Download or read book Surface Analysis of Adsorbed Proteins written by Elaine Hillenmeyer Tronic and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorbed proteins on surfaces are important in many applications, including medical implants, sensors, marine materials, and in vitro substrates for cell culture and other uses. Understanding the protein structure on the surface would allow better control of the interaction of the material with the surrounding environment and a more reproducible system response. Protein adsorption is a complex process, and characterization requires the combination of multiple analysis techniques. In this thesis, adsorbed protein amounts were measured using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and radiolabeled proteins. Protein conformation and orientation were measured using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), sum frequency generation (SFG), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Surface type influenced the adsorbed surface concentration of albumin and fibronectin on surfaces of glass, polystyrene, titanium, and sulfonated polystyrene as measured by XPS and radiolabeled protein adsorption. More albumin adsorbed onto polystyrene than glass. More albumin and fibronectin adsorbed onto sulfonated polystyrene than titanium. ToF-SIMS also showed differences in structure of the proteins adsorbed onto the different surfaces. The A1 domain of von Willebrand Factor adsorbed in similar amounts onto glass, tissue culture polystyrene, and polystyrene surfaces, as measured by XPS. However, ToF-SIMS showed differences in solution exposure of A1 domain amino acids when adsorbed onto the three surfaces and NEXAFS showed the most ordered ß-sheet structure when A1 was adsorbed onto polystyrene. ELISA showed lowest binding of antibodies recognizing a nonlinear epitopes within A1 when A1 was adsorbed onto polystyrene. Functional studies using a parallel plate flow chamber measured platelet binding to A1 adsorbed onto the three surfaces. At high shear (20dyne/cm2), platelets showed most detachment from A1 adsorbed onto glass. At low shear (0.2dyne/cm2), platelets showed most detachment from A1 adsorbed onto polystyrene. Surface analysis was also useful in characterizing collagen substrates created under different experimental conditions, including material source and pH. Collagen obtained from different sources exhibited altered adsorption behavior, both in amount adsorbed as measured by XPS and interaction with the A1 domain of von Willebrand Factor as measured by ToF-SIMS. SFG was used to identify differences in ordering of collagen adsorbed from solutions at different pH values. Collagen adsorbed at pH 8.0 showed higher SFG amide signal than collagen adsorbed at pH 6.5, suggesting greater ordering of the peptide backbone at pH 8.0. The differences in SFG signal were not due to the amount adsorbed protein, as XPS showed more collagen adsorbed onto tissue culture polystyrene at pH 6.5 than pH 8.0. These studies demonstrated that the surface type can have a large impact on adsorbed proteins, both in amount adsorbed and surface structure. These studies also showed that surface analysis is very useful in creating defined in vitro protein substrates. In all cases, it was crucial to use multiple analysis techniques to understand these systems.

Download or read book Using Surface Analysis to Investigate how Adsorbed Protein Structure Changes with Controlled Changes in Surface Chemistry written by Rami N. Foster and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein adsorption on synthetic surfaces is an important and widely studied phenomenon in biomaterials research. Despite its importance, it is still poorly understood. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to contribute toward a better understanding of the protein-biomaterial interface, with application toward the next generation of biomaterial implants. Narrowing this broad objective down to something more specific, this thesis represents a body of work focused on the interaction of blood plasma proteins with sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) grafted surfaces. The approach to achieving this objective is straightforward. First, proof-of-concept must be established that NaSS can be successfully grafted to a given surface. A thorough characterization of NaSS films grafted from titanium and silicon oxide surfaces using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is presented herein. Next, the grafting procedure must be optimized and scaled in order to reliably produce sufficient quantities of NaSS-grafted samples to meet the demands of protein adsorption studies. Using a 24 factorial experimental design and "activators are continuously regenerated by electron transfer" (ARGET) ATRP chemistry, an optimized NaSS grafting procedure was developed. The findings here may be generally applied as a starting point for grafting other polymers to a variety of surfaces. The last step is application-to use the NaSS films for their intended purpose. Surface analysis techniques were applied to characterize changes in adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine fibrinogen (Fgn), bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG), and bovine plasma films between bare and NaSS-grafted gold surfaces. All three proteins and plasma adsorb more readily to, and have a higher affinity for gold than NaSS surfaces. However, at higher concentrations NaSS adsorbs similar amounts (for plasma) or more (for BSA and Fgn) total protein than gold. The only protein that NaSS surfaces adsorb less of than gold is IgG, because IgG adopts a highly denatured conformation on NaSS. Each adsorbed IgG molecule takes up more space on NaSS compared to gold surfaces, resulting in less total protein adsorbed at all concentrations. Still, with the exception of BSA and plasma on gold surfaces, neither surface appeared to have saturated at the highest protein solution concentration studied. Using principal component analysis (PCA) of just the amino acid ToF-SIMS mass fragments, it was determined that all three proteins and plasma adsorb differently on NaSS and gold surfaces, and that the structure of the xii adsorbed protein films change with surface concentration. One difference between adsorbed films on both surfaces, determined using peak ratios for buried/surface amino acids for each protein, is that adsorbed proteins denature more on NaSS than gold. Also, using peak ratios of non-uniformly distributed amino acids, small differences in average orientations were found between the two surfaces for BSA and IgG films. Finally, principal component (PC) modeling, was used to track changes in adsorbed plasma films with time. On NaSS surfaces the plasma films appear to be more BSA-like at short adsorption times, and more Fgn-like at longer adsorption times. Similarly, on gold surfaces the plasma films on appear to start out more IgG-like and become more Fgn-like with increasing adsorption time. However, the PC model included only the three proteins studied here, where plasma is a complex mixture of hundreds of proteins. Therefore, while both gold and NaSS appear to adsorb more Fgn with time, further study is required to confirm that this is truly representative of the final state of the adsorbed plasma films.

Download or read book Proteins at Interfaces II written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Protein Adsorption to Vial Surfaces Quantification Structural and Mechanistic Studies written by Johannes Mathes and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2010-09-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adsorption of therapeutic proteins to different surfaces in the course of fill and finish, storage, or administration is critical and has shown to cause severe problems which should not be underestimated. Among them is the loss of content but also, potentially, protein structural changes, accompanied by the risk of therapy failure or immunological reactions. In this context, special attention has to be paid to primary packaging containers, to which the protein has an enduring surface contact. Against this background, the adsorption of a modern therapeutic protein, i.e. an IgG1 antibody, to vials was investigated within the scope of this thesis. The first priority had borosilicate glass, followed by siliconized borosilicate glass and polyolefin plastic. The use of model surfaces was almost completely avoided. The studies comprise the quantification of surface-bound protein subject to variable formulation compositions and surface qualities as well as a detailed characterization of the adsorbed protein layer including protein structural alterations caused by the adsorption process. In the presented investigations, the main focus was on the equilibrium state of adsorption at conditions mainly within the scope of pharmaceutical relevance, but also beyond, if necessary, for the acquisition of fundamental knowledge on the adsorption mechanism.

Download or read book Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair written by Mario Barbosa and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair highlights the various important considerations that go into biomaterial development, both in terms of fundamentals and applications. After covering a general introduction to protein and cell interactions with biomaterials, the book discusses proteins in biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). The properties, fabrication and application of peptide biomaterials and protein-based biomaterials are discussed in addition to in vivo and in vitro studies. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students interested in biomaterials science, chemistry, molecular biology and nanotechnology. - Presents an all-inclusive and authoritative coverage of the important role which protein and peptides play as biomaterials for tissue regeneration - Explores protein and peptides from the fundamentals, to processing and applications - Written by an international group of leading biomaterials researchers

Download or read book Surface Activity of Proteins written by Shlomo Magdassi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers discussions on the chemical and physicochemical modification of proteins for the enhancement of surface activity and functional properties in a variety of systems. The volume provides examples of specific applications of modified proteins in gelation, emulsification, foaming, adsorption and surface tension reduction for use in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and surfactant manufacturing industries.

Download or read book Proteins at Solid Liquid Interfaces written by Philippe Déjardin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens with a description of fundamental aspects of protein adsorption to surfaces, a phenomenon that plays a key role in biotechnological applications, especially at solid-liquid interfaces. Presented here are methods for studying adsorption kinetics and conformational changes such as optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). Also described are sensitive bench techniques for measuring the orientation and structure of proteins at solid-liquid interfaces, including total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE), dual polarisation interferometry (DPI) and time of flight - secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS). A model study of fibronectin at polymer surfaces is included, as are studies using microporous membranes and textiles with immobilized enzymes for large-scale applications. Biocompatibility, anti-fouling properties and surface modification to modulate the adsorption and activity of biomolecules are among the other topics addressed in this invaluable book.

Download or read book Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces written by David A. Puleo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success or failure of biomaterials, whether tissue engineered constructs, joint and dental implants, vascular grafts, or heart valves, depends on molecular-level events that determine subsequent responses of cells and tissues. This book presents the latest developments and state-of-the-art knowledge regarding protein, cell, and tissue interactions with both conventional and nanophase materials. Insight into these biomaterial surface interactions will play a critical role in further developments in fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biocompatibility of implanted materials and devices. With chapters written by leaders in their respective fields, this compendium will be the authoritative source of information for scientists, engineers, and medical researchers seeking not only to understand but also to control tissue-biomaterial interactions.

Download or read book Proteins at Surfaces written by Yulia Mikhailovna Efimova and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding protein adsorption is of vital importance in many fields of medicine and industry that can be divided into two categories: those in which it is desired to minimize adsorption, and those in which protein adsorption is desired. The first category covers materials for kidney dialysis membranes, implants in the bloodstream, vessels for storing pharmaceutical products, marine antifouling paints, etc. The second covers mainly materials for surgical implants, e.g., bone replacement, teeth implants, which must be assimilated with the living tissue. For example, bones or tooth implants require good protein adhesion to allow the growth of the bone and the formation of a stable and strong interphase between the implants and the bone. In contrast, the protein adhesion has to be poor for catheters or contact lenses, where a low contact with the tissue is required...

Download or read book Bioseparations of Proteins written by Ajit Sadana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of protein inactivation during bioseparation and the effect on protein processing. Bioseparation of Proteins is unique because it provides a background of the bioseparation processes, and it is the first book available to emphasize the influence of the different bioseparation processes on protein inactivation.Bioseparation of Proteins covers the extent, mechanisms of, and control of protein inactivation during these processes along with the subsequent and essential validation of these processes. The book focuses on the avoidance of protein (biologicalproduct) inactivation at each step in a bioprocess. It compares protein inactivation exhibited during the different bioseparation processes by different workers and provides a valuable framework for workers in different areas interested in bioseparations.Topics include separation and detection methods; estimates of protein inactivation and an analysis of this problem for different separation processes; strategies for avoiding inactivation; the molecular basis of surface activity and protein adsorption,process monitoring, and product validation techniques; and the economics of various bioseparation processes and quality control procedures.Key Features* Protein inactivation and other aspects of biological stability are critical to an effective bioseparation process; This book is a detailed and critical review of the available literature in an area that is essential to the effectiveness, validation, and economics of bioseparation processes for drugs and other biological products; Conveniently assembled under one cover, the survey of the literature and resulting perspective will greatly assist engineers and chemists in designingand improving their own processes; Key features of the text include:* detailed data on biological stability under various bioseparation conditions* extensive case studies from the literature on separation processes, validation, and economics* simplified analysis of protein refolding and inactivation mechanisms* consideration of adsorption theories and the effect of heterogeneity* coverage of both classical and novel bioseparation techniques, including chromatographic procedures

Download or read book Cells Proteins and Materials written by Heather Sheardown and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2003-05-31 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins, Cells and Materials contains a collection of articles, which constitute together the complete Festschrift in honor of the 65th birthday of Dr. John L. Brash. For the first time these articles - published previously in several special issues of the Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition - have been compiled into one comprehensive volume.Over the past 40 years John Brash, a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, has distinguished himself in the field of biomaterials. Much of his efforts have focused on detailed studies of blood–surface interactions, particularly those of plasma proteins. His multi-faceted approach recognises the importance of hemodynamics, transport and surface phenomena in the gross effects that result from blood–surface contact. In this book articles on the most recent development in these areas are collected and will thus provide a wealth of information of current research to specialists in the above-mentioned fields.

Download or read book New Trends and Potentialities of ToF SIMS in Surface Studies written by Jacek Grams and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest trends and applications of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). It includes research and applications of the new primary ion guns. It also describes new possibilities of mass spectrometers and instrumentation development.

Download or read book Surface Analysis Methods in Materials Science written by D.J. O'Connor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for this book stemmed from a remark by Philip Jennings of Murdoch University in a discussion session following a regular meeting of the Australian Surface Science group. He observed that a text on surface analysis and applica tions to materials suitable for final year undergraduate and postgraduate science students was not currently available. Furthermore, the members of the Australian Surface Science group had the research experience and range of coverage of sur face analytical techniques and applications to provide a text for this purpose. A of techniques and applications to be included was agreed at that meeting. The list intended readership of the book has been broadened since the early discussions, particularly to encompass industrial users, but there has been no significant alter ation in content. The editors, in consultation with the contributors, have agreed that the book should be prepared for four major groups of readers: - senior undergraduate students in chemistry, physics, metallurgy, materials science and materials engineering; - postgraduate students undertaking research that involves the use of analytical techniques; - groups of scientists and engineers attending training courses and workshops on the application of surface analytical techniques in materials science; - industrial scientists and engineers in research and development seeking a description of available surface analytical techniques and guidance on the most appropriate techniques for particular applications. The contributors mostly come from Australia, with the notable exception of Ray Browning from Stanford University.

Download or read book Immobilized Biomolecules in Analysis written by Tony Cass and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomolecules and cells are critical components of biosensors and biomaterials, but in order to function in an artificial environment, they must be immobilized in a manner that does not affect their interaction with target analytes. Biosensors demonstrate that we can harness the incredible functions of living molecules and cells for our own purposes and are therefore at the forefront of technology. Moreover the applications of immobilized biomolecules and cells are expected to expand far beyond biosensor applications and indeed are already used for pharmaceutical production and testing. Biomaterials will become increasing common as they are being developed into toxic filters, artificial organs, and even silicon chips. This book provides a selection of methods for the immobilization of biomolecules and cells on a variety of surface with different geometries and chemistries so that they retain their function and guidelines on which method to use. Also included are the analytical techniques to measure the functionality of immobilized biomolecules. All the protocols have been tried and validated by the authors. Immobilized Biomolecules in Analysis: A Practical Approach is an invaluable guide to all researchers in the fields of biosensors and biomaterials. Research in biosensors is carried out in a wide variety of fields including biochemistry, chemistry, engineering, laboratory medicine, environmental and defence research. The protocols are written so that an extensive prior knowledge of biochemistry is not required to use them.

Download or read book Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Proteins written by David D. Weis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry is widely recognized for its ability to probe the structure and dynamics of proteins. The application of this technique is becoming widespread due to its versatility for providing structural information about challenging biological macromolecules such as antibodies, flexible proteins and glycoproteins. Although the technique has been around for 25 years, this is the first definitive book devoted entirely to the topic. Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Proteins: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications brings into one comprehensive volume the theory, instrumentation and applications of Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HX-MS) - a technique relevant to bioanalytical chemistry, protein science and pharmaceuticals. The book provides a solid foundation in the basics of the technique and data interpretation to inform readers of current research in the method, and provides illustrative examples of its use in bio- and pharmaceutical chemistry and biophysics In-depth chapters on the fundamental theory of hydrogen exchange, and tutorial chapters on measurement and data analysis provide the essential background for those ready to adopt HX-MS. Expert users may advance their current understanding through chapters on methods including membrane protein analysis, alternative proteases, millisecond hydrogen exchange, top-down mass spectrometry, histidine exchange and method validation. All readers can explore the diversity of HX-MS applications in areas such as ligand binding, membrane proteins, drug discovery, therapeutic protein formulation, biocomparability, and intrinsically disordered proteins.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by P. Somasundaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Aggregates and Particles in Protein Pharmaceuticals written by Hanns-Christian Mahler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to address the analysis of aggregates and particles in protein pharmaceuticals, provides a comprehensive overview of current methods and integrated approaches used to quantify and characterize aggregates and particles, and discusses regulatory requirements. Analytical methods covered in the book include separation, light scattering, microscopy, and spectroscopy.