Download or read book Surface Studies of Metals After Interaction with Hydrogen Isotopes written by David Samuel Silver and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds written by B.M. Andreev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the interactions between heavy hydrogen isotopes and hydride forming metals or intermetallic compounds (IMC) is of importance for both fundamental and applied sciences. These systems offer, for example, the possibility of technical hydrogen isotope separation due to their considerable isotope effects. In addition, quite a lot of problems of hydrogen recovery, hydrogen purification, and tritium storage can be solved. This review deals with theoretical aspects of the interaction of heavy hydrogen isotopes with metals and IMC, and contains detailed information on phase and isotopic equilibrium and of the kinetics of isotope exchange in systems with hydride phases. Numerical data and results from theoretical and experimental studies are presented as well.
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by R. G. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA
Download or read book Hydrogen Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials written by C.H. Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important issues in the construction of future magnetic confinement fusion machines is that of the materials of which they are constructed, and one of the key points of proper material choice is the recycle of hydrogen isotopes with materials at the plasma face. Tritium machines demand high safety and economy, which in turn requires the lowest possible T inventory and smallest possible permeation through the plasma facing materials. The recycle behaviour of the in-vessel components must also be known if the plasma reaction is to predictable and controllable, and finally, the fuel cycle and plasma operating regimes may be actively controlled by special materials and methods. The book discusses both laboratory experiments exploring the basic properties of non-equilibrium hydrogen-solid systems (diffusion, absorption, boundary processes) and experimental results obtained from existing fusion machines under conditions simulating future situations to some extent. Contributions are from experts in the fields of nuclear fusion, materials science, surface science, vacuum science and technology, and solid state physics.
Download or read book Hydrogen and Helium Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials written by Ahmed Hassanein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compendium representing the current state of the art in the modelling, simulation and physics of the interaction of hydrogen and helium with plasma facing materials in fusion reactors. This is the topic that will determine the success of the production of energy by future Tokamak reactors and it is here discussed by the world's experts. Topics covered are recycling of hydrogen isotopes; wall fuelling and wall pumping; active control of hydrogen recycling; hydrogen and helium behaviour in solids and liquid metals; and databases for recycling.
Download or read book Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides written by Michael D. Hampton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of metal hydrides opens up promising avenues for the solution of world energy problems, as well as casting light on the interactions of hydrogen with materials, the role of hydrogen in materials science, and the chemistry of metal hydrides, all of which are discussed in this book in terms that range from a global look at the new vision of energy and how hydrogen fits into that future to reviews such as a look at nickel hydride over the last 40 years. Very specific current research in such areas as hydrogen in materials science discuss properties like superconductivity, diffusion EMF, magnetic properties, physicochemical properties, phase composition, and permeability. Hydrogen can also be used as a processing or alloying agent, and in the synthesis of battery electrodes, composite materials and alloys. The interaction of hydrogen with many metals, composites and alloys offers potential hydrogen storage systems. There is also a discussion of hydrogen sensors.
Download or read book Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals written by C.B. Satterthwaite and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen is the smallest impurity atom that can be implanted in a metallic host. Its small mass and strong interaction with the host electrons and nuclei are responsible for many anomalous and interesting solid state effects. In addition, hydrogen in metals gives rise to a number of technological problems such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen storage, radiation hardening, first wall problems associated with nuclear fusion reactors, and degradation of the fuel cladding in fission reactors. Both the fundamental effects and applied problems have stimulated a great deal of inter est in the study of metal hydrogen systems in recent years. This is evident from a growing list of publications as well as several international conferences held in this field during the past decade. It is clear that a fundamental understanding of these problems re quires a firm knowledge of the basic interactions between hydrogen, host metal atoms, intrinsic lattice defects and electrons. This understanding is made particularly difficult by hyrogen's small mass and by the large lattice distortions that accompany the hydrogenation process. The purpose of the "International Symposium on the Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals" held in Richmond, Virginia, March 4-6, 1982 was to increase our fundamental under standing of hydrogen in metals. Such knowledge is essential in solving technologically important questions. The symposium con sisted of twenty-two invited papers and seventy-two contributed poster presentations and attracted nearly 150 participants from thirteen countries. The proceedings of this symposium constitute this book.
Download or read book Surface Reactions written by R.J. Madix and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A treatment of the important aspects of physical chemistry on metal surfaces, including selective oxidation, desulfurization, cyclization, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, alkane activation and hydrogen dissociation dynamics. Case studies focus on on the chemistry of selected systems, rather than the techniques, to convey the excitement of recent developments.
Download or read book Bulk and Surface Modifications of Metals Submitted to Hydrogen Plasmas written by Catalina Quiros lara and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma facing components in fusion reactors are exposed to intense thermal loads, plasma disruptions and high-flux particle bombardment. This leads to a plasma wall interactionthat degrades the overall performance of the materials, limits the lifetime of the components and has a strong influence on the plasma performance. One problem derived from plasmawall interactions is bubble and blister formation in materials. This poses a great concern since it changes the material properties and favors hydrogen isotope (HI) retention. Since tritium, a HI, is radioactive, its inventory is quite limited. Experiments have shown that surface modifications are highly influenced by several parameters such incident ion energy,fluence and crystallographic orientation. This work focuses on analyzing blister and bubble dynamics due to hydrogen plasma exposure in materials with a cubic crystal system and alow hydrogen solubility (i.e. Al and W). This provides a suitable background to understand phenomena related to crystallographic structure in hexagonal systems such as beryllium. In order to perform the experiments, the samples were polished and submitted to a heat treat mentto obtain a well-defined low-roughness base material. Afterwards, they were exposedto a fully characterized hydrogen plasma in which several parameters were varied, such asincident ion energy, fluence and discharge regime. The latter was performed in order to studythe effects stress, relaxation and cooling have on bubble and blister formation given tha tcurrent plasma reactors work in cycles instead of continuous plasma exposure. In addition,the microstructure and crystallographic orientation of the materials was varied during the experiments. The analysis of crystallographic orientation were performed by using {100},{110} and {111} single crystals. This allows studying blister morphology without the effect of grain boundaries and setting the basis to understand hexagonal crystal systems. Finally, in order to understand hydrogen dynamics in materials a 1D macroscopic rate equations model with a code named Hydrogen Isotope Inventory Processes Code (HIIPC) was used. This model allows predicting the amount of retained HI's in materials and the physical processes involved in this interaction such as HI implantation, migration, depth distribution and their release. The results obtained with HIIPC support the results obtained in the experimental section and contribute in the understanding of hydrogen dynamics in material.
Download or read book Hydrogen in Intermetallic Compounds II written by Louis Schlapbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of hydrogen in an on metals and alloys is important in a number ofdisciplines including solid-state physics, materials science, physical chemistry, and energy technology. This volume treats the dynamics of hydrogen in intermetallic compounds, surface properties, kinetics, and applications of metal hydrides in energy technology. In addition, selected experimental methods are described. The introductory chapter will enable non-specialists to gain an overall picture of the field and to appreciate the relevant scientific issue. The companion volume, Hydrogene in Intermetallic Compounds I, was published as Vol. 63 of Topics in Applied Physics.
Download or read book Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds written by B.M. Andreev and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-03-04 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the interactions between heavy hydrogen isotopes and hydride forming metals or intermetallic compounds (IMC) is of importance for both fundamental and applied sciences. These systems offer, for example, the possibility of technical hydrogen isotope separation due to their considerable isotope effects. In addition, quite a lot of problems of hydrogen recovery, hydrogen purification, and tritium storage can be solved. This review deals with theoretical aspects of the interaction of heavy hydrogen isotopes with metals and IMC, and contains detailed information on phase and isotopic equilibrium and of the kinetics of isotope exchange in systems with hydride phases. Numerical data and results from theoretical and experimental studies are presented as well.
Download or read book Visualization of Hydrogen Bond Dynamics written by Takashi Kumagai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-02 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrogen bond represents an important interaction between molecules, and the dynamics of hydrogen bonds in water create an ever-present question associated with the process of chemical and biological reactions. In spite of numerous studies, the process remains poorly understood at the microscopic level because hydrogen-bond dynamics, such as bond rearrangements and hydrogen/proton transfer reactions, are extremely difficult to probe. Those studies have been carried out by means of spectroscopic methods where the signal stems from the ensemble of a system and the hydrogen-bond dynamics were inferred indirectly. This book addresses the direct imaging of hydrogen-bond dynamics within water-based model systems assembled on a metal surface, using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The dynamics of individual hydrogen bonds in water clusters, hydroxyl clusters, and water-hydroxyl complexes are investigated in conjunction with density functional theory. In these model systems, quantum dynamics of hydrogen bonds, such as tunneling and zero-point nuclear motion, are observed in real space. Most notably, hydrogen atom relay reactions, which are frequently invoked across many fields of chemistry, are visualized and controlled by STM. This work presents a means of studying hydrogen-bond dynamics at the single-molecule level, providing an important contribution to wide fields beyond surface chemistry.
Download or read book Metal Ligand Interactions From Atoms to Clusters to Surfaces written by Dennis R. Salahub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-ligand interactions are currently being studied in different fields, from a variety of points of view, and recent progress has been substantial. Whole new classes of compounds and reactions have been found; an arsenal of physical methods has been developed; mechanistic detail can be ascertained to an increasingly minute degree; and the theory is being developed to handle systems of ever-growing complexity. As usual, such multidisciplinarity leads to great opportunities, coupled with great problems of communication between specialists. It is in its promotion of interactions across these fields that Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces makes its timely contribution: the tools, both theoretical and experimental, are highly developed, and fundamental questions remain unanswered. The most fundamental of these concerns the nature of the microscopic interactions between metal atoms (clusters, surfaces) and ligands (atoms, molecules, absorbates, reagents, products) and the changes in these interactions during physical and chemical transformation. In Metal-Ligand Interactions, leading experts discuss the following, vital aspects: ab initio theory, semi-empirical theory, density functional theory, complexes and clusters, surfaces, and catalysis.
Download or read book Transition Metal Oxides written by H.H. Kung and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-04-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author presents an up-to-date summary of existing information on the structure, electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal oxides. The subjects covered in the book can be divided into three sections. The first (chapters 1 to 3) covers the structural, physical, magnetic, and electronic properties of transition metal oxides. Although the emphasis is on surface properties, relevant bulk properties are also discussed. The second section (chapters 4 to 7) covers surface chemical properties. It includes topics that describe the importance of surface coordinative unsaturation in adsorption, the formation of surface acidity and the role of acidity in determining surface chemical properties, the nature and reactivities of adsorbed oxygen, and the surface chemistry in the reduction of oxides. The third section (chapters 8 to 14) is on the catalytic properties. Various catalytic reactions including decomposition, hydrogenation, isomerization, metathesis, selective oxidation, and reactions involving carbon oxides are discussed. Emphasis is placed more on reaction mechanisms and the role of catalysts than on kinetics and processes. Chapters on the preparation of oxide catalysts and on photo-assisted processes are also included. Whenever appropriate, relationships between various topics are indicated. Written for surface physicists, chemists, and catalytic engineers, the book will serve as a useful source of information for investigators and as a comprehensive overview of the subject for graduate students.
Download or read book Surface Science Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Proceedings Of The 10th International Conference On Cold Fusion written by Peter L Hagelstein and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 1051 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion attended by most of the important groups around the world that are active in the field. New results are presented in the area of excess heat production, including observations of excess heat, correlation of excess heat and helium, and laser stimulation of excess heat. Nuclear emissions from metal deuterides are put forth by several groups. Observations of transmutation, including the Iwamura experiment and others, are also discussed. Updates on theoretical efforts from the different groups are included as well.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
