Download or read book Surface Nanostructured Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Kari J. Moses and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface wettability (or surface hydrophilicity) is of considerable importance in a variety of applications, including membrane separations, lubrication, fibers (e.g., textiles), and biomedical applications. Alteration of surface wettability to the desired level can be of significant benefit in the above applications. Accordingly, the present study focused on a systematic investigation of the modification of surface hydrophilicity via the synthesis of hydrophilic surface tethered polymers. This approach to surface nanostructuring (SNS) was achieved by a two-step process, whereby surface activation is achieved using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) followed by graft polymerization with a suitable vinyl monomer. The resulting polymer layer consists of chains that are terminally and covalently attached to the underlying surface, being polyamide in the present study. Polyamide (PA) was the selected substrate given the importance of this polymer in various applications (e.g., reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, clothing, body armor, etc.). The degree of surface hydrophilicity imparted to the PA surface was evaluated with respect to the conditions of APP surface activation (i.e., hydrogen, oxygen, and helium as plasma source gases, and exposure time) and graft polymerization (i.e., reaction time, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, acrylic acid, n-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylic acid, and vinylsulfonic acid monomers, and initial monomer concentration). Helium APP was found to be most effective for the synthesis of tethered polymers on the PA surface leading to an increase in hydrophilicity as quantified by a 15 - 51% reduction in the free energy of hydration ( Giw) of the underlying PA substrate. In particular, polymer-water affinity of the nanostructured PA surfaces, as quantified by the polar component of the surface energy, was a factor of 2.2 - 6.5 higher than for the native PA surface. Overall, surface hydrophilicity increased with increasing tethered polymer layer surface roughness, volume, and thickness; the above trend is consistent with the expected corresponding increased water sorption capacity by the grafted water soluble polymers. The hydrophilic polymer brush layer effectiveness in reducing biofouling propensity and improving surface cleaning post-biofouling (i.e., decreasing surface-solute affinity) was demonstrated for SNS-PA thin-film composite (TFC) RO membranes. SNS-PA RO membranes with polyacrylamide (PAAm), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), and poly(vinylsulfonic acid) (PVSA) brush layers were synthesized, yielding permeability and salt (NaCl) rejection ranges of 4.8 - 6.7 L/m2 h bar and 95.2 - 96.6%, respectively. Performance testing of the SNS-PA-TFC membranes was carried out using secondary wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment (MWT) plant. Performance tests with the PMAA-SNS-PA and PAAm-SNS-PA membranes (highest and lowest ranking with regard to hydrophilicity, respectively) demonstrated measurable resistance to biofouling. Biofilm layer thickness was up to 4.7 times lower for the above SNS-PA membranes relative to a commercial TFC membrane of similar salt rejection. Moreover, up to 89% of the SNS-PA membrane permeability was recovered after water cleaning, and complete restoration of membrane permeability was attained after chemical (Na2 EDTA) cleaning. In summary, the present approach for tailor-designing surfaces is effective for wettability control through adjustment of the brush layer topography and chemistry which affect the polymer-water affinity. Such hydrophilic tethered polymer surface layers can reduce the biofouling propensity of surfaces, and in particular, increase the biofouling resistance and improve cleaning efficiency of RO membranes.

Download or read book Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment written by Mikel Duke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes have emerged over the last 30 years as a viable water treatment technology. Earth's population is growing and the need for alternative ways to generate potable water is rising. The recent advent of nanotechnology opens the door to improving processes in membrane technology, which is a promising step on the way to solving the earth's potable water problem. Current performance is enhanced and new concepts are possible by engineering on the nanoscale. This book presents key areas of nanotechnology such as fouling tolerant and robust membranes, enhanced destruction of pollutants and faster monitoring of water quality. 'Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Download or read book Performance Tuning of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes Surface Nano structured with Tethered Poly acrylic Acid Chains written by Yian Chen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface tethering of hydrophilic polymer brush layers is a popular approach for membrane surface modification with the target of overcoming and mitigating various challenges such as perm-selectivity tradeoff, removal of specific contaminants, and membrane fouling and mineral scaling. In the present study, a systematic investigation of membrane surface structuring with tethered polyacrylic acid (PAA) layers was conducted to tune both reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes performance in terms of water permeability, solute rejection, molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), fouling resistance, scaling propensity and cleaning efficacy. Surface nano-structured (SNS) PAA brush layers were synthesized onto the base polysulfone (PSf) UF and polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) RO membranes via membrane surface activation with different atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) types (i.e., Air, He/O2, and He), followed by graft polymerization (GP) of acrylic acid (AA). Effective tuning of SNS-PAA-PSf UF membrane performance in terms of hydraulic permeability and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) was feasible by adjustments of the APP and graft polymerization conditions. It was shown, for the first time, that SNS-PAA-PSf membranes can be synthesized with a range of hydraulic permeability (spanning a factor of 1.1-2.6 in magnitude) for a given MWCO, or a range of MWCO (spanning a factor of 1.5-2.3 in magnitude) for a given hydraulic permeability, thereby overcoming the hydraulic permeability-MWCO tradeoff. The SNS-PAA-PSf membrane characteristics (surface hydrophilicity, intrinsic membrane resistance, and PEG MWCO) were responsive to pH and ionic strength due to the conformational change (i.e., swelling/collapse) of the surface tethered PAA chains. Within the tested range of pH (3-11) and ionic strength (0-547 mM), the SNS-PAA-PSf membrane demonstrated self-regulated membrane performance (i.e., Rm 0.74 - 2.29 1013 m-1, and MWCO 1.8 - 15.0 kDa) and surface hydrophilicity (i.e., surface energy -114.5 to -139.2 mJ/m2). UF fouling stress tests with bovine serum album (BSA) and alginic acid in high salinity water and post-cleaning with D.I. water demonstrated reduced flux decline (by ~11.3%) and improved permeability recovery (by ~34%) for the SNS-PAA-PSf membrane relative to the native PSf membrane. The surface tethered PAA chains also improved polyamide (PA) RO membrane removal of nitrate, boron, As (III), and As (V), with rejection of 98.0%, 90.7%, 96%, and 99.6%, respectively, relative to 76.8-84.9%, 87.3-92.1%, and 94.5-97.2% for the tested commercial RO membranes. The increased membrane removal of the specific contaminants is attributed to the surface tethered PAA layer sealing of microscopic defects in the polyamide membrane active layer. The SNS-PAA-PA membrane also exhibited lower flux decline for both gypsum and calcium carbonate scaling tests compared to the tested commercial RO membranes and 100% and 94% permeability recovery post D.I. water flushing, respectively. Scale up of the membrane surface nano-structuring approach, atmospheric pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization (APPIGP), was developed for SNS-PAA-PA membrane sheets of size sufficient for fabrication of 2.5 inch 21 inch spiral-wound RO elements. Laboratory testing of 18 membrane coupons (~2" x 4") extracted from different locations of the SNS-PAA-PA membrane sheet, in terms of water and salt permeability coefficients and intrinsic membrane rejection, demonstrated the similar or higher performance uniformity level compared to Base-PA. SNS-PAA-PA spiral wound elements, fabricated with the above SNS-PAA-PA membrane sheets, outperformed the commercial Dow SW30 element exhibiting lower flux decline and 100% permeability recovery in fouling tests of both BSA and sodium alginate model foulant solutions. Results of the present study suggest that the APPIGP approach can be scaled up to fabricate commercial scale spiral-wound RO elements of superior antifouling properties

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis written by Fauzi Ismail and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse Osmosis starts with an overview of the historic development of the RO membrane, the RO process, and its effect on other membrane separation processes. Other chapters cover the development of nanocomposites of TFC membranes and modern membrane characterization techniques, such as TEM, AFM and PALS, the RO membrane transport model, and RO membrane fouling. The book also describes, in detail, experimental methods for setting up RO experiments, RO membrane modules, RO membrane systems, and desalination and water treatment by RO. Applications in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, biochemical, petroleum and petrochemical industries are also summarized. Other sections cover the development of RO membranes with high thermal and chemical stability, attempts to develop polymeric or inorganic membranes, and hybrid processes where RO is combined with forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD). - Written by renowned experts in the field who have complementary expertise - Provides an in-depth discussion of reverse osmosis transport based on nano-level membrane structure - Comprehensively reviews recent progresses in novel reverse osmosis membrane development

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration Membrane Surface Nano Structuring with Tethered Hydrophilic Polymer Layers for Seawater Desalination written by Soomin Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic investigation of membrane surface nano-structuring (SNS) with surface tethered hydrophilic polymer layers was conducted in order to mitigate fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and tune membrane performance in seawater desalination. Surface tethered hydrophilic polymer (i.e., polyacrylic acid (PAA)) layers were synthesized onto base polysulfone (PSf) UF and polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) RO membranes via membrane surface activation with an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP), followed by graft polymerization (GP) of acrylic acid. Both APP surface activation and GP conditions impacted the structure of the synthesized tethered PAA layers and RO membrane desalination performance. Detailed characterization of tethered PAA chain extension length via atomic force microscopy (AFM) based force spectroscopy (FS) revealed that the number average molecular weight of the synthesized tethered PAA chains was estimated to be in the range of 13,000-35,000 with chain-chain separation of 1.5-2.4 nm. Extension of the tethered PAA chains in DI water was significantly greater in DI water than in high salinity aqueous environment. UF fouling stress tests with alginic acid in high salinity water and post-cleaning with non-saline water demonstrated permeability restoration of up to 90-100% for a surface nano-structured (SNS)-PAA-PSf membrane relative to 50-70% for the native PSf membrane. Synthesized SNS-PAA-PA BWRO and SWRO membranes having water and salt permeability coefficient in the range of 2.3 - 3.4 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and 0.15 - 0.54 L m-2 h-1 revealed that membrane surface structuring with a tethered PAA layer enabled tuning membrane performance (in terms of Lp and B) to achieve water/salt selectivity (evaluated as Lp:B ratio) that was significantly higher (by up to 56%) relative to the base PA membranes. It was demonstrated that, depending on APP surface activation and GP conditions, PA TFC membranes could be tuned to have essentially the same salt rejection over a wide permeability range or a given permeability over a range of salt rejection. It was also shown that membrane performance could be achieved that overcomes the permeability-selectivity trade-off. Lastly, the present study developed an approach to scale up the APP surface activation and GP process by performing membrane surface nano-structuring for large PA TFC flat sheet membranes that are suitable for fabricating 2.5" x 21" spiral wound RO elements.

Download or read book Nanostructured Polymer Membranes Volume 2 written by Visakh P. M. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd volume on applications with discuss the various aspects of state-of-the-art, new challenges and opportunities for gas and vapor separation of polymer membranes, membranes for wastewater treatment, polymer electrolyte membranes and methanol fuel cells, polymer membranes for water desalination, optical, electrochemical and anion/polyanion sensors, polymeric pervaporation membranes, organic-organic separation, biopolymer electrolytes for energy devices, carbon nanoparticles for pervaporation polymeric membranes, and mixed matrix membranes for nanofiltration application.

Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on Bio Membranes written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Reverse and Forward Osmosis: Principles, Applications, Advances covers the important aspects of RO, FO and their combination in integrated systems, along with their specific and well-established applications. The book offers an overview of recent developments in the field of forward and reverse osmosis and their applications in water desalination, wastewater treatment, power generation and food processing. General principles, membrane module developments, membrane fouling, modeling, simulation and optimization of both technologies are also covered. The book's ultimate goal is to support the scientific community, professionals and enterprises that aspire to develop new applications. - Provides an overview of the advances made in combining reverse osmosis membrane technology and the corresponding forward osmosis - Provides a comprehensive review of advanced research on membrane processes for water desalination, wastewater treatments, etc. - Addresses key issues in process intensification and extraction of energy from renewable sources - Identifies further research needs for the practical implementation of these two membrane technologies

Download or read book Surface Chemistry of Nanobiomaterials written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Chemistry of Nanobiomaterials brings together the most recent findings regarding the surface modification of currently used nanomaterials, which is a field that has become increasingly important during the last decade. This book enables the results of current research to reach those who wish to use this knowledge in an applied setting. Leading researchers from around the world present various types of nanobiomaterials, such as quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes, silver nanoparticles, copper oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, magnetite, hydroxyapatite and graphene, and discuss their related functionalization strategies. This book will be of interest to postdoctoral researchers, professors and students engaged in the fields of materials science, biotechnology and applied chemistry. It will also be highly valuable to those working in industry, including pharmaceutics and biotechnology companies, medical researchers, biomedical engineers and advanced clinicians. - An up-to-date and highly structured reference source for researchers, practitioners and students working in biomedical, biotechnological and engineering fields - A valuable guide to recent scientific developments, covering major and emerging applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical field - Proposes novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine and nanobiology

Download or read book Functional Nanostructured Membranes written by Enrico Drioli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A membrane is considered the heart of every separation process because it is developed as a nanostructured/nanofunctionalized thin barrier that controls the exchange between two phases, not only by external forces and under the effect of fluid properties, but also through the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane material itself. This book compiles cutting-edge research in membrane science, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, mainly from interdisciplinary research groups at the Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Italy, working on membrane design, membrane process engineering, and selected materials and practices for enhanced transport mass, charge, and energy. It covers topics on the design of new nanostructured membranes with improved properties, together with the identification of efficient transport–property relationships. It shares and strengthens the knowledge of making membrane technology a much more powerful and eco-friendly route, enabling one to provide prospective solutions and benefits for numerous fields of applications where traditional separation technologies suffer from many deficiencies. It is a great reference for researchers and investigators; graduate, PhD, and postgraduate students; and end users interested in membrane science and technology, nanomaterials, eco-friendly separation, chemistry, biology, and process engineering.

Download or read book Membrane Modification written by Nidal Hilal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of membrane processes. The book starts with an examination of the use of membrane modification to optimize the performance of membranes used in industry. It concludes by demonstrating how membrane modification can improve separation processes in industrial sectors that are recognized as global polluters of water sources. Features Illustrates the use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the characterization of commercial and novel membranes Overviews various surface modification techniques applied to enhance the bulk and surface properties of nanofiber membranes Covers the factors affecting membrane fouling and the use of nanoparticles in membrane modification processes Explores the use of plasma treatment for the modification of polymeric membranes Written by professors, engineers, and researchers in the field, the book covers recent advances and comprehensively describes novel and most-used membrane characterization techniques. Modification of different materials and geometrics include flat-sheet, hollow-fiber, and nano-fiber membranes as well as different membrane processes such as reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, gas separation, pervaporation, and membrane fuel cells. Chapters contain tables, figures, photographs, and theoretical equations to aid with reader comprehension.

Download or read book Advances In Water Desalination Technologies written by Yoram Cohen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents chapters from world leaders on water desalination advances with respect to processes, separations materials, and energy and environmental considerations. It provides a balanced discussion of the mature and newer desalination technologies and provides a fundamental assessment of the potential of emerging approaches. Realistic assessments for the feasibility of energy extraction from salinity gradients, desalting high salinity source water, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, are among the topics discussed. Also, among the topics discussed in the book are recent advances in the desalination application of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and surface structuring of membranes.

Download or read book Engineering Nanostructured Selective Layers for Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Jason Richard Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major challenge to communities across the world in the next century will be ensuring millions have access to adequate freshwater resources. Studies from the UN World Health Organization indicate that over 1.1 billion people currently lack access to reliable and secure freshwater supplies, with an estimated 2.5 million deaths per year from diseases associated with poor access and sanitation in 2007. Reverse osmosis (RO), a process through which water is desalted via pressurized flow past a salt-selective membrane, is an energy-efficient method to generate freshwater from oceanic, brackish, and waste water sources. However, there are a number of challenges to scaling up RO processes to large scale production, including the need to improve membrane selectivity and throughput. One method to assemble selective layers for RO membranes is layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, which is a flexible, scalable assembly technique that enables the incorporation of a myriad of polyelectrolytes and inorganic nanoparticles into thin films. There is a gap in the scientific literature concerning the use of LbL to generate RO selective layers where previous approaches have not taken full advantage of the LbL process to incorporate nanomaterials that can generate ordered nanostructures for salt rejection. In particular, high-aspect ratio clay platelets are ideal for such a purpose; it was hypothesized that effective salt rejection could be achieved by hindering the diffusion of solvated ions through nano-channels formed by the platelets embedded within a polymer matrix. This body of work examines the application of spray layer-by-layer (spray-LbL) assembly with clay composite thin film architectures to generate nanostructured selective layers for use in RO membrane technology. First, appropriate substrates were identified as support layers for the deposition of spray- LbL assembled clay composite thin films. Both electrospun bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSU) mats of varying fiber diameter and polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with varying pore diameters were examined. Second, a range of materials were investigated for the spray-LbL deposition of clay composite films. Laponite clay platelets were incorporated into several different film architectures including strong polyelectrolytes as well as cross-linkable weak polyelectrolytes to form both bilayer and tetralayer film architectures. The clay content was controlled via manipulating assembly conditions such as the pH and spray times of the film components. Assembled membrane architectures were tested at industrial RO operating conditions in dead-end permeation cells and evaluated for salt rejection, water permeability, and mechanical strength. Ultimately, it was determined the most uniform and robust films were those deposited on PES membranes with 30 nm pores, closely matching the characteristic length of the LAP clay platelets to reduce the impact of bridging. Although all the film architectures tested exhibited significantly greater water permeability than commercially available RO selective layers, the salt selectivity was found to be highly dependent on the film architecture and assembly conditions. The best performing film architecture consisted of a cross-linked clay composite tetralayer film, exhibiting salt rejection of 89% for aqueous 10,000 ppm NaCl solution with an order of magnitude increase in water permeability over a commercially-available thin film composite membrane. The key conclusion drawn from the studies indicate the presence of an optimal zone where the incorporation of clay platelets introduces additional salt selectivity via size exclusion, balanced with the cross-linked polymer component of the film to improve the mechanical strength and reduce the risk of critical defect formation during operation. Taken together, these investigations represent a new approach using structured nanomaterials to develop next generation clay composite RO selective layers. The increased water permeability of the clay composite selective layers offers an attractive advantage in desalting applications where high flux is desirable, such as with brackish water resources as well as in membrane unit operations near their thermodynamic limit.

Download or read book Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment written by Alberto Figoli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane technology but also serves as a medium to promote international cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal of supplying economically, environmentally and societally sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is unique because the chapters were authored by established researchers all around the globe based on their recent research findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the scientific community in this century, the publication of this book is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized and developing countries as well.

Download or read book Osmosis Engineering written by Nidal Hilal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osmosis Engineering provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art surrounding osmosis-based research and industrial applications. The book covers the underpinning theories, technology developments and commercial applications. Sections discuss innovative and advanced membranes and modules for osmosis separation processes (e.g., reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, osmotic membrane distillation), different application of these osmosis separation processes for energy and water separation, such as the treatment of radioactive waste, oily wastewater and heavy metal removal, draw solutions, pretreatment technologies, fouling effects, the use of renewable energy driven osmotic processes, computational, environmental and economic studies, and more. - Covers state-of-the-art osmotic engineering technologies and applications - Presents multidisciplinary topics in engineered osmosis, including both fundamental and applied EO concepts - Includes major challenges such as fouling mitigation, membrane development, pre-treatment and energy usage

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research written by H. Lonsdale and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Th i s book had its orl gl n in the sympos i urn on "Polymers for Desalination" sponsored by the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and held in September, 1971 in Wash ington D. C. at the 162nd national meeting of the Society. However, the book is not simply the proceedings of that symposium. A num ber of additional papers were contributed by other workers in the field, and the original papers presented at the symposium have, for the most part, been expanded. The book thus represents a broad cross section of membrane research and development activities in the United States and abroad within the field of reverse osmosis. The purposes of the book are to bring attention to important new developments in this field, to suggest what the next generation of reverse osmosis equipment may look like, and to indicate where fur ther research and development are needed. The vast majority of the papers collected here represent work supported by the Office of Saline Water of the United States Department of the Interior, and the emphasis here is clearly on the application of the reverse os mosis process to water purification. However, many of the concepts, methods, and conclusions are expected to be useful in other areas of membrane science and technology.

Download or read book Antibiofouling Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Zhiwei Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiofouling Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Applications covers most recent advances, challenges, and industrial applications of antibiofouling membranes to help in reducing cost and increasing sustainability of long term-filtration performance of membranes in water and wastewater treatment. This book will provide a compact source of relevant and timely information on antibiofouling membranes and will be of great interest to scientists, engineers, industry R&D personnel, and graduate students engaged in the development, engineering scale-up, and applications of antibiofouling membranes, as well as other readers who are interested in microfiltration, membrane bioreactor, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and related topics. - Covers scientific and engineering principles of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment - Unravels the structure-preparation-property-application relationship of antibiofouling membranes - Provides advanced design strategies of antibiofouling membrane materials - Summarizes and critically discusses antibiofouling membrane materials based on biocidal nanomaterials and quaternary ammonium compounds - Focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment

Download or read book Membrane Desalination written by Andreas Sapalidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide details about membrane desalination processes, starting from basic concepts leading to real world implementation. Chapters cover novel research topics such as biomimetic and nanocomposite membranes, nanostructured fillers for mixed matrix membranes, advanced characterization techniques and molecular modeling. Additionally, engineering and economical aspects of desalination as well as the exploitation of green energy sources are thoroughly presented. This books targets bridging the gap between the everyday research laboratory practices with practical application demands, so that the readers gain a global perspective of all desalination challenges.