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Book Surface Water groundwater Interaction and Chemistry in a Mineral armored Hydrothermal Outflow Channel Yellowstone National Park USA

Download or read book Surface Water groundwater Interaction and Chemistry in a Mineral armored Hydrothermal Outflow Channel Yellowstone National Park USA written by Matthew V. Vitale and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small quantities of groundwater interact with hydrothermal surface water to drive in-stream geochemical processes in a silica-armored hot-spring outflow channel in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydrology and geochemistry of this unique system in order to (1) learn more about the Yellowstone Plateau?s subsurface water mixing between meteoric and hydrothermal waters and (2) learn more about the chemical and physical processes that lead to accumulation of streambed cements, i.e., streambed armor. A combination of hydrological, geochemical, mineralogical, microscopic, and petrographic techniques were used to identify groundwater and surface-water exchange. Interaction could be identified in winter because of differences in surface water and groundwater composition but interaction at other times of the year cannot be ruled out. Dissolved constituents originating from groundwater (e.g., Fe(II) and Mg) were traced downstream until oxidation and/or subsequent precipitation with silica removed them, particularly where high affinity substrates like cyanobacterial surfaces were present. Because the stream lies in a relatively flat drainage basin and is fed mainly by a seasonally relatively stable hot spring, this system allowed study of the chemical processes along a stream without the obscuring effects of sedimentation.

Book Water Rock Interaction XIII

Download or read book Water Rock Interaction XIII written by Peter Birkle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 18th century, Neptunists and Plutonists had controversial opinions about the formation of the Earth and its lithological units. The former believed that rocks formed from the crystallization of minerals in the early Earth's oceans, the latter believed that rocks were formed in fire. Both theories ignored the importance of continuous wat

Book Mixing of Hydrothermal Water and Groundwater Near Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park USA Hydrology and Geochemistry

Download or read book Mixing of Hydrothermal Water and Groundwater Near Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park USA Hydrology and Geochemistry written by Matthew L. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of hot springs have focused mainly on the properties of fluids and solids. Fewer studies focus on the relationship between the hot springs and groundwater/surface-water environments. The differences in temperature and dissolved solids between hot-spring water and typical surface water and groundwater allow interactions to be traced. Electromagnetic terrain (EMT) conductivity is a nonintrusive technique capable of mapping mixing zones between distinct subsurface waters. These interactions include zones of groundwater/surface-water exchange and groundwater mixing. Herein, hydrogeological techniques are compared with EMT conductivity to trace hot-spring discharge interactions with shallow groundwater and surface water. Potentiometric-surface and water-quality data determined the hydrogeochemistry of two thermally influenced areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). Data from the sites revealed EMT conductivity contrasts that reflected the infiltration of conductive hot-spring discharge to local groundwater systems. The anomalies reflect higher temperatures and conductivity for Na+?Cl?-rich hydrothermal fluids compared to the receiving groundwater. EMT conductivity results suggested hot springs are fed by conduits largely isolated from shallow groundwater; mixing of waters occurs after hot-spring discharge infiltrates groundwater from the surface and, generally, not by leakage in the subsurface. A model was proposed to explain the growth of sinter mounds.

Book Chemical Analysis of Thermal Waters in Yellowstone National Park Wyoming 1960 65

Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Thermal Waters in Yellowstone National Park Wyoming 1960 65 written by Jack James Rowe and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of the mineral potential of the area.

Book A Study of Hydrothermal Deposits in Yellowstone National Park USA

Download or read book A Study of Hydrothermal Deposits in Yellowstone National Park USA written by David Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Hydrothermal Water Interaction in Sentinel Meadows Yellowstone National Park

Download or read book Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Hydrothermal Water Interaction in Sentinel Meadows Yellowstone National Park written by Natalie Smeltz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrothermal system in Yellowstone National Park offers a unique opportunity to study the complex interaction between the magmatically-driven, superheated fluids and meteorically sourced water in the near subsurface. This study aims to image the geologic structure, conduits for hydrothermal fluid flow, and investigate mixing between hot hydrothermal fluids and cold meteoric water below Sentinel Meadows, a hydrothermally influenced drainage in Lower Geyser Basin. To do this we employ the use of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction lines, ground-based magnetics, and airborne electromagnetics. We address the following questions: 1) What are the large-scale spatial relationships between ascending hydrothermal fluids and geologic units? 2) Where does the hydrothermal water feeding Sentinel Meadows originate? 3) Does mixing of hydrothermal water and cold meteorically derived groundwater in Sentinel Meadows occur prior to discharge at the hot springs? 4) Are the cold springs at the margin of Sentinel Meadows the result of mixing waters? From our geophysical investigation we find that cold springs are likely connected to the shallow groundwater system and subsurface impermeable rhyolites have partial control over the large-scale flow paths of hydrothermal fluids. We compare the geophysical results and spatial relations of the hot springs to Cl− and SO42− concentrations in Yellowstone waters to determine that cold springs are not the result of mixing waters and mixing occurs prior to discharge in all hot springs in Sentinel Meadows. From our interpretations we propose an updated conceptual model for Sentinel Meadows showing the interactions between the shallow cold meteoric water and hot hydrothermal waters.

Book An Oxygen Isotope Fluid Inclusion and Mineralogy Study of the Ancient Hydrothermal Alteration in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River Yellowstone National Park Wyoming

Download or read book An Oxygen Isotope Fluid Inclusion and Mineralogy Study of the Ancient Hydrothermal Alteration in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River Yellowstone National Park Wyoming written by Allison R. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Aqueous Geochemistry of the Thermopolis Hydrothermal System Wyoming

Download or read book Aqueous Geochemistry of the Thermopolis Hydrothermal System Wyoming written by Allison Pluda and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Thermopolis hydrothermal system is the largest in Wyoming outside of Yellowstone National Park. Mapping the distribution of travertine as well as elucidating the geochemistry of thermal waters can provide useful information in understanding how faulting and fracture networks may control deep circulation of groundwater in hydrothermal systems. Hydrochemical observations of hot springs suggests that shallow groundwater and surface water do not exert a major control on the Thermopolis hydrothermal system, implying that there is very deep circulation of thermal waters which may be controlled by regional tectonics. The purpose of this study is to use hydrogeochemistry to develop an understanding of the Thermopolis hydrothermal system within a regional context by combining new and historical analyses of the thermal waters with analyses of regional formation waters. This study also provides the first measurements of carbon dioxide flux and radon and radium isotopes in the Thermopolis hydrothermal system.

Book Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park USA

Download or read book Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park USA written by Claire Bouligand and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low-permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (?heat pipe? model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measurements in the Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area in the Yellowstone Caldera to address several fundamental questions: (1) What are the structural and/or lithological controls on heat and mass transport in vapor-dominated areas? (2) What is the geometry and size of convecting multiphase thermal plumes? (3) Are thermal plumes associated with subsurface rock alteration and demagnetization? Magnetic and electromagnetic data inversions suggest an asymmetric 50- to 100-m thick basin of glacial deposits with the thickest part adjacent to the margin of a rhyolite flow. The 3-D electrical conductivity model in the glacial basin reveals a narrow vertical conductor interpreted as a focused multiphase plume, which coincides at the ground surface with the heat and CO2 flux maxima. The magnetic data suggest that destruction of magnetic minerals due to rock alteration associated with the hydrothermal plume occurs mainly near the ground surface. We propose a model where the buoyant multiphase plume forms in response to decompression, boiling, and phase separation of pressurized thermal groundwater that discharges from the brecciated base of a rhyolite flow into the basin of glacial deposits. Results from multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport numerical simulations corroborate the first-order characteristics of this model.

Book Yellowstone as an Analog for Thermal Hydrological Chemical Processes at Yucca Mountain

Download or read book Yellowstone as an Analog for Thermal Hydrological Chemical Processes at Yucca Mountain written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced water-rock interaction resulting from the emplacement of heat-generating nuclear waste in the potential geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, may result in changes to fluid flow (resulting from mineral dissolution and precipitation in condensation and boiling zones, respectively). Studies of water-rock interaction in active and fossil geothermal systems (natural analogs) provide evidence for changes in permeability and porosity resulting from thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) processes. The objective of this research is to document the effects of coupled THC processes at Yellowstone and then examine how differences in scale could influence the impact that these processes may have on the Yucca Mountain system. Subsurface samples from Yellowstone National Park, one of the largest active geothermal systems in the world, contain some the best examples of hydrothermal self-sealing found in geothermal systems. We selected core samples from two USGS research drill holes from the transition zone between conductive and convective portions of the geothermal system (where sealing was reported to occur). We analyzed the core, measuring the permeability, porosity, and grain density of selected samples to evaluate how lithology, texture, and degree of hydrothermal alteration influence matrix and fracture permeability.

Book Hydrothermal Water rock Reaction Modeling with Microbial Considerations Rabbit Creek Area Yellowstone National Park WY

Download or read book Hydrothermal Water rock Reaction Modeling with Microbial Considerations Rabbit Creek Area Yellowstone National Park WY written by Shanna Law and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water-rock reactions at depth are the main control on aqueous hydrothermal chemistries of hot springs and other thermal features. Thermophilic microbes living in the hydrothermal system are a secondary control on aqueous hydrothermal chemistries and are expected to have increasing influence as spring temperatures decrease. The Rabbit Creek area of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is an ideal case study for investigating the geologic and biologic controls on aqueous hydrothermal chemistries due to the proximity of the drill core Y-5 to geochemically diverse hydrothermal features (17.3°C to 92.2°C ± 0.1°C; field pH values 6.50 to 9.60 ± 0.05). The modeling program EQ3/6 was used to compare expected and predicted hydrothermal aqueous chemical speciations of hydrothermal features in the Rabbit Creek area. The expected aqueous chemical speciations were found using EQ3 to speciate initial measured concentrations of dissolved major ions and trace elements from each thermal feature. EQ3/6 was used to predict local water-rock reactions by interacting local meteoric water with the summarized mineralogy of the altered rhyolitic tuff of drill core Y-5. The EQ3/6 model was cooled, depressurized, and calibrated to the aqueous chemistry of a proximal, near boiling spring expected to have negligible microbial activity (based on low extracted DNA yields of ~5 ng DNA/g of sediment). The calibrated EQ3/6 water-rock reaction model was further cooled to the measured temperature of each hydrothermal feature analyzed to predict changes in aqueous chemical speciation. Speciated chemistries of springs were generally similar to predictions from modeled water-rock interactions, but differences increased as temperatures cooled. The EQ3/6 predictions for most springs showed deficiencies in silica, aluminum, and sulfur compared to EQ3 speciations, which could be improved by adding H2S (g) to the system and allowing for supersaturation in the models. Variations in calcium in the thermal features were expected to be a function of plagioclase remaining unsaturated and being more variable in the Y-5 subsurface than the other minerals. Discrepancies in pH between field measurements, EQ3 speciated pH, and EQ3/6 predicted pH values for each feature represent disequilibrium. Part of the disequilibrium in cooler features (