Download or read book Surface Hardening of Steels written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the mot efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results. Emphasis is placed on characteristics such as processing temperature, case/coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained. The advantages and limitations of the various thermochemical, thermal and coating/surface modification technologies are compared

Download or read book Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel written by Andr√© Paulo Tschiptschin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of nitrogen to stainless steel improves mechanical and corrosion properties. Nitrogen-bearing stainless steel (HNSS) is a new corrosion-resistant alloy class exhibiting better tribological properties. High-pressure and powder metallurgy techniques were developed for the fabrication of HNSS. Solid-state routes allow nitrogen introduction through thermochemical, implantation, or plasma surface treatments. High-temperature gas nitriding (HTGN), carried out in an N2 atmosphere in the 1000¬∞C range, allows N uptake, obtaining thick, ~0.5,Äì1.0 wt.% N austenitic cases. HTGN is different from conventional nitriding, performed in the 500¬∞C range, where intense CrxNy precipitation occurs, impairing the corrosion resistance. Low-temperature plasma nitriding (LTPN) introduces more N in solution, and colossal supersaturated expanded phases (~45 at.%N) are formed. N supersaturation and compressive stresses increase the hardness of the surface layer to 10,Äì14¬†GPa. Ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels can be surface-treated by LTPN, obtaining expanded ferrite and martensite. However, single LTPN stainless steel may prematurely fail when submitted to high loading, as the thin and hard expanded layers collapse due to lack of load-bearing capacity. Duplex-nitriding treatment (HTGN¬†+¬†LTPN) results in a thick nitrogen-rich hardened austenite substrate layer, granting mechanical support and adhesion to the expanded austenite layer.

Download or read book Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Improving Materials Performance written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion. Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materialsCovers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloysExamines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion"

Download or read book Stainless Steel 2000 written by Tom Bell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austenitic stainless steels lend themselves to a wide range of applications. However, they normally stiffer from poor wear resistance and do not respond well to traditional surface treatments. This volume. the fruit of a current status seminar, reflects the enormous strides which have been made in the last few years in the study of the expanded austenite phase (also called the S phase) and the development of new surface treatment techniques. As well as the papers presented at the seminar, the book contains selection from related papers and a comprehensive bibliography of the literature on the subject from 1979 to 2000.

Download or read book Stainless Steel 2000 written by Tom Bell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austenitic stainless steels lend themselves to a wide range of applications. However, they normally stiffer from poor wear resistance and do not respond well to traditional surface treatments. This volume. the fruit of a current status seminar, reflects the enormous strides which have been made in the last few years in the study of the expanded austenite phase (also called the S phase) and the development of new surface treatment techniques. As well as the papers presented at the seminar, the book contains selection from related papers and a comprehensive bibliography of the literature on the subject from 1979 to 2000.

Download or read book Low Temperature Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PRACTICAL HEAT TREATING written by JON L. DOSSETT and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The History of Hardening written by Hans Berns and published by Härterei Gerster AG. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present needs the past to shape the future. As in many areas of life, heat treatments used in the past have to be studied to understand the present. The resulting conclusions can be used to shape the future. But how did heat treatment develop into a key branch of the economy in spite of its initial inadequacies? This question is the subject of this book, written by Professor Emeritus Dr.-Ing. Hans Berns and published by Härterei Gerster AG. It begins with the production of sponge iron in a bloomery hearth during the pre-Christian era and its subsequent carburisation as an essential requirement for hardening. During the Modern Period, in contrast, the high carbon content of the crude iron had to be painstakingly reduced to a level that allowed forging and hardening. The invention of mild steel in 1856 brought alloyed steels that could be hardened with thicker cross-sections, thus laying the foundations for modern hardening techniques. Härterei Gerster AG, a family business, has become the leading Swiss specialist for technical heat treatments mainly due to ongoing development cooperation with a number of academic institutions. Various development projects established a friendly relationship between Härterei Gerster AG and Prof. Hans Berns.

Download or read book Surface Hardening of Austenitic Stainless Steels Via Low temperature Colossal Supersaturation written by Yan Cao (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Symposium on Surface Hardening of Stainless Steels October 22 23 2007 Cleveland Ohio written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Case hardening of Steel written by Harry Brearley and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Temperature Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel written by Thomas Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carburizing written by Geoffrey Parrish and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Based on his training in metallurgy and experience in a large British gear manufacturing company, Parrish reviews the microstructural features of metal products that have been carbon case-hardened, and the influence of those features on the more important material properties. He is not concerned with the carbonizing process at all. He primarily addresses students of engineering and ferrous metallurgy, but also stress and design engineers who might want to understand more fully the specifications of the materials they are considering for their designs. He wrote the eight articles to summarize the field's literature of the early 1970s for his own convenience, but at invitation, published them as a series in the Heat Treatment of Metals during 1967-77, and collected them for a first edition of the volume in 1980. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Download or read book Surface hardening of steels written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heat Treatment of Stainless Steels written by Rustless Iron and Steel Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Hardening of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 written by John Christian Dalton and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased use of second-generation duplex stainless steels is expected as demands for tougher, more economical, and corrosion resistant alloys increase. A novel gas-phase carburizing and nitriding procedure operating in the temperature range of 325 °C to 440 °C was utilized with the intent of improving both the tribological and electrochemical performance of the 2205 duplex alloy (22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N) under so-called paraequilibrium conditions. A suite of state-of-the-art microchemical and structural characterization tools were employed following each treatment, and performance of the treated alloys assessed by chloride-based cyclic polarization and nano-indentation hardness measurements. Particular emphasis was placed on understanding the response of the ferritic phase, which has been a source of speculation and confusion since the development of such treatments. CALPHAD-based thermodynamic modeling was also used to predict phase stability in the 2205 system subjected to gas-phase paraequilibrium nitridation or carburization. Analysis of the interstitially-hardened layer in the austenitic phase of 2205 provides results consistent with similar surface hardening treatments of single-phase austenitic stainless steels: a colossally supersaturated and precipitate-free hardened layer of expanded austenite is formed. The interstitial concentration, case depth, and concomitant mechanical properties can be tailored through control of the temperature, duration, and chemical activity with the gas-phase process. Spatially-resolved chemical and structural analysis within the d-ferrite of 2205 revealed two competitive transformation behaviors following nitridation, while carburization led to only one response. For both carburization and nitridation, carbon or nitrogen supersaturations in ferrite on the order of 20 at.% and 25 at.%, respectively, were observed--greater than 10^6 times the equilibrium concentration at room temperature, yet remarkably with unmeasurable expansion or distortion of the bcc lattice. These supersaturated ferrite grains appear `featureless' in the TEM, suggesting the presence of a high density of strain centers. High-resolution TEM revealed that, unlike austenite, ferrite may accommodate colossal concentrations of carbon or nitrogen through the formation of an ultra-high density dislocation network = 10^16 m-2, as opposed to occupation of lattice-expanding interstitial sites. These linear defects, presumably formed during yielding under the large residual stresses of restricted lattice expansion, enhanced the kinetics of spinodal-like decomposition of the ferrite to nm-scale Fe-rich (aFe) and Cr-rich (aCr) ferrite domains within the carburized or nitrided layer, and apparently provide lower-energy sites for carbon and nitrogen than in potential secondary phases. Elsewhere in the case of nitrided 2205, an isothermal, nitrogen-induced ferrite-to-austenite phase transformation occurred due to the potent austenite-stabilizing nature of nitrogen. The austenite transformation product formed in a partitionless manner from the parent ferrite with a high-aspect-ratio plate-like morphology in Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship. These, and other microstructural signatures lead to the conclusion that the austenite formed by a shear-like mechanism characteristic of martensitic reactions. The microstructural evolution of these phase transformations in d-ferrite accompanying low-temperature nitridation of 2205, and lack of carburization-induced transformation of ferrite to austenite, are discussed in light of the chemical and strain energies involved.

Download or read book Stainless Steels and Alloys written by Zoia Duriagina and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its corrosion-mechanical, technological, and functional properties. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used for service down to as low as the temperature of liquid helium (-269oC). This is largely due to the lack of a clearly defined transition from ductile to brittle fracture in impact toughness testing. Steels with ferritic or martensitic structures show a sudden change from ductile (safe) to brittle (unsafe) fracture over a small temperature difference. Even the best of these steels shows this behavior at temperatures higher than -100oC and in many cases only just below zero. Various types of stainless steel are used across the whole temperature range from ambient to 1100oC. This book will be useful to scientists, engineers, masters, graduate students, and students. I hope readers will enjoy this book and that it will serve to create new materials with unique properties.