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Book Some Experimental Artifacts in Leed Studies of Phase Transitions

Download or read book Some Experimental Artifacts in Leed Studies of Phase Transitions written by W. N. Unertl and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low energy electron diffraction, LEED, is an important experimental technique for the study of continuous order disorder phase transitions. Extraction of the critical exponents and their associated amplitudes requires an accurate determination of the single scattering intensity vs. parallel component of the scattering vector. Interpretation of measured intensities is complicated by multiple scattering, variation of the scattering factor, and thermal vibrations. These can cause the measured intensity profiles to be skewed and can add substantial intensity which is peaked at the Brillouin zone center. An example of subsidiary structure induced by multiple scattering is given for Gold(110). The effects on the measured critical exponents beta, gamma, and nu are shown to be small in most cases. However, the amplitudes associated with these exponents, such as the correlation length xi, can be seriously affected. Some of these effects also occur in other diffraction methods. Keywords: Low energy electron diffraction; Phase transitions; Surface lattice dynamics; Surface defects.

Book Development of an Ultrafast Low Energy Electron Diffraction Setup

Download or read book Development of an Ultrafast Low Energy Electron Diffraction Setup written by Max Gulde and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (ULEED) system that reveals ultrafast structural changes on the atomic scale. The achievable temporal resolution in the low-energy regime is improved by several orders of magnitude and has enabled the melting of a highly-sensitive, molecularly thin layer of a polymer crystal to be resolved for the first time. This new experimental approach permits time-resolved structural investigations of systems that were previously partially or totally inaccessible, including surfaces, interfaces and atomically thin films. It will be of fundamental importance for understanding the properties of nanomaterials so as to tailor their properties.

Book Low Energy Electron Diffraction

Download or read book Low Energy Electron Diffraction written by Michel A. VanHove and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface crystallography plays the same fundamental role in surface science which bulk crystallography has played so successfully in solid-state physics and chemistry. The atomic-scale structure is one of the most important aspects in the understanding of the behavior of surfaces in such widely diverse fields as heterogeneous catalysis, microelectronics, adhesion, lubrication, cor rosion, coatings, and solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces. Low-Energy Electron Diffraction or LEED has become the prime tech nique used to determine atomic locations at surfaces. On one hand, LEED has yielded the most numerous and complete structural results to date (almost 200 structures), while on the other, LEED has been regarded as the "technique to beat" by a variety of other surface crystallographic methods, such as photoemission, SEXAFS, ion scattering and atomic diffraction. Although these other approaches have had impressive successes, LEED has remained the most productive technique and has shown the most versatility of application: from adsorbed rare gases, to reconstructed surfaces of sem iconductors and metals, to molecules adsorbed on metals. However, these statements should not be viewed as excessively dogmatic since all surface sensitive techniques retain untapped potentials that will undoubtedly be explored and exploited. Moreover, surface science remains a multi-technique endeavor. In particular, LEED never has been and never will be self sufficient. LEED has evolved considerably and, in fact, has reached a watershed.

Book Phase Transitions on Clean and Adsorbate Covered Surfaces

Download or read book Phase Transitions on Clean and Adsorbate Covered Surfaces written by W. N. Unertl and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the experimental and theoretical results of studies of phase transitions on clean and adsorbate covered surfaces is given. The experimental studies are divided among three categories: (1) Surface Phases of Se Adsorbed on Ni(001); (2) Au(110)(1x2)Order-Disorder Transition; (3) Experimental Methods for Study of Surface Phase Transitions. These are presented in order. interpretation of the experimental results relied heavily upon the theoretical work described in Section 3. Keywords: Surface reconstruction, Low energy electron diffraction, Au(110, Se/Ni(001), N2/Ni(110), O/W(110), Finite size effect, Conformal invariance, Monte Carlo simulations.

Book Low Energy Electron Diffraction Studies of Phase Transformations at Metal Surfaces

Download or read book Low Energy Electron Diffraction Studies of Phase Transformations at Metal Surfaces written by Richard Martin Goodman and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Study of Physics from Phase Transitions to Living Matter

Download or read book The Study of Physics from Phase Transitions to Living Matter written by Isabel M. Irurzun and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at advanced university students of physics and related disciplines. It reflects the evolution of a research area that receives contributions from numerous disciplines, such as physics, mathematics, chemistry and biology, among others. It establishes a path from the study of phase transitions to the current understanding of the behaviour of living matter through exploring experimental and theoretical concepts surrounding crystallography, physicochemistry of surfaces, magnetic systems, liquid crystals, polymers, statistical mechanics, superconductivity and superfluidity, growth of interfaces, fractals, non-linear systems, chaos and self-organization.

Book Surface Microscopy with Low Energy Electrons

Download or read book Surface Microscopy with Low Energy Electrons written by Ernst Bauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by a pioneer in surface physics and thin film research and the inventor of Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM), Spin-Polarized Low Energy Electron Microscopy (SPLEEM) and Spectroscopic Photo Emission and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (SPELEEM), covers these and other techniques for the imaging of surfaces with low energy (slow) electrons. These techniques also include Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM), and their combination with microdiffraction and microspectroscopy, all of which use cathode lenses and slow electrons. Of particular interest are the fundamentals and applications of LEEM, PEEM, and XPEEM because of their widespread use. Numerous illustrations illuminate the fundamental aspects of the electron optics, the experimental setup, and particularly the application results with these instruments. Surface Microscopy with Low Energy Electrons will give the reader a unified picture of the imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy methods that are possible using low energy electron microscopes.

Book Phase Transitions and Adsorbate Restructuring at Metal Surface

Download or read book Phase Transitions and Adsorbate Restructuring at Metal Surface written by D.A. King and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective in initiating this series in 1980 was to provide an in-depth review of advances made in the understanding key aspects of surface chemistry and physics through the application of new techniques to the study of well-defined surfaces. Since then the field of surface science has greatly matured, and further important techniques, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have been successfully assimilated into the applications armoury of the surface scientist. The present volume is a series of timely reviews by many of the current experts in the field of phase transitions and adsorbate-induced surface restructuring. No aspect of the science of solid surfaces can be fully understood without accounting for the structural diversity of surfaces, now revealed in atomic detail by techniques based on diffraction and scanning probe microscopies. For example, it is now clear to those working in heterogeneous catalysis that adsorbate-induced restructuring of surfaces can play a critical role in phenomena such as bistability, kinetic oscillations, and promotion and poisoning. Structural transitions at surfaces can also play a key role in determining the electronic properties of surfaces, reviewed in volume 5.

Book Phase Transitions in Surface Films

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Surface Films written by J.G. Dash and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-03 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute on Phase Transitions in Surface Films was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Cul ture in Erice, Sicily, during June 11 to June 25, 1979. This Institute was the second course of the International School of Low Temperature Physics which was established at the Centre in 1977, with the guidance and inspiration of T. Regge and A. Zichichi. The 1979 course selected a topic on one of the most rapidly advancing fields of condensed matter physics in the late 70's. The program of topics and speakers was developed with the advice of the Organizing Committee, composed of J. Friedel, N. D. Mermin, R. E. Peierls, T. Regge and J. Wheatley. These two weeks were memorable for the range and depth of the lectures and seminars, and the sustained high interest of the students and faculty through a damanding schedule of over 5 hours a day of formal sessions. A large fraction of the leading researchers in the field were there. It would have been impossible to gather such a large group five years earlier, for the field itself is hardly 10 years old. Although the foundations of the thermodynamics of surface films were laid down by Gibbs about 100 years ago, and experiments on oil/water monolayers were carried out by Pockels and Rayleigh at about the same time, the beginnings of the modern field were much more recent.

Book Phase Transitions in Surface Films 2

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Surface Films 2 written by H. Taub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute (AS I) entitled "Phase Transitions in Surface Films" was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Sicily from June 19 to June 29, 1990. It reviewed the present understanding (experimental and theoretical) of phase transitions of surfaces, interfaces, and thin ftlms as well as the related structural and dynamical properties of these systems. From its inception, this ASI was envisioned as a sequel to one of the same title organized eleven years earlier by J. G. Dash and J. Ruvalds which was also held at the Ettore Majorana Centre. The previous ASI reflected the progress which had been made in understanding quasi two-dimensional (2D) states of matter, particularly adsorbed monolayers, and the phase transitions which occur in them. At that time, the field was barely ten years old. The modern field to which we are referring here can be traced to the landmark experiments of A. Thorny and X. Duval. Beginning in 1967, they published a series of papers presenting evidence from vapor pressure measurements of 2D phases of krypton and other gases adsorbed on polycrystalline (exfoliated) graphite. Their work led to a large number of thermodynamic and scattering experiments on physisorbed ftlms. This in turn motivated a great deal of theoretical interest in 2D systems and their phase transitions.

Book Extending the Range of Low Energy Electron Diffraction LEED Surface Structure Determination

Download or read book Extending the Range of Low Energy Electron Diffraction LEED Surface Structure Determination written by David Franklin Ogletree and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: