbidity was consistently below 0.3 NTU at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.4 m/h, and below 0.5 NTU at 0.8 m/h, despite numerous events of high influent turbidity (>25 NTU). It remains to be seen whether this performance could be sustained in colder water temperatures with a fully mature filter. Removal of coliform bacteria was occasionally incomplete in a less mature multistage system, whereas, in a more mature system operating in warm water conditions (>9C̊), removal was complete in all measurements. Furthermore, the average removal of Cryptosporidium was greater than 2.5 logs in both systems (with hydraulic loading rates ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 m/h) and improved with increased filter maturity. Each individual stage of the multistage system was an important treatment barrier in the overall process of turbidity and pathogen removal. The roughing filter was not only important for protecting the slow sand filter from solids loading and increasing its run length, but was also a significant contributor to coliform removal when the system was less mature. Removal of turbidity was significantly improved when the roughing filter was more mature, suggesting that biological treatment was an important treatment mechanism in the roughing filter. Although pre-ozonation was used mainly for the removal of organic carbon and colour, it achieved complete removal of coliform bacteria and was also suspected to be important for enhanced removal of turbidity. The second slow sand filter in series provided additional robustness to the process by reducing effluent turbidity to below 1 NTU during cold water runoff events of high turbidity and increased hydraulic loadings (0.6 m/h), while achieving effluent below 0.3 NTU during normal periods of operation. It also provided additional removals of coliforms under challenging operating conditions, and contributed an additional average removal of Cryptosporidium of 0.8 logs, which resulted in cumulative removal of 3.7 logs, approximately 1 log greater than all the other challenge tests. Collectively, the entire multistage system performed well with water temperatures ranging down to 2C̊, limited filter maturity, elevated raw water turbidities, and increased hydraulic loading rates. Its ability to meet the current Ontario turbidity regulations and greater than 2 log removal of Cryptosporidium over a range of operating conditions, with little or no process adjustment, is a testament to the robustness and minimal maintenance requirements of the process, which are desirable attributes for small water systems that are often located in rural areas. While this research demonstrated the performance of multistage filtration using pilot scale testing, it is important to note that full-scale plants tend to produce significantly better results than pilot facilities, due to long term biological maturation of the system. Overall, multistage filtration is a sustainable and cost-effective technology that, through this research, appears to be a safe, reliable, and robust treatment alternative for small and non-municipal water systems in North America and the developing world. Further, based on its performance with challenging influent water quality and cold water conditions, multistage filtration holds particular promise for small communities in northern climates that are required to meet safe drinking water regulations, but are dependent on surface water sources of variable water quality and temperatures.
Download or read book Manual of Design for Slow Sand Filtration written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes written by Rolf Gimbel and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow sand filtration is typically cited as being the first "engineered" process in drinking-water treatment. Proven modifications to the conventional slow sand filtration process, the awareness of induced biological activity in riverbank filtration systems, and the growth of oxidant-induced biological removals in more rapid-rate filters (e.g. biological activated carbon) demonstrate the renaissance of biofiltration as a treatment process that remains viable for both small, rural communities and major cities. Biofiltration is expected to become even more common in the future as efforts intensify to decrease the presence of disease-causing microorganisms and disinfection by-products in drinking water, to minimize microbial regrowth potential in distribution systems, and where operator skill levels are emphasized. Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes provides a state-of-the-art assessment on a variety of biofiltration systems from studies conducted around the world. The authors collectively represent a perspective from 23 countries and include academics, biofiltration system users, designers, and manufacturers. It provides an up-to-date perspective on the physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors affecting the performance of slow sand filtration (SSF), riverbank filtration (RBF), soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), and biological activated carbon (BAC) processes. The main themes are: comparable overviews of biofiltration systems; slow sand filtration process behavior, treatment performance and process developments; and alternative biofiltration process behaviors, treatment performances, and process developments.
Download or read book Surface Water Filtration for Rural Areas written by N. C. Thanh and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Slow Sand Filtration written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Filtration Practices written by Gary S. Logsdon and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water operators will find a wealth of hands-on information on the operation and maintenance of pretreatment, rapid-rate granular media filtration, slow-sand filtration, and diatomaceous-earth filtration systems in this book. This practical guide provides recommended procedures for operating, monitoring, and maintaining all types of filters used for conventional water treatment. These procedures are tested and time-proven by hundreds of water utilities and filtration experts to provide high filter efficiency, excellent water quality, long filter runs and minimum downtime. The book also gives advice on what not to do-and why-so you can avoid water quality problems, filter damage, and treatment problems in the future.
Download or read book Small system compliance technology list for the surface water treatment rule written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Slow Sand Filtration written by American Society of Civil Engineers. Task Committee on Slow Sand Filtration and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises current practice regarding slow sand filtration in the US. It examines topics such as the biological and physical mechanisms, appropriate water quality, micro-organisms removal, filter design, construction, operation, maintenance, costs and pilot studies.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment written by Affam, Augustine Chioma and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is necessary to understand the extent of pollution in the environment in terms of the air, water, and soil in order for both humans and animals to live healthier lives. Poor waste treatment or pollution monitoring can lead to massive environmental issues, such as diminishing valuable resources, and cause a significant negative impact on society. Solutions, such as reuse of waste and sustainable waste management, must be explored to prevent these adverse effects. The Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment is a collection of innovative research that examines waste and pollution treatment methods that can be adopted at local and international levels and examines appropriate resource management strategies for environmentally related issues. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics such as soil washing, bioremediation, and runoff handling, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, engineers, waste management professionals, natural resource regulators, environmental policymakers, scientists, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on viable resource management methods for the regeneration of their immediate environment.
Download or read book Evaluation of Roughing Filtration for Pre treatment of Stormwater Prior to Aquifer Storage Recovery ASR written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-stage granular filtration, including roughing filtration and slow sand filtration, represents a promising method for improving the quality of stormwater retained in urban wetlands to allow for sustainable aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in siliceous aquifers. The emphasis of this research is on the application of roughing filtration to remove suspended solids in stormwater prior to slow sand filtration, an area of research that has not been thoroughly investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of physico-chemical filtration (primarily the transport of suspended particles to filter media by sedimentation) for particle removal in roughing filtration. Surface and straining filtration may also contribute to particle removal, although the significance of these processes is not well understood. Using bench-scale column experiments, this study aimed to determine the suitability of roughing filtration for pre-treating stormwater retained at the Urrbrae Wetland intended for slow sand filtration and ASR and advance the understanding of particle removal mechanisms in roughing filters by applying recent advances in trajectory modelling.
Download or read book Low head Roughing Filters for Enhancing Recycle Water Treatment for Aquaculture written by Steven Thomas Summerfelt and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
